美丽胡枝子种子硬实破除方法探讨

美丽胡枝子种子硬实率高达95.3%,需进行种子处理。试验采用浓硫酸不同酸蚀时间、不同温度热水和砂纸磨擦等方法处理种子,综合考虑各指标对种子萌发的影响,结果表明:浓硫酸处理15~25min为宜,发芽率达到95%以上;100℃热水处理发芽率达到98.2%。     

赤霉素和浓硫酸对单面针种子萌发的影响

对单面针种子进行赤霉素和浓硫酸浸种处理以及湿沙层积催芽试验,结果表明,赤霉素浸种处理对单面针种子萌发具有明显的促进作用。与清水浸种的对照相比,萌发率显著提高,萌发时间显著提早,用1 000~2 000 mg/L赤霉素溶液浸种6-72 h,萌发率比对照提高15个百分点以上,其中以1 000 mg/L浸种48h的萌发率最高,达85%,以1 000 mg/L浸种72 h的萌发率较低,但也达到46%,萌发高峰期出现在处理后的52-90天期间;而对照处理的萌发率最高只有31%,多数低于30%,萌发高峰出现较晚,到128天时萌发仍处高峰期,萌发缓慢,整齐度不高。单面针种子先用80%浓硫酸浸泡处理3.5 min后,再用1 000 mg/L赤霉素溶液浸泡处理6 h、12 h、24 h、48 h和72 h,各处理的萌发率均不超过8%,萌发活动主要发生在处理后的52天之前,之后一直至128天未发现萌发的种子。研究表明,在实际的单面针育苗生产中,单独使用赤霉素浸种处理比使用浓硫酸和赤霉素组合浸种处理的方法较为简便、实用。     

浓硫酸和热水处理对铁刀木种子发芽的影响

用浓硫酸和热水处理铁刀木种子,结果表明,浓硫酸浸种6 min种子萌发效果最好,种子吸水膨胀率、发芽率和发芽势分别为99.8%9、0.0%和66.3%,比对照分别提高96、23和34个百分点;发芽指数为22.5,比对照提高1 530.4%;种子萌发天数、平均发芽速度分别为4天、1.41天,比对照降低92.3%9、3.4%。浓硫酸浸种10 min次之,热水处理种子效果不理想。     

红豆树育苗技术探讨

通过对红豆树种子采取不同催芽处理方式进行育苗对比试验,结果表明:红豆树种子在播种前进行破皮+冷水浸泡处理,发芽率明显高于不进行催芽处理和单用60℃温水浸泡处理的种子,分别高出87.8%和41.9%;在出土时间上,破皮+冷水浸泡处理的种子比不处理和单用60℃温水浸泡处理的种子要早,分别早了24d和11d;发芽结束时间上,破皮+冷水浸泡处理的种子比不处理和单用60℃温水浸泡处理的种子少63d和30d;平均苗高分别高出29.2%和11.2%。     

不同处理对神黄豆种子发芽的影响

用剪刀剪、锉子锉、与瓜子石混搓等机械处理法以及用5%氢氧化钾、98%浓硫酸等化学处理法对神黄豆种子进行预处理,3倍种子体积沸水浸泡并自然冷却浸种48 h,观察并统计种子吸胀粒数、种皮破裂数后置床进行发芽测定。结果表明,除与瓜子石混搓处理外,其余处理均能促进种子吸水膨胀,显著提高神黄豆种子发芽率。其中以98%浓硫酸浸泡2 h处理效果最好,其吸胀率达98.0%、发芽率最高,达88.3%,吸胀破皮率、不正常发芽率均为0%;其次是锉子锉处理效果好,其吸胀率达99.0%,发芽率可达84.7%,吸胀破皮率、不正常发芽率均为0%;用5%氢氧化钾进行浸泡处理,对种子发芽有一定的促进作用,但发芽不整齐,发芽速度慢,处理14 d吸胀率为59.7%、发芽率最高为48.0%;与瓜子石混搓处理效果相对较差,对神黄豆种子发芽的促进作用不明显,吸胀率为5.0%、发芽率为5.0%。     

