对水曲柳与落叶松混交林优势的初步探讨

通过对水曲柳与落叶松混交林的调查得出结论,科学营造水曲柳与落叶松混交林是有其优势和发展前途的。     

落叶松水曲柳混交林中根际土壤交换性阳离子含量的比较

通过对落叶松水曲柳混交林中根际土壤交换性阳离子的比较,得到了落叶松水曲柳混交林根际土壤交换性阳离子的变化趋势为:除钠外,落叶松的各项交换性阳离子含量均大于水曲柳,钠与钾、钙、镁存在拮抗作用,营造落叶松混交林有利于促进落叶松的生长。     

水曲柳和落叶松人工纯林与混交林的碳储量

为评价水曲柳(Fraxinus mandschurica)和落叶松(Larix olgensis)人工纯林与混交林的固碳能力,在黑龙江省尚志市帽儿山地区选择24年生的林分,测定水曲柳和落叶松纯林与混交林的碳储量。结果表明:水曲柳和落叶松混交林生态系统碳储量(246.15 t C/hm2)大于落叶松纯林(232.01 t C/hm2)和水曲柳纯林(211.86 t C/hm2),但差异均不显著(P 0.05)。在三种人工林中,土壤层和乔木层碳储量分别占生态系统碳储量的71.6%~80.1%和17.3%~24.5%,为生态系统的主要碳库。混交林土壤层碳储量大于落叶松纯林和水曲柳纯林,但差异均不显著(P0.05)。混交林乔木层碳储量与落叶松纯林和水曲柳纯林相比均表现增加,且与水曲柳纯林差异显著(P 0.05)。混交林和落叶松纯林的凋落物层碳储量明显高于水曲柳纯林(P 0.05),而水曲柳纯林林下植被层的碳储量显著高于混交林和落叶松纯林(P 0.05)。结果表明,水曲柳和落叶松混交林与纯林相比能增加生态系统碳固定,适合于营造碳汇林。     

水曲柳落叶松混交林中细根空间分布

采用根钻取样方法对年生水曲柳落叶松混交林中细根空间分布状况进行了研究。结果表明,水曲柳落叶松地下生物量的空间分配差异显著。在林分水平上,水曲柳的根生物量密度高于落叶松(分别为4442.3和2234.9g/m3)。两树种在相邻区域中分配的细根生物量较高,表明种间根系竞争较弱。落叶松行间的水曲柳细根生物量密度和根长密度均高于水曲柳行间的落叶松细根,表明水曲柳地下部分具有较强能力。根系的空间分布有利于混交林中水曲柳的生长。图1表4参19。     

混交条件下水曲柳落叶松根系的生长与分布

用土钻法调查了水曲柳、落叶松纯林及其混交林的根系分布 ,并在温室内用盆栽和床栽方法测定了混栽及纯栽水曲柳、落叶松的根系生长。野外调查结果表明 :在混交林中 ,水曲柳、落叶松根系的水平分布不同 ,在水曲柳、落叶松相邻行间和水曲柳带内 1、2行间 ,水曲柳根密度分别为 32 37 2g·m- 3 和 3130 2g·m- 3 ,无明显差异。而在水曲柳落叶松相邻行间和落叶松带内 1、2行间 ,落叶松的根密度分别为 939 4g·m- 3 和2 745 3g·m- 3 ,差异明显。水曲柳根系有向落叶松带伸展的趋势 ,而落叶松根系的分布则受到水曲柳的抑制。混交林中根系的垂直分布更加均匀 ,在水曲柳落叶松相邻行间 ,0～ 10cm、10～ 2 0cm和 2 0～ 30cm土层内根量分别占总根量的 41 9%、2 8 7%和 2 9 4%。而水曲柳纯林中分别为 6 1 0 %、31 6 %和 7 4% ;落叶松纯林中分别为 5 5 6 %、2 7 9%和 16 5 %。温室栽培实验表明 :无论盆栽和床栽 ,混栽水曲柳的根生物量和地上生物量均高于纯栽 ,尤其是≤ 2mm细根生物量增加明显 ,盆栽时增加 2 8 8% ,床栽时增加 36 5 %。而混栽时落叶松的根生物量和地上生物量均低于纯栽。水曲柳的地下 地上比较高 ,约是落叶松的 2倍。水曲柳的根生物量约是落叶松的 4～ 6倍。上述结果说明 ,水曲柳的地下竞争能力     

