关于网箱养草对养殖水体的净化效果的探讨

近年来,由于缺乏生态环境保护意识,片面强调高产值和养殖规模的扩大,一些养殖池塘受污染的程度超过其自净能力,长期积累的负面效应引起生态系统的退化。轻者导致养殖效益下降,重者导致养殖对象的大批死亡。在本实验中,将异育银鲫和菹草混养在室外池塘中,建立鱼草共生系统。监测水体主要的理化因子的变化规律,测定异育银鲫的生长情况。从而探讨网箱养草对养殖水体主要营养盐的去除效果。试验结果表明:菹草具有明显的净化作用,可以有效的吸收TP和TN,增加水体DO,稳定水体,并能促进异育银鲫的生长。     

网箱养草对养殖水体的净化作用

近年来,由于缺乏生态环境保护意识,片面强调高产值和养殖规模的扩大,一些养殖池塘受污染的程度超过其自净能力,长期积累的负面效应引起生态系统的退化.轻者导致养殖效益下降,重者导致养殖对象的大批死亡.在本实验中,将异育银鲫和菹草混养在室外池塘中,建立鱼草共生系统.通过监测水体主要理化因子的变化规律和测定异育银鲫的生长情况,探讨了网箱养草对养殖水体主要营养盐的去除效果.试验结果表明:菹草具有明显的净化作用,可以有效的吸收TP(总磷)和TN(总氮),增加水体D 0(溶解氧),稳定水体,并能促进异育银鲫的生长.     

2种水生植物对梭鲈养殖池塘水质的影响

正养殖水体是水产动物赖以生存的环境,水体理化因子的变化直接影响水体中的生物化学过程,进而影响养殖动物的生长和存活~([1])。水生植物对养殖水环境具有较好的净化效果,水生植物与微生物的协同净化是水体中氮磷的主要去除途径。水蕹菜(Ipomoea aquatica)能够有效去除凡纳滨对虾池塘亚硝酸盐氮的含量~([2]),空心莲子草(Alternanthera philoxeroides)能有效降低养殖水体总氮、总磷     

池塘内网箱养鱼试验

在2.78hm~2 10个池塘中设置29个网箱(规格9～12m~2),进行池塘内网箱养鱼试验,网箱内主要养殖罗非鱼,此外还有鲤鱼和淡水白鲳;箱外水体中放养草、鲢、鳙鱼。网箱中总产鱼17696.5kg,平均64.8kg/m~2;网箱外产鱼12875kg,折合9343.5kg/hm~2,经济效益37173元。     

桂北罗非鱼流水高密度养殖模式

<正>罗非鱼是世界性主要养殖鱼类之一,也是我国出口量最大的鱼类,已成为我国南方地区农业支柱产业,形成了较为完整的产业化生产格局。罗非鱼目前的养殖方式主要有池塘养殖、网箱养殖和流水养殖等。池塘养殖、网箱养殖受养殖密度的限制,单位水体产量不高。流水养殖是指在人工控制的水体中,进行集约化高密度强化养殖,有利于促进水体交换、增加水中溶氧、增强鱼类的新陈代谢和消化吸收的功     

海参池塘网箱保苗技术

池塘网箱保苗是通过网箱在海参养殖池塘上部水体进行保苗的一种方式。通过选择合适的池塘架设网箱,6-7月份投放10 000~20 000头/kg的小白点进行保苗,养殖成商品苗。     

恒温帆布池高密度养殖黄鳝试验

<正>目前国内主要以水泥池和池塘网箱作为黄鳝的主要养殖方式。但由于农业用地的限制，水泥池养殖方式无法实现规模化，而池塘网箱一般需要设置在有水体交换的大水面，养殖管理十分不便。为了进一步提高养殖效率，实现黄鳝的规模化生产，通过试验攻关，在恒温帆布池内进行黄鳝的高密度养殖，取得了较好的试验效果。现将该技术介绍如下。     