预处理对巴西盾柱木种子吸涨、活力测试及其加速老化的影响

对巴西盾柱木(Peltophorum dubium)种子进行了4种处理的吸胀实验,即将种子分别置于10℃和27℃下0.2% Captan溶液中和-1.0MPa的PEG6000溶液中,每个处理有四个重复,40粒种子,置于培养皿中浸满实验溶液的双层过滤纸上,覆以透气良好的薄膜.种子在实验前均用98%的浓硫酸处理15分钟以打破机械休眠.吸胀曲线显示,种子在吸胀过程中最终重量的增加值为70%-150%,以后进入一个停滞期.在5种处理下(对照组,PEG6000溶液中10℃和27℃下预处理,Captan溶液中10℃和27℃下预处理),对种子萌发所受到的影响进行了实验.每一个处理分别进行3个次级处理,即在实验前,将种子用蒸馏水分别浸泡12、24和36小时.萌发率最高的是经过蒸馏水浸泡12小时对照组种子和PEG 27℃组的种子,萌发率达到100%;萌发率最低的是蒸馏水中浸泡36小时的PEG 27℃组的种子,萌发率为52%;经过蒸馏水浸泡24小时的PEG 10℃组种子的平均萌发时间为1.08天.蒸馏水中浸泡12小时的PEG 27℃组种子平均萌发时间为2.42天,其它处理的萌发时间值介于两者之间.对预处理和未经预处理种子通过加速老化实验,对其活力和生存力进行了测试.经72小时加速老化,种子萌发率低或没有萌发力.对照组种子在培养皿(27℃)和室温条件下蛭石中的萌发率都比处理组高,表现了对老化更强的抗性.     

浸泡和冷预处理对喜马拉雅长叶松不同种源种子萌发的作用

对喜马拉雅长叶松种子进行24小时GA3和H2O2浸泡预处理和15d的2-3℃低温预处理后,研究了在20℃,25℃和30℃萌发条件下,21个不同种源的喜马拉雅长叶松种子的萌发情况。结果表明,H2O2（1%v/v）和GA3（10mg/L）浸泡预处理,种子萌发率分别是82.39%和78.19%,而未经预处理的种子平均萌发率为70.79%。GA3和H2O2浸泡预处理分别使种子萌发时间缩短了8d和10d。在超过21天的20℃萌发条件下,湿冷处理提高了种子萌发率和缩短了萌发时间 而在25℃和30℃萌发条件下,总的萌发率未受到影响。喜马拉雅长叶松种子因缺少休眠而表现出很好的萌发,但是因为越来越多的造林项目需要大量的种子,播种预处理有利于提高种子萌发率和萌发速率,有助于满足种子需求。     

几种处理条件对舞草种子萌发的研究

本文研究了温度、浓硫酸浸种、温水浸种、细沙摩擦等处理方法对舞草种子萌发的影响。结果表明 :舞草种子在自然条件下萌发率很低 ,萌发的适宜温度为 2 0～30℃ ;各处理均能显著提高种子萌发率 ,浓硫酸浸种能减少萌发时间。方差分析表明 ,经上述方法处理后 ,所长出的幼根、幼芽的长度与对照相比没有显著差异 ,即所采用的处理方法对种子萌发没有产生不利影响。     

胡枝子属种子萌发特性试验

以8个种子样品(种、种源)的胡枝子种子进行热水处理、浓硫酸酸蚀处理,探索破除种子硬实促进萌发的适合方法。结果表明:胡枝子种子千粒质量越小则硬实率越高,浓硫酸酸蚀处理较热水浸泡处理能显著提高胡枝子种子发芽率与发芽整齐度。应根据种子大小确定种子酸蚀处理时间,分别为小粒种子(截叶胡枝子)适合处理时间为10 min以下、中粒种子(中华胡枝子、达乌里胡枝子、多花胡枝子)为10～15 min、大粒种子(二色胡枝子、美丽胡枝子)15～20 min。     

浓硫酸和沸水浸泡对黑荆树种子无菌萌发的影响

以黑荆树种子为材料,研究了浓硫酸和沸水处理对种子无菌萌发的影响。结果表明:沸水浴20 min的处理效果最好,培养20天萌发率为99.20%。沸水浴10 min最终的萌发率为95.77%,与沸水浴20min差异不显著。浓硫酸15 min+沸水浴20 min接种于培养基上的种子萌发迅速,第5天萌发率即可达87.57%,培养20天为91.67%。撒播和胚根向下两种接种方式最终的萌发率差异不显著。实际工作中以沸水浴处理10 min或20 min后撒播于培养基上即可,萌发时间较短,萌发率和整齐度均较高,而且操作起来安全、简便。     

Effects of pre-sowing treatments on seed germination of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Melia azedarach</Emphasis>

A germination experiment of pre-treated seeds of Melia azedarach was conducted in the nursery of Forestry and Wood Technology Discipline, Khulna University, Bangladesh. Matured seeds of Melia azedarach were collected from healthy trees of National Botanical Garden, Bangladesh and were treated with five pre-sowing treatments (control, immersion in cold water, immersion in hot water, scarification with sand paper, and immersion in concentrated H₂SO₄) on seed germination. Results revealed that the germination rates of pre-sowing treated seeds were significantly increased compared to those in control, except for cold water treatment. The highest germination success (80%) was found in scarification with sand paper, followed by 74% and 69% in immersion in H₂SO₄ and hot water treatment, respectively. Germination started on 8–11 days and completed on 20–21 days of the germination period in all cases. Analysis of variance showed the significance difference in germination success among the treatments but no significance difference in germination period among the treatment. Hot water treatment may be recommended on seed germination of the species in rural Bangladesh.     

