铁线莲‘Blekitny Aniol’组织培养及再生体系建立

对铁线莲(Clematis florida‘Blekitny Aniol’)的带芽茎段进行诱导产生无菌苗,并对其叶片和茎段进行愈伤组织诱导成苗的分化研究,成功建立了铁线莲组织培养再生体系。结果表明,带芽茎段诱导腋芽最佳培养基为MS+1mg·L~(-1)6-BA+0.05 mg·L~(-1)NAA,腋芽萌发率为100.0%;茎段诱导愈伤最适宜培养基为MS+2 mg·L~(-1)6-BA+0.01mg·L~(-1)NAA,诱导率为78.3%;叶片诱导愈伤组织最适宜的培养基为MS+1 mg·L~(-1)6-BA+0.1 mg·L~(-1)NAA,诱导率为81.7%;愈伤组织分化的最佳培养基为1/2MS+1 mg·L~(-1)6-BA+0.05 mg·L~(-1)NAA,分化率可达25.0%;最适宜不定芽的增殖培养基为1/2MS+3 mg·L~(-1)6-BA+0.1 mg·L~(-1)NAA,增殖倍数为4.94;筛选出最优的生根培养基组合为1/2MS+0.05 mg·L~(-1)NAA,生根率为70.2%。本研究将为铁线莲的推广应用提供参考,也为其他铁线莲属植物引种和开发利用奠定了基础。     

扁穗牛鞭草再生体系的建立

以‘雅安'扁穗牛鞭草(Hemarthria compressa)的幼茎和幼叶为外植体,通过胚性愈伤组织建立扁穗牛鞭草的高效再生体系。结果表明:幼叶比幼茎更适合建立再生体系,最佳诱导培养基为MS+2,4-D 1.0 mg·L~(-1),幼叶和幼茎的出愈率分别为100%和86.96%。最佳分化培养基和不定芽增殖培养基均是MS+6-BA 1.0 mg·L~(-1)+NAA 0.2 mg·L~(-1),愈伤分化率分别为100%和72.90%,再生苗增殖系数可达18.6。1/2 MS是最适宜的生根培养基,生根率达100%。     

大花红景天外植体筛选及愈伤组织诱导研究

以大花红景天种子为材料进行无菌苗培养,筛选和优化最佳外植体和愈伤组织诱导培养基,为大花红景天快速繁殖提供理论依据。大花红景天无菌苗培养基为1/2MS,pH5.4,置于湿度75±2%,光照强度2 000lx,光照12h(20±1℃)∶黑暗12h(10℃±1℃)环境中培养;最佳外植体为根颈顶端组织;愈伤组织形成最佳培养基为MS+1.5mg·L~(-1) 2,4-二氯苯氧乙酸(2,4-D),1.5mg·L~(-1 )6-苄氨基嘌呤(6-BA),0.5mg·L~(-1)6-糠基氨基嘌呤(KT),0.2mg·L~(-1)吲哚-3-乙酸(IAA),置于湿度75±2%,光照强度2 000lx,光照8h(20±1℃)∶黑暗16h(10±1℃)环境中培养,出愈率最高可达95%。本试验获得大花红景天最佳的无菌苗培养条件,根颈顶端组织最佳外植体,优化愈伤组织诱导培养基,提高了诱导率,适宜在低海拔条件下进行快速诱导大花红景天的愈伤组织和植株再生,为大花红景天快速繁殖和规模化生产提供了依据。     