鲤鱼网箱养殖与池塘养殖的营养需求之不同点

网箱养鱼在饲料营养上与池塘养鱼存在着很大差别，因此养殖者在网箱饲养过程中应注意还挥专用饲料。1．水质条件的差异2．养殖期的差异：由于网箱养殖与池塘养殖的水体温度存有差异，所以它们的养殖期不同。网箱养殖中水温较低，且提温较慢，而鲤鱼在15℃以下又不能正常摄食，投喂时间比池塘养殖晚一个月在右，一般网箱养殖在五月份投喂，而池塘养殖在四月初左右，所以其养殖期较池塘养殖的短。3．摄食量的差异：在网箱中的鱼类固水温低，摄食量较池塘养殖的低，一般为体重的2％左右．池塘养殖的鱼类为3％。4．营养标准的差异：由于网箱养殖…     

黄颡鱼与虎纹蛙池塘套养高效初探

为进一步提高池塘养殖的经济效益,充分发挥现有水体养殖的最佳效能,2008年我站进行了"在养殖黄颡鱼的池塘中设置网箱套养泰国虎纹蛙"的共生、高产高效试验。试验池塘6亩取得平均产值27030元/亩、纯利润8214元/亩的好效果。     

黄鳝养殖技术之一 黄鳝无公害网箱养殖技术

为了更好地发挥鄱阳湖大量小鱼虾的作用和当地池塘等中小水体的养殖潜力,笔者结合各地经验,在江西省进行了黄鳝网箱养殖技术的试验推广,狠抓水、种、饵及管理,实行健康养殖,获得了一定效果。现将黄鳝无公害网箱养殖技术总结如下,旨为同行间进行交流。一、养殖水环境养殖水环境要求水源有保障,水质无污染,且注排水方便。池塘、注排水沟、门前屋后的小水池等均可以作为养殖黄鳝的水体,但为方便管理考虑,选择面积3亩~5亩、水深1.0m以上、排灌水较方便的池塘更能保证养殖成功。二、网箱的制作与设置1.网箱制作网箱为敞口,通常以40目左右的聚乙烯…     

Effects of modified pond management on limnological parameters in small‐scale aquaculture ponds in mountainous Northern Vietnam

In mountainous Northern Vietnam, traditional pond aquaculture is part of the integrated farming activity contributing to food safety and to income generation for small‐scale farmers of ethnic minorities. Traditional pond management consists of a polyculture of macro‐herbivorous grass carp with 3–5 other fish species that are cultured in small ponds with constant water flow through. The main limitations to production are species‐specific mass mortalities of grass carp, a poor feed base especially for all species but grass carp, and poor water quality. In this study, we compared the traditional pond management to a semi‐intensive pond management that was based on the traditional management system but included changes designed by researchers to increase fish production. The modifications consisted of water inflow control, supplemental fertilization and feeding, and a polyculture dominated by common carp. The changes in management significantly reduced the turbidity and increased oxygen supply, as well as the natural food base within the pond. These changes in pond management provide farmers with the possibility to improve their pond aquaculture scheme and overcome previous limitations.     

我国水产养殖设施模式发展研究

作为世界水产养殖大国,我国的养殖设施模式要走上可持续发展的轨道,应该在为健康养殖提供进一步保障的前提下,更加注重系统在"节水、节地、节能、减排"方面的功效。养殖池塘、流水型养殖设施、循环水养殖设施和网箱养殖设施是我国集约化养殖的主要设施模式。这些设施在发挥巨大生产力的同时,在养殖水环境控制、水资源利用、生产系统效益、系统对环境的影响等方面,不同程度地存在着问题或矛盾,没能发挥出现代设施系统在健康养殖和产业可持续发展上应有的作用。本文在对以上4种主要养殖设施模式进行分析的基础上,结合养殖设施科技领域的研究成果,提出未来我国水产养殖设施模式的发展方向以及需要解决的重大科技问题,包括池塘工程化生态养殖设施、节水型养殖设施、经济型循环水养殖设施、系统化深水网箱养殖设施等4种发展模式。     