不同种源苦楝种子形态特征和播种品质差异研究

本研究以苦楝自然分布区内8个种源的种子为研究对象,对种子形态特征和播种品质等生物学特性进行了测定,结果如下：（1）苦楝种子大小存在显著的产地差异,不同种源苦楝种子纵径、横径、纵横径比及千粒重差异均达0．01极显著水平。（2）不同种源苦楝种子发芽率均较高,变幅为50％～81％,平均发芽率为65％,变异系数为15％;发芽指数变化幅度为1．531—2．919,变异系数为19．45％;活力指数变幅为0．054～0．330,变异系数达56．64％。（3）综合种子形态指标和播种品质指标可以分析得出福建平潭,陕西杨凌、广西武鸣、安徽歙县等种源种子品质较好,湖北黄冈种源种子品质较差。     

Effect of different pre-sowing treatments on seed germination percentage and growth performance of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Acacia auriculiformis</Emphasis>

Seed morphology, germination and seedlings growth of Acacia auriculiformis were studied. The experiment was conducted in the nursery of Forestry and Wood Technology Discipline, Khulna University, Bangladesh. Matured seeds of the species were collected from healthy trees of road side plantation from different areas of Khulna District, Bangladesh and treated with five pre-sowing treatments (control, immersion in cold water, immersion in hot water, scarification with sand paper and immersion in concentrated H₂SO₄). The average length, breadth and thickness were found to be (0.58±0.017) cm, (0.44±0.007) cm and (0.20±0.089) cm, respectively. Germination was conducted in polybags with a mixture of top soil, coconut husk, coarse sand, and fine sand in a ratio of 3:4:1:1. Results reveal that pre-sowing treatments influences the germination rates of seeds that significantly increase the percentage germination compared with those in control (43%) and cold water treatment (52%). The highest germination success rate was found 83% in hot water treatment followed by 78% in scarification with sand paper, and 75% with immersion in H₂SO₄. Germination started from 7 to 12 days and completed between 28 and 35 days period in all treatments. ANOVA showed the significant difference (p<0.05) among the treatments in seed germination, but no significant difference among treatment with regard to starting day, closing day and total germination period. In case of height and diameter growth, seedlings originated from the seeds with hot water treatment shows significantly higher in wet season (from May to July). Hot water treatment can be recommended on seed germination of the species in rural Bangladesh.     

Effects of variation in seed sources and pre-sowing treatments on seed germination of Tamarindus indica: a multi-purpose tree species in Bangladesh

We investigated the morphology and germination of Tamarindus indica seeds in order to discover the effects of variation in seed sources and pre-sowing treatments on germination. The experiment was carried out in the nursery of the Forestry and Wood Technology Discipline, Khulna University, Bangladesh. Seeds were collected from different but healthy trees from various locations in Bangladesh and subjected to four pre-sowing treatments, i.e., control, immersion in cold water (4°C for 24 h), immersion in hot water (80°C for 10 min) and scarification with sand paper. Seed germination was carried out in poly-bags with a mixture of topsoil and cow dung in the ratio of 3:1. The average length of the fresh seeds was 1.35±0.26 cm, their width 1.07 ±0.20 cm and thickness 0.69±0.11 cm. The results revealed that pre-sowing treatments affected the germination process of seeds, which significantly increased the germination percentage with the cold water (81.67%) and scarification with sand paper (82.33%) treatments, compared with those in the control (58.33%) and hot water treatment (59.00%). In all treatments germination started on average within 5 to 7 days after the start of the treatments and were completed from 13 to 19 days later. The greatest success in germination (82.33%) was found in scarification with sand paper, followed with 81.67% in the cold water treatment. The results of analyses of variance (ANOVA) showed significant differences (p<0.05) in germination closing dates, seed germination periods and germination percentages among the treatments but no significant difference among seed sources. However, the effect of the interaction between seed source variation and pre-treatment differed significantly in seed germination closing dates and germination percentages. We recommend cold water treatment (submersion of seed at a temperature of 4°C for a 24-h period) for seed germination of T. indica in rural Bangladesh.     

