ELISA诊断牛锥虫病最佳稀释标准的探讨

酶联免疫吸附试验 (ELISA)是一种适用于大规模血清学诊断的免疫新技术。在普查牛锥虫病中 ,初步探讨出实验材料最佳稀释浓度标准。抗原为 10～ 2 0mg/mL ,血清抗体为 1∶2 0 0～ 5 0 0之间 ,酶标记物为 1∶460 ,在加被检血清之前 ,先加 0 .5 %牛血清白蛋白 (BSA) 0 .4mL孵育、洗涤可阻止非特异性蛋白质的竞争性吸附 ,并达到满意的检出效果     

单抗竞争ELISA检测猪沙门氏菌感染方法的建立与应用

以猪霍乱沙门氏菌作为包被抗原 ,利用沙门氏菌O7单克隆抗体酶结合物建立了竞争ELISA方法检测猪霍乱沙门氏菌抗体。经过研究确定抗原包被浓度为 2×1 0 8CFU/ml,血清检测稀释度为 1∶1 6,酶标抗体浓度为 1∶70 0 ,包被液为碳酸盐缓冲液 ( 0 .0 5MpH9.6)。应用单抗竞争ELISA和平板凝集试验 (PAT)同时对 5 0 6份血清进行猪霍乱抗体检测 ,PAT的检出率为 3 .60 % ,ELISA检出率为 5 .75 % ,两者符合率达 96.4%。试验结果表明 ,ELISA方法敏感性高 ,特异性强 ,稳定性和重复性好 ,操作简便。本方法的建立在猪群沙门氏菌感染的检疫、实验室诊断的标准化及流行病学调查方面具有应用价值。     

筛选伊氏锥虫单克隆抗体检测方法的建立—ELISA

首先采用DEAE纤维素柱层析法从感染动物血液中分离获得纯净的伊氏锥虫,通过超声乳化结合离心得到可溶性锥虫抗原,作为免疫接种及检测用:通过免疫大白鼠获得鼠抗伊氏锥虫阳性血清,用辣根过氧化物酶标记羊抗鼠IgG血清获得酶标抗体,经测试,抗原工作浓度为1:80(原浓度为2.57mg/ml),酶标抗体工作浓度为1:400,从而建立了酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA),作为筛选抗伊氏锥虫单克隆抗体的检测手段。实践证明该方法灵敏度高,特异性强,使用方便。     

泰氏锥虫抗原制备及实验室诊断研究

应用体外培养的泰氏锥虫制备可溶性抗原Ⅰ、抗原Ⅱ和代谢抗原.经测定,其蛋白含量每毫升分别为6.5mg、7.4mg和7.1mg.薄层等电聚焦电泳测定结果表明,抗原Ⅰ出现22条区带,抗原Ⅱ21条区带,代谢抗原28条区带,对照的伊氏锥虫琼脂免疫扩散抗原14条区带.经分析,泰氏锥虫抗原和伊氏锥虫抗原有4条区带在同一迁移率上.琼脂免疫扩散反应中,3种泰氏锥虫抗原均与相应免疫兔血清发生沉淀反应,抗原Ⅰ出现1条致密沉淀线,抗原Ⅱ和代谢抗原出现2～3条沉淀线,抗原效价为1:4～16.免疫电泳显示了类似的结果,抗原Ⅰ与免疫兔血清出现1条弧形沉淀线,抗原Ⅱ和代谢抗原与免疫兔血清出现了3条弧形沉淀线.间接血凝试验结果表明,泰氏锥虫自然感染牛血清效价为1:20～40,免疫兔血清为1:1280～5120.所制泰氏锥虫抗原对伊氏锥虫和媾疫锥虫血清也能很好地发生交叉反应,3份伊氏锥虫病马血清和3份伊氏锥虫人工感染兔血清血凝效价分别为1:10～40和1:8～1024;5份媾疫马血清有4份血凝效价为1:20～320.4份环形泰勒虫病牛血清均为阴性.     

血凝、血凝抑制实验在生产中的应用详解

1血凝实验(HA)、血凝抑制实验(HI)简介一些禽病病毒如新城疫病毒、流感病毒、传染性支气管炎病毒(经浓缩和酶处理后)、腺病毒127株及几种支原体具有凝集红细胞的活性(血凝素-神经酸酶HN蛋白与红细胞表面受体结合)。这种红细胞凝集现象可被特异性免疫血清所抑制,即血凝抑制实验(HI)。用该实验可检测鸡体注苗后抗体应答水平及证实是否曾受感染。HI实验的基本成分是血凝(HA)抗原,系列稀释的血清和红细胞悬液(0·5%~1·0%)。实验可在小试管或微量板(96孔V型板)中进行。生产中一般多用固定抗原稀释血清法(β-法),而很少用固定血清稀释抗原…     