多花黑麦草特高和多年生黑麦草四季高频组培再生体系的优化与建立

对在贵州地区广泛种植的多花黑麦草特高(Lolium multiflorum‘Tetragold’)和多年生黑麦草四季(L.perenne‘Four seasons’)的成熟种子进行了愈伤组织诱导及植株再生的研究,建立了两个品种的胚性愈伤组织高频诱导与再生体系。结果表明,剥去成熟种子的颖壳,切除1/3胚乳端,将特高接种于CC+7mg·L~(-1) 2,4-D+0.5mg·L~(-1) 6-BA、四季接种于CC+5mg·L~(-1) 2,4-D+0.5 mg·L~(-1) 6-BA的培养基中,在明显降低组培污染率的同时,能分别得到65.52%和63.55%的最高愈伤组织诱导率;将两个品种诱导出的愈伤组织转移在MS+0.5 mg·L~(-1) 2,4-D+0.5mg·L~(-1) 6-BA+1.25mg·L~(-1) CuSO4+1.0g·L~(-1) CH的继代培养基上,能促进质量较好的Ⅱ型胚性愈伤组织的形成;根据后续转化试验所选用的植物表达载体pCAMBIA 1300的抗性特点,30~40mg·L~(-1)的潮霉素是两个品种愈伤组织最佳的筛选剂和临界浓度;特高的胚性愈伤组织接种在MS+2.0 mg·L~(-1) 6-BA+0.5 mg·L~(-1) NAA+0.1mg·L~(-1) TDZ的培养基上,可以产生86.37%的最高分化率,四季的胚性愈伤组织接种在MS+6.0 mg·L~(-1) 6-BA+0.3mg·L~(-1) NAA+5.0mg·L~(-1) KT的培养基上,能得到85.40%的最高分化率;生根培养基1/2MS+0.5 mg·L~(-1)NAA+0.5mg·L~(-1) IAA能让两个品种分化出的不定芽形成100%的生根率;以腐殖土∶蛭石∶砂壤土=1∶1∶1的混合材料作为营养土,能保证组培再生苗达到99%以上的成活率。优化建立的高频组培再生体系为下一步的遗传转化奠定了基础。     

芦竹属新材料绿洲3号的愈伤组织诱导

为了诱导愈伤组织,本研究以绿洲3号(Arundo)为试验材料,分别以NaClO(商品名为安替福民)和HgCl2(升汞)对其茎段进行消毒,然后取无菌茎段及从无菌茎段长出来的幼芽和幼叶为外植体,利用不同浓度的激素及1.0g·L~(-1)聚乙烯吡咯烷酮对外植体进行愈伤组织诱导。结果表明,以0.1%HgCl_2溶液消毒18min的消毒效果最佳,污染率为13%;而NaClO不能有效地消毒,且对茎段有一定的毒害作用。以MS+0.5 mg·L~(-1) 6-BA+1.0g·L~(-1) PVP+3.0mg·L~(-1) 2,4-D培养基配方的诱导效果最佳,且3种外植体中愈伤组织最难诱导的为幼叶,其次是茎段,最易诱导的为幼芽。其中,1.0g·L~(-1) PVP能显著促进芽诱导率,使得出愈率达到100%。     

火龙果愈伤组织诱导及再生体系的建立

为建立稳定、快速、高效的火龙果再生体系,以金都1号火龙果不同成熟度的茎段为外植体,探讨不同激素浓度配比、培养条件等对其愈伤组织及不定芽发生的影响。结果表明: 幼芽茎段和幼嫩茎段较适宜作为火龙果的诱导外植体。诱导率明显高于成熟茎段的诱导率。幼嫩茎段诱导愈伤组织最适合的培养基是MS +TDZ 0.6 mg/L + KT 0.8 mg/L +2,4-D 1.0 mg/L,诱导率是81.7%,不定芽再生率达到36%,幼芽茎段诱导的愈伤组织培养基为MS +6BA2.0mg/L +2,4-D 1.0 mg/L,诱导率高达91.7% 愈伤组织诱导不定芽的培养基为MS+NAA 0.2mg/L+6-BA 2.0 mg/L,生根诱导最适培养基为MS+6-BA1.0mg/L     

黄花苜蓿花药培养再生体系的建立与单倍体鉴定

花药组织培养再生体系的构建是单倍体育种的重要途径之一。本研究对呼伦贝尔黄花苜蓿(Medicago falcate‘Hulunbeier’)进行了花药组织培养研究并建立了花药组培再生体系。结果显示,液体悬浮培养基比固体培养基更适合呼伦贝尔黄花苜蓿花药愈伤组织的培养,其愈伤形成的培养条件为B5培养基+0.5 mg·L~(-1) 2,4-D+0.25 mg·L~(-1) 6-BA+0.4mg·L~(-1) NAA+3.0mg·L~(-1) KT;分化培养基为MS+1.0mg·L~(-1) 2,4-D+0.5mg·L~(-1) 6-BA+2%蔗糖+0.7%琼脂;生根培养基为1/2MS+0.1mg·L~(-1) NAA+2%蔗糖+0.7%琼脂;获得的再生植株经流式细胞仪鉴定,其单倍体比例高达27%。     