落叶松与水曲柳混交林特征研究综述

落叶松和水曲柳是我国东北地区的主要造林树种,适合我国东北地区广泛栽培。本文对现有国内外落叶松和水曲柳种间关系、立地条件以及混交优势对生长的影响进行总结,其结果对落叶松和水曲柳混交林的经营及管理具有重要的理论意义。     

帽儿山主要森林类型凋落物层水文效应研究

对帽儿山地区不同林型的水文功能进行研究,通过分析不同林分凋落物层,得出人工林蓄水能力普遍比天然次生林强。在纯林中落叶松蓄水能力最强,水曲柳林最弱;混交林中红松水曲柳混交蓄水能力最强,云杉水曲柳林蓄水能力最弱;天然次生林蓄水能力较弱。蓄水能力总的排序：落叶松纯林〉红松纯林〉红松水曲柳混交林〉落叶松水曲柳混交林〉云杉纯林〉云杉水曲柳混交林〉天然次生林〉水曲柳纯林。蓄水能力与林分类型,枯落物分解状况及枯落物积累状况有关。     

高频真空干燥落叶松和水曲柳锯材的研究

利用ＪＩＣＡ提供的ＨＥＤ－０６０２型高频加热连续真空干燥机对落叶松和水曲柳锯材（２５ｍｍ和５０ｍｍ）进行干燥工艺试验。试验结果表明，干燥水曲柳锯材的速度快于干燥落叶松锯材，干燥水曲柳铖材的质量优于干燥落叶松锯材。本文提出了高频真空干燥２５ｍｍ和５０ｍｍ落叶松，水曲柳铖材的干燥基准，具有理论意义和实用参考价值。     

林豆复合生态系统土壤理化性质的研究

本文对混种大豆的落叶松.大豆、水曲柳-大豆复合生态系统土壤理化性质进行研究。结果表明,在一个生长季内混种后的土壤物理性质得到了改善。落叶松.大豆与水曲柳一大豆复合生态系统的土壤容重为1.112g/cm3和1.058g/cm3均低于相对应的纯林:混种大豆后土壤总孔隙度增加。两种林-豆复合生态系统土壤有机质分别比对应纯林高1.77倍和1.09倍:落叶松一大豆复合生态系统全氮和水解氮含量分别高于落叶松纯林4.2%和53.0/%,水曲柳-大豆复合生态系统全氮和水解氮含量分别高于水曲柳纯林75.5%和3.3%:混种大豆后全磷含量降低,而有效磷含量则增加:落叶松-大豆复合生态系统全钾和有效钾比落叶松纯林高0.6%和17.5%,水曲柳-大豆复合生态系统全钾和有效钾分别比水曲柳纯林高56.4%和21.8%。图1表3参27。     

落叶松水曲柳纯林与混交林根际土壤中养分浓度的变化

在落叶松水曲柳纯林与混交林中,采集林地土和根际土,测定了氮、磷、钾浓度,目的是探讨养分条件变化在混交林增产上的作用。结果表明:混交林林地土全氮浓度和水解氮浓度与水曲柳纯林相近,但要高于落叶松纯林。水曲柳在混交林中根际土全氮和水解氮浓度与纯林中的相近,而落叶松在混交林中根际土水解氮浓度明显高于纯林中的。混交林林地土全磷和全钾浓度与两个树种的纯林相差不大。混交林林地土有效磷、有效钾浓度均高于水曲柳纯林,而且水曲柳在混交林中根际土的有效磷和有效钾浓度与纯林中的相比明显增加,分别高出44.1%~79.6%和13.5%~25.6%。这说明水曲柳在混交林中磷和钾的利用状况得到了改善。表2参15。     

Spacial Patterns of Fine Root Abundance in Mixed Larch-Ash Plantation

InterspecificdiffernceIntr0ducti0nFornutrientandwaterseeking,tinerootsrepresentafuncti0nallyimportantpartofthebiomassoftbresttrees.lnforeststands,wherefinero0tsaredenselvpackedinsurfaces0iI,strongcompetitionfornutrientsandwatermaybeexpectedam0ngrootIetsan…     