Characterization of bacterial community in intestinal and rearing water of Penaeus monodon differing growth performances in outdoor and indoor ponds

Penaeus monodon provides a high‐quality protein source for humanity, and pond cultured shrimp often presents asynchronous growth. Microbial communities are important for the digestion and immunity of shrimp. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the bacterial characteristics of the intestine and rearing water of asynchronously growing P. monodon that were cultured in outdoor and indoor pond respectively. The results showed that the bacterial community of the rearing water was more complex than that of the intestine; the fast‐growing shrimp in the indoor pond had higher intestinal bacterial diversity. Besides, the dominant bacterial composition of the water was more complex than that of the intestinal. Specifically, the abundance of Proteobacteria in the intestine was consistent with the growth performance of shrimp in the outdoor pond, which was exactly the opposite in the indoor pond. At the genus level, two cyanobacteria, Limnothrix and Cyanobium PCC‐6307, were dominant in the indoor and outdoor water respectively. In the outdoor pond, Bacillus was dominant in the slow‐growing shrimp intestines, while Vibrio was dominant in the fast‐growing shrimp. The intestinal microbes of the fast‐growing shrimp had higher proteasome metabolic capacity. These results can provide new insights into microbiome characteristics involved in the asynchronous growth of shrimp.     

北方寒地池养大鳞鲃生长和越冬成活

池塘人工养殖条件下测定了大鳞鲃(Barbus capito)的生长和越冬存活率,结果得出,水温20～23℃时大鳞鲃仔鱼的全长与生长时间相关方程为L全长=0.577 9t天数+5.422 1(R2=0.994 2,n=30);池塘水温13～28℃时,1龄鱼体长与生长时间的相关方程为L=18.234e0.132 6t(R2=0.978 5,n=30),体重与体长的关系式为W=0.017 3 L2.953 6(R2=0.9976,n=30)。夏季(5～10月)在室外池塘饲养,冬季(11～4月)自然越冬条件下,大鳞鲃1龄鱼体重为(40.06±6.53)g,2龄鱼体重为(241.35±45.31)g;夏季饲养条件不变,冬季在室内水泥池中(水温15～23℃)饲养条件下,12月龄体重为(90.02±32.17)g,24月龄为(807.27±150.46)g,30月龄为(1 380.08±176.26)g。大鳞鲃采取在越冬池中饲养,冬季直接在原塘自然越冬,存活率可达90%以上。     

Ecological footprint for assessment of resource use and development limitations in shrimp and tilapia aquaculture

We review estimates of the spatial ecosystem support required to run a typical semi-intensive shrimp farm in a coastal mangrove area in Carribean Colombia, and to produce food inputs and process wastes for large-scale industrially managed tilapia cage culture and small-scale, semi-intensive tilapia pond farming in Lake Kariba, Zimbabwe. The tilapia farming is discussed in relation to the pelagic kapenta, Limnothrissa miodon (Boulenger), fishery and to inshore fisheries in the Lake. The results show that a semi-intensive shrimp farm needs a spatial ecosystem support—the ecological footprint—35 to 190 times the surface area of the pond, mainly mangrove area. Based on the analysis, we conclude that shrimp farming in Colombia is already utilizing close to the full support capacity of its coastal environment. In intensive tilapia cage farming, the ecological footprint for feed production is 10 000 times larger than the area of the cages. In contrast, a tilapia pond farm maintained on offals from fisheries, agriculture and households depends very little on external ecosystem areas. As long as there is a direct market for human consumption of all kapenta caught in the Lake, fish cage farming based on fish meal from kapenta would be doubtful from ethical, ecological as well as resource management points of view, even if it was economically feasible.     