唐古特白刺组织培养及其培养基筛选研究

本试验选用唐古特白刺幼嫩茎段和叶片作为材料,研究白刺不同外植体的离体培养技术及其适宜的培养基。结果表明,白刺带芽嫩茎是诱导丛生芽的良好外植体,恒温20℃以下,可有效降低白刺丛生芽初代培养污染严重的程度;叶片是诱导愈伤组织的良好外植体,且低浓度生长素2,4-D培养基较高浓度培养基形成的白刺愈伤组织致密,也不易褐化。白刺的最适增殖、壮芽培养基为MS+6-BA 2 mg/L+NAA 1.00 mg/L,而且是以腋芽形成丛生芽的方式进行增殖的;最适生根培养基是1/2 MS+KT 1 mg/L+IBA 0.5 mg/L;形成愈伤组织较好的培养基是MS+2,4-D 0.5～1.0 mg/L。     

地被菊‘紫妍’和‘纽9722’的再生体系建立

本研究以地被菊(Chrysanthemum morifolium)两个品种‘紫妍’和‘纽9722’带腋芽的无菌茎段为外植体,在基本培养基中添加不同浓度的6-BA和NAA诱导叶片分化、茎段增殖以及继代生根,进行两个品种的再生体系建立。结果表明,利用2%NaClO对‘紫妍’和‘纽9722’适宜消毒时间分别为6、8min;诱导‘紫妍’叶片不定芽再生的最适培养基是MS+6-BA 2.0mg·L-1+NAA 1.0mg·L-1,愈伤组织诱导率为100%,分化率为92.22%,出芽数为7.60;‘纽9722’叶片不定芽再生的最适培养基是MS+6-BA 2.0mg·L-1+NAA 0.5mg·L-1,愈伤组织诱导率为100%,但分化率仅为45.59%;‘纽9722’茎段增殖的最适培养基是MS+6-BA 2.0 mg·L-1+NAA 0.5mg·L-1,增殖系数高达10.05;‘紫妍’生根的最适培养基是1/2 MS+NAA 0.2 mg·L-1,生根率为100%,生根系数为15.50;‘纽9722’生根的最适培养基为1/2 MS+NAA 0.3mg·L-1,生根率为100%,生根系数为14.87,移栽成活率均为100%。     

芡欧鼠尾草的组织培养和快速繁殖

以芡欧鼠尾草(Salvia hispanica)成熟种子为外植体,1/2MS为基本培养基,研究不同浓度的外源激素对愈伤组织的诱导、增殖和生根的影响,从而初步建立了芡欧鼠尾草组织培养的快速繁殖体系。结果表明,诱导种子愈伤组织的最适宜培养基为1/2MS+10.0mg·L~(-1) 6-BA+1.0mg·L~(-1) NAA+0.4mg·L~(-1) ZT,诱导率为66.5%;不定芽增殖的最适培养基为1/2MS+3.0mg·L~(-1) 6-BA+0.5mg·L~(-1) NAA,增殖倍数为7.69;生根的最适培养基为1/2MS+0.5mg·L~(-1) NAA,生根率达100%,平均生根数为5.68;移栽后植株生长良好,成活率较高,达97%。     

白术、微米白术和白术多糖对断奶仔猪生长性能和肠道形态及微生态区系的影响

试验选用96头平均体重14.82 kg左右的杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分成4组,每组3栏,每栏8头(公母各半)。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖和1%微米白术。试验期30 d。结果表明:在生长性能方面,与对照组相比,1%微米白术添加组可显著提高日增重(P0.05)、降低饲料增重比和腹泻率,而且效果优于1%80目白术组和0.2%白术多糖组,在肠道形态和肠道微生态区系方面,与对照组相比,日粮添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖、1%微米白术均可不同程度的提高十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度,加深十二指肠和空肠的隐窝深度,并且增加肠道微生态区系的多样性,其中以1%微米白术添加组的效果最佳。     

Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia

Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal (GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April 2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes. But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia.     

