豫西地区小尾寒羊的饲养方式及农户适度饲养规模的研究

本文采用典型调查法,就小尾寒羊在豫西地区的饲养方式及农户适度饲养规模进行了评定.结果表明,在海拔400m以下的丘陵地区或牧坡陡峭的山区宜采用