GROWTH EFFECT OF DAHURIAN LARCH-MANCHURIAN ASH MIXED FORESTS

STUDYAREAANDareTH0DThestUdyareawasatthecompatheentllofXinkenIllWorkingUnitinchoershanExPenmentalForestFann,NortheastF0restryUniversity.Dunngthespnngofl967,Dahu-nanlarchwasplantedintheleftlandofsecon-daryf0rest.Beforeorafterplanhng,mal1yMancl1tlrial1ash,e1l11withwhitebarkandsolneotherbroad-leavedtLreesinvadedandgrewwell.NowManchunanashandDahu-nanlarchn1ixedforestshavebeenf0n11ed,inwhichManchurianashisdolninant.lnl984,2Pen1lanentplotsweresetupwiththeslzeof0.O6hnl',facil1gsoutheast,…     

Growth effect of Manchurian ash in mixed stands

lntroductionThepIantingofFraxiusm8ndShurfoabeganatShangzhi,Kedong,YianandFujincountiesofHei-longjiangProvincein196o'.Ash(hainusmand-shurica)andlarch(LarisgmehnI),AshandKoreanpine(PinuskoraiensiS)mixedstandwereremainednow,whichwereartificial,orformedbyplantingAshatterpIantingpureconiferousforest,orinducedbyestablishingeffectareainnaturalashforest.TherearemanyreferencesonthegrowthofashmixedstandinChina.Butinthepast,thestudyoftherela-tionshipbetWeentheincreasinggrowthofmixedstandwithdiffe…     

Quantitative analysis for interspecific relationship of larch stand mixed with ash

Lastvears.manvrescarchaboutintcr-sPecificrclationshipofmixcdstandsforIarchandasht`crcrePeatcd,mostof\`tich,hot`cvcr,isfortheplantingtypeoflinc-bclt.Thispaperanalysisash-larchrclationshipfor26agcdartificialIarchstandmixedwithcvenagcdashinnaturalreqencration.SlTEANDMEASUREMENTMETHOl)ArtincialIarchstandmcasuredlocatcdatecologicaIcxPCrimcntstationinMaocrshanMountainForcstryFarmofNortbcastForcstryUnivcrsity'(El27'34',N45"24').LarchttasplantcdonagrcatPCaccofdescrtcdfieIdinl967t"itha…     

THE SEASONAL DYNAMICS OF NUTRIENT CONTENTS IN MANCHURIA ASH-DAHURIAN LARCH MIXED STAND

StUdiesontheundeopundsboctUfCofmanchurianash-dahurianlarchmixedstandrevealedthatseveralrowsofmanchurianashtreesnearestdahurianlarchbelthaveobviouschangesofrootSindistribution,densityandgrowthtCndenCy.Numerousrootsofmanchu-rianashgrowtowardthelarchbelt,indicatingthattherewerefavorableconditionsfOrtherootstogrowinthelarchbelt.ThedahurianlarchtrCesmusthaveimprovedtheenviron-mentinsomeaspect.STUDYSlTESStUdysitessitUatedinHeilonaiiangProv-ince,mainlyinDongxingForestFarmofKe-dongcounty,wes…     

Effects of intercropping systems of trees with soybean on soil physicochemical properties in juvenile plantations

The intercropping system of tree with soybean in juvenile plantations, as a short-term practice, was applied at Lao Shan Experimental Station in Mao’er Shan Forest of Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China. The larch (Larix gmelinii)/soybean (Glycine max.) and ash (Fraxinus mandshurica) intercropping systems were studied in the field to assess the effects of the intercropping on soil physicochemical properties. The results showed that soil physical properties were improved after soybean intercropping with larch and ash in one growing season. The soil bulk density in larch/soybean and ash/soybean systems was 1.112 g·cm⁻³ and 1.058 g·cm⁻³, respectively, which was lower than that in the pure larch or ash plantation without intercropping. The total soil porosity also increased after intercropping. The organic matter amount in larch/soybean system was 1.77 times higher than that in the pure larch plantation, and it was 1.09 times higher in ash/soybean system than that in the pure ash plantation. Contents of total nitrogen and hydrolyzable nitrogen in larch/soybean system were 4.2% and 53.0% higher than those in the pure larch stand. Total nitrogen and hydrolyzable nitrogen contents in ash/soybean system were 75.5% and 3.3% higher than those in the pure ash plantation. Total phosphorus content decreased after intercropping, while change of available phosphorus showed an increasing trend. Total potassium and available potassium contents in the larch/soybean system were 0.6% and 17.5% higher than those in the pure larch stand. Total potassium and available potassium contents in the ash/soybean system were 56.4% and 21.8% higher than those in the pure ash plantation. Biography: FAN A-nan (1972–), female, Ph. Doctor in Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, P. R. China.