Internal Parasites and Haematological Values in Cattle Slaughtered in Buea Subdivision of Cameroon

Tropical Animal Health and Production -     

Phase I evaluation of CCNU (lomustine) in tumor-bearing cats

1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.     

Chemotaxis of macrophage in inflammation

Our particular attention in this article was given to natural mediators for macrophages isolated from the sites of tissue injury. A number of chemotactic factors, which may satisfy many criteria making them acceptable as inflammatory leucocyte chemotactic factors, has been separated. Among them, our laboratory has isolated three macrophage (monocyte) chemotactic factors (MCF-a, -b and -c). Their purification, characterization and functional specificity are discussed.     

Prevalence of gastric lesions in racing Alaskan sled dogs

Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large.     

Y‐chromosomal variation of local goat breeds of Turkey close to the domestication centre

Genetic variations in chromosome Y are enabling researchers to identify paternal lineages, which are informative for introgressions and migrations. In this study, the male‐specific region markers, sex‐determining region‐Y (SRY), amelogenin (AMELY) and zinc finger (ZFY) were analysed in seven Turkish native goat breeds, Angora, Kilis, Hair, Honaml?, Norduz, Gürcü and Abaza. A SNP in the ZFY gene defined a new haplotype Y2C. All domestic haplogroups originate from Capra aegagrus, while the finding of Y1A, Y1B, Y2A and Y2C in 32, 4, 126 and 2 Turkish domestic goats, respectively, appears to indicate a predomestic origin of the major haplotypes. The occurrence of four haplotypes in the Hair goat and, in contrast, a frequency of 96% of Y1A in the Kilis breed illustrate that Y‐chromosomal variants have a more breed‐dependent distribution than mitochondrial or autosomal DNA. This probably reflects male founder effects, but a role in adaptation cannot be excluded.     

Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects

Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.     

Changes in proportion of canine urinary calculi composed of calcium oxalate or struvite in specimens analyzed from 1981 through 2001

The objective of this report was to characterize 20-year changes in proportion of calcium oxalate (CaOx) calculi and struvite calculi in dogs, and associations with breed, age, and sex. In this retrospective study, results of analysis of urinary calculi from dogs were reviewed for specimens received between July 1, 1981, and December 31, 2001. Breed, sex, age, year of submission of the specimen, and mineral type(s) were analyzed statistically. CaOx or Struvite or both were contained in 18,966 of 20,884 (91%) specimens. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant increase was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained CaOx. The increase in this proportion was greater in females (1% to 31%) than in males (18% to 82%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions may have plateaued, the odds of specimens containing CaOx were markedly higher in 18 breeds, markedly lower in 5 breeds, and not significantly different in 13 breeds compared with crossbreds. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant decrease was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained struvite. This decrease in proportion was greater for males (79-16%) than for females (97-68%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions plateaued, the odds of calculi containing struvite were markedly lower in 20 breeds, markedly higher in 1 breed, and not significantly different in 15 breeds when compared with crossbreds. Breed, age, and sex were associated statistically with CaOx or struvite urolithiasis. In conclusion, there appears to have been a long-term increase in the proportion of specimens of canine urinary calculi that contain CaOx as well as a long-term decrease in the proportion of specimens of calculi that contain struvite for both male and female dogs. The rate of change appeared to begin leveling off in the period 1998 to 2001. The recent proportion of dogs with either CaOx- or struvite-associated urolithiasis may depend on breed, age, and sex, and on interactions among these 3 factors.     

Smart Phone Assisted City-scale Wireless Sensor Network Deployment for Transportation System Monitoring

<正>1.INTRODUCTION Ensuring transportation network security is one Of the most daunting challenges confronting homeland security agencies today.Significant research has been dedicated.To model and analyze the vulnerability of transportation systems,while notably fewer studies propose specific strategies for deploying defensive technologies to safeguard these systems.