ND和IB的中和试验中血清和抗原稀释配比的探讨

在做中和试验和特异性鉴定时都需用阳性血清,而血清的代价较大,为了节约血清的用量,设想把血清进行稀释后再用,但又要达到完全中和的效果,为此做了以下试验,来找出能完全中和抗原的最少的阳性血清的用量和合理的抗原稀释倍数。1.材料和方法1.1.材料(1)10日龄鸡胚:本厂自孵。(2)Losota苗和H_(120)苗本厂自产。(3)生理盐水:本厂自产。(4)NDV和IBV阳性血清由中监所提供。1.2.试验方法1.2.1.取NDV阳性血清和IBV阳性血清各1ml,加生理盐水进行2倍、4倍、8倍稀释。1.2.2.把Losota苗和H_(120)苗用生理盐水稀释成10~(-3)、10~(-4)。     

猪胸膜肺炎放线杆菌毒素蛋白的表达、纯化及其间接ELISA检测方法的建立与应用

将含有猪胸膜肺炎放线杆菌毒素 基因的质粒 p ET- Apx 转化到大肠杆菌 BL2 1 (DE3)。挑选出表达量最高的克隆子 ,于 37℃经 IPTG诱导表达。对表达条件进行优化 ,并对包涵体进行了提纯和复性。用复性后的蛋白作抗原 ,建立了检测猪传染性胸膜肺炎放线杆菌抗体的间接 EL ISA。试验的最佳反应条件为 :最佳抗原稀释度为 1∶ 1 6 0 ,抗原包被液用 Tris- HCl(p H8.0 ) ,封闭液用含 0 .4 %BSA的 PBST,血清稀释度为 1∶ 4 0 ,二抗稀释度为 1∶ 6 0 0 0 ,稀释液用含0 .4 %BSA的 PBST,血清反应时间为 30 min,二抗反应时间为 4 5 min,底物反应时间为 2 0 m in。与间接血凝 (IHA)检测结果比较 ,建立的 EL ISA诊断方法具有良好的稳定性和可重复性 ,并具有较高的特异性和敏感性。用建立的间接EL ISA对 2 5 0 3份临床送检血清进行了血清流行病学调查 ,结果表明 ,胸膜肺炎放线杆菌抗体的阳性率为 6 3%。     

青霉素酶特异性抗血清间接ELISA方法的建立

以青霉素酶为抗原,免疫健康獭兔,自行制备青霉素酶特异性抗血清(PcAb),并建立间接酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)的测定方法,优化试验条件,测定制备的青霉素酶特异性抗血清效价。结果表面抗原最佳包被浓度为10μg/mL,酶标二抗最佳稀释度为1∶2 000,阳性血清最佳稀释度为1∶2 000,抗原最佳包被条件为4℃过夜,血清最佳反应时间为37℃1 h,酶标二抗反应最佳时间为37℃1 h,与底物作用的最佳时间为20 min。     

鼻气管鸟杆菌间接ELISA检测方法的建立及应用

提取A型鼻气管鸟杆菌(ORT)外膜蛋白,经纯化后包被反应板,通过方阵滴定确定最佳抗原包被浓度、血清稀释倍数、兔抗鸡酶标二抗稀释倍数,建立了检测ORT抗体的间接ELISA方法.经方阵滴定确定最佳抗原包被质量浓度为11.85 mg/L,血清样品稀释倍数为1∶20,兔抗鸡IgG辣根过氧化物酶结合物最佳稀释倍数为1∶1 000,抗原抗体最佳结合时间为1 h,血清与二抗最适反应时间为45 min.试验结果确定的判定标准为:样品D490 nm≥0.639判定为阳性,D490 nm≤0.350判定为阴性,介于两者之间的为可疑.试验证明该方法具有良好的稳定性、重复性和特异性,将205份疑似ORT的鸡血清用本方法进行检测,其阳性检出率为11.7%(24/205).     

用泛影葡胺和DEAE—纤维素分离纯化小白鼠伊氏锥虫

用15％的泛影葡胺汉克氏液(MHS),从感染伊氏锥虫的小白鼠血中,分离出不含或含极少红细胞的锥虫、白细胞和血小板混悬液,再经DEAE—纤维素过柱,得到纯的伊氏锥虫。从取血开始,全部过程在1～1.5小时内完成。血液锥虫的总回收率平均74.2％,回收总虫数为2～12×10~8/鼠。过柱后的锥虫运动正常,以1×10~5～1×10~6接种成年小白鼠,一般在6～10天内死亡。用纯锥虫抗原对10匹试验锥虫病马骡的血清做琼脂扩散和对流免疫电泳试验,与分步远心沉降洗出的粗抗原比较,稀释倍数较高,检出阳性的时间相同,或比粗抗原提前1～2天。本法是把梯度分离和离子交换结合在一起的一种快速有效方法。     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1985

In late December 1985, 1485 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1985 and 44% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 137,300 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 1210 dogs were found with heartworm. Another 36 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number diagnosed in 1985 as 1247 (0.91%).