陆基水产养殖技术的研究

一种由小系统大组合方式集成的新型陆基水产养殖设施 ,小系统由养殖池、水处理池等组成 ,形成各池独立的水体环流运转系统。合理的池体结构和水流工艺设计 ,以及有效的物理和生物净化方式 ,使再循环水量达到 99% ,每立方米水体的载鱼量达到 5 0kg以上 ,具有节电、节水、环保、高效等特点 ,该技术属国内领先水平。     

Effects of Stocking Density on Growth of Tilapia nilotica Cultured in Cages in Ponds

Reported maximum carrying capacities of Tilapia nilotica reared in cages are Iow ranging from 10 to 70 kg/m³. This may be related to total numbers of caged fish reared in a body of water and not simply density per cage volume. An experiment was conducted to demonstrate such effects.
Sixteen cages in a 0.77 ha pond were stocked with T. nilotica at either 250, 500, 750, or 1,000 fish/cage for a total of 12,987 fish/ha. One cage in each of four 0.13 ha ponds was stocked with either 250 or 1,000 fish/cage for a total of 1,923 or 7,692 fish/hectare, respectively. Fish were fed a 32% protein diet at equal rates for 169 days. In the 0.77 ha pond, yield per cage was positively correlated with stocking density, while individual mean weights were negatively correlated with stocking density. However, among equal densities per cage between ponds, fish in the 0.13 ha ponds gained about 26% more than in the 0.77 ha pond. An interaction of the effects of density per cage volume and per pond area may have occurred.     

Digestive enzyme activity in the intestine of Nile tilapia (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Oreochromis niloticus</Emphasis> L.) under pond and cage farming systems

The effect of different farming systems (cage, pond) upon digestive enzyme activities of Nile tilapia was evaluated. Juvenile Nile tilapia (87.61 ± 1.52 g) were simultaneously cultured in pond and cage systems during 90 days. Cages used nutritional biphasic plan (35 and 32 % crude protein—CP feeds) and ponds used nutritional triphasic plan (35, 32 and 28 % CP feeds). Biometric measurements were monthly performed for adjustments in feeding regimes and removal of intestine tissues to evaluate the performance of enzyme activities. Total proteolytic, amylase and lipase activities were not statistically different between the treatments throughout the periods analyzed (31, 63 and 94 days of culture). However, trypsin and chymotrypsin activities were higher with 31 and 63 days of culture in fish from pond system, suggesting that natural food may have influenced these activities. A positive correlation was observed between the recommended concentration of essential amino acids for Nile tilapia and specific aminopeptidases activity in fish cage system. Substrate–SDS–PAGE revealed 12 active proteolytic bands in both systems. However, integrated density (ID) values were higher in the bands of ponds. Specimens of either cage or pond exhibited five bands of amylolytic activity. Fish from cage and pond systems showed the highest values of ID within 31 days of cultivation. In this study, the complexity of digestive functions could be verified for animals maintained under commercial conditions. Some of the assessed enzymes may show adaptations of their activities and/or expression that allow the fish to achieve a more efficient nutrient assimilation.     

盐碱地池塘配置网箱养鱼试验

在盐碱地一个面积为2871m^2的鱼池中，配置4个网箱．分别放养罗非鱼、淡水白鲳和鲤，箱外放养鲢、草鱼和鲤。试验结果：罗非鱼箱(20m^2)出鱼525kg．平均单产26．3kg／m^2,淡水白鲳箱(12m^2)出鱼400kg,平均单产33.3kg／m^2,鲤鱼箱两个(各12m^2)分别出鱼488．5kg和522kg，平均单产为40．7kg／m^2和43．5kg／m^2。箱外出鲢516kg,草鱼130kg，鲤1125kg。总计全池出鱼3706．5kg，亩产鱼862kg，每亩纯盈利2173．85元。试验证明：池塘配置网箱养鱼．可同池主养几种鱼，起捕容易，管理方便。     

不同养殖密度对文蛤生长与水质的影响

对两种不同池塘养殖容量条件下的文蛤在生长期的生长情况与相应的水质变化进行了监测分析,了解不同养殖容量文蛤生长期间水质的变化情况对文蛤生长的影响。试验结果表明,换水次数和换水量对保持水质的高溶解氧,补充小型饵料生物,控制池水浮游生物浓度和排出一部分代谢产物都具有一定的作用,并确定了池塘养殖贝类保持快速生长的养殖容量范围。