寿宁县不同海拔高度苦楝生长效应分析

采用单因素随机区组设计,在寿宁县境内选择立地条件基本一致的不同海拔茶园抛荒地进行苦楝造林试验。通过对4年生苦楝人工林的生长状况调查表明:不同海拔高度对苦楝人工林的造林成活率和保存率的影响不显著,对平均胸径、树高、立木材积的影响均达极显著水平。海拔高度是影响苦楝生长的重要因子之一,在海拔高度700 m以下,苦楝人工林的平均胸径、树高生长量大,立木材积产量高,林分长势良好;海拔高度超过700 m,则林分长势差。     

雨豆树播种前预处理对种子发芽和种苗发育的影响

播种前对雨豆树(Albizia saman (Jacq.) F. Muell.)的种子进行了5 种预先处理,研究种子预先处理对种子发芽和苗圃种苗发育的影响。实验是在孟加拉吉大港大学林业与环境研究所的苗圃进行。研究结果表明,在种子末端修剪(处理4)提高种子发芽率50%,在冷水中浸泡24 小时(处理1)提高种子发芽率42%,在开水中浸30 秒后再在冷水中浸泡24 小时(处理2),种子发芽完全被抑制。处理4 和处理1 的种子发芽率、种苗初期形态生长和生物量都明显高于对照组。因此,这2 种播种前的种子预处理方法,可用于提高雨豆树种子发芽率和促进早期壮苗生长。图2 表3 参30。     

Effect of pre-sowing treatments on germination and initial seedling development of Albizia saman in the nursery

Albizia saman （Jacq.） F. Muell. commonly known as rain tree seeds were treated with five pre-sowing treatments to study the effect of pre-sowing treatments on germination and initial seedling development in the nursery.The experiment was established in the nursery of the Institute of Forestry and Environmental Sciences.University of Chittagong, Chittagong, Bangladesh. Results revealed that Nail clipping in one side of the seed （at the distal end of the seed） （T4） provides the highest （50%） seed germination. The second highest germination （42%） was obtained for the seeds treated with immersion in cold water for 24 h （T1）. Germination was completely inhibited when the seeds immersed in boiled water for 30 s followed in cold water soaking for 24 h. Other germination parameter and initial morphological growth and biomass production of the seedlings was also higher for the treatments T4and Ti in comparison to the control （Ta）treatment. Pre-sowing treatments of T4 e.g. Nail clipping in one side of the seed （at the distal end of the seed） and T1 （Seeds immersed in cold water for 24 h） may be recommended for maximum germination and initial vigorous seedlings growth of Albizia sarnan in the nursery.     

苦楝家系生长性状相关分析与单株选育

以河南省国有温县苗圃试验地6个种源的180个家系的实生苦楝为研究对象进行生长性状差异性分析。结果表明,180个家系间胸径、树高和冠幅差异极显著;6个种源间胸径和树高差异极显著。对试验地现存的苦楝个体生长性状进行相关分析,结果表明,树高与胸径、枝下高、冠幅,胸径和冠幅表现出极显著相关。对苦楝180个家系进行选优,共选出32个优良家系,其中渭南种源12个,郑州种源15个,兰考种源2个,新乡种源3个。对1211株苦楝个体进行无性系选优,共选出90株优良无性系苦楝,选中的家系和个体可用于下一步的选优选育。     

苦楝叶片的光合特性研究

利用LI-6400便携式光合作用测定仪对苦楝叶片光合特性进行研究。结果表明:苦楝净光合速率日变化呈双峰曲线,有明显的光合午休现象,最高峰出现在12:00,最大净光合速率为5.63μmol/m2.s,光饱和点为1300μmol/m2.s,光补偿点为34.9μmol/m2.s,表观量子效率为0.1031,CO2补偿点为78.5μmol/mol,羧化效率为0.0332。其光饱和点较高、光补偿点低,表明它是一种既有一定的耐荫能力,又能适应较强的阳光辐射,对光适应幅度较宽的植物。     

楝树嫁接育苗试验及影响因素分析

对楝树进行的不同嫁接方法、不同嫁接时间和对接穗采集时间及其处理不同的多水平试验结果表明,采用冬前采集经沙藏的接穗,在芽萌动膨大期运用芽接法嫁接育苗方法可行,培育出的苗木成活率高,可以在楝树无性苗木繁殖中推广应用。统计分析表明：接穗采集时间及处理因素在0．05检验水平上差异显著。