Heartworm was reported from all provinces except Prince Edward Island, Newfoundland and Saskatchewan but most (1126) of the cases were in Ontario. Southwestern Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection in Canada. From Quebec, 91 cases were reported mostly from and around Montreal. From Manitoba, 19 cases were reported from Winnipeg and surrounding areas. Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 28% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 78% had a history of not having left Canada.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1988

In late November 1988, 1581 small and mixed animal clinics and institutional veterinarians across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1988, and 46% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 181,577 dogs were blood-tested for heartworm disease and 367 dogs were found with D. immitis microfilariae. Another 60 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number of cases diagnosed in 1988 as 441 (0.24%).     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1984

In late December 1984, 1853 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1984 and 35% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 97,794 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 1417 dogs (1.45% of those tested) were found with heartworm. Another 34 dogs were amicrofilaremic, but were diagnosed as having heartworm disease, to give the total number diagnosed in 1984 as 1451 (1.48%). Heartworm was reported from all provinces except Prince Edward Island and Newfoundland but most (1310) of the cases were in Ontario. In Quebec, 126 cases were reported mostly from west of Montreal.

Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 27% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 72% had a history of not having left Canada. Southwestern Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1991

In late November 1991, 1883 clinics in Canada were sent a questionnaire to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in dogs in 1991 and there was a 60.0% response. There were 344,031 dogs tested for heart-worm (HW), 627 were found infected and the prevalence of HW infection was 0.18%. There were 417 dogs with HW in Ontario, 116 in Manitoba, 38 in Quebec, 53 in British Columbia, three in Alberta, and one in Nova Scotia. In British Columbia, all of the infected dogs but one were from the Okanagan valley which, as from 1991, is a new focus of infection in Canada. Most dogs with HW had not been on preventive medication in 1990, and the prevalence among dogs tested and unprotected was 0.59%. That prevalence was considerably higher in endemic areas. Companion dogs, over three years of age and maintained primarily outdoors in rural areas, were most frequently infected. One cat was diagnosed with D. immitis and 33 dogs had Dipetalonema reconditium.     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1989

In late November 1989, 1732 clinics and institutional veterinarians were sent a questionnaire to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis, and 51.7% responded. Of 247,716 dogs tested, 394 had D. immitis microfilariae and 51 were amicrofilaremic for a total of 445 cases and heartworm prevalence of 0.17%. Most (408) of these dogs had no preventive medication and the prevalence among dogs tested and unprotected was 1.01%. That prevalence was considerably higher in endemic areas. Thirty-seven dogs with heartworm had preventive medication. Heartworm was most frequent in companion dogs over three years of age maintained outdoors in rural areas. About 75% of the cases had never left Canada, 26% had clinical signs and 125 were not treated.

Heartworm was reported from British Columbia, Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec, Nova Scotia and Newfoundland, but 383 cases were in Ontario. South-western Ontario was the primary focus of infection. There were 33 cases in Quebec and 24 in Manitoba, mainly found in and around Metropolitan Montreal and Winnipeg respectively.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1987

In late November 1987, 1246 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1987, and 50% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 165,428 dogs were blood tested for heartworm disease and 511 dogs were found with D. immitis microfilariae. Another 78 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number of cases diagnosed in 1987 as 589 (0.35%).     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1986

In late December 1986, 1224 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1986; 46% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 150,989 dogs were blood-tested for microfilariae and 869 dogs were found with heartworm. Another 65 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease and one was found with heartworm at necropsy to give the total number diagnosed in 1986 as 935 (0.62%).

Heartworm was reported from Manitoba, New Brunswick, Ontario and Quebec, but most (810) of the cases were from Ontario. South-western Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection in Canada. There were 103 cases reported from Quebec, mostly from and around Montreal, and 21 cases from Manitoba, from Winnipeg and surrounding areas. Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 33% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 81% had a history of not having left Canada.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1983

In late December 1983, 2 800 veterinarians across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of heartworm disease in Canada in 1983 and 26% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 59 504 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 771 dogs (1.30% of those tested) were found with Dirofilaria immitis. Heartworm disease was diagnosed in all provinces except New Brunswick and Newfoundland but most (733) of the cases were in Ontario.

Heartworm disease was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 31% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 64% had a history of not having left Canada. Southwestern Ontario continues to be the focus of the infection and most of the dogs there had not left the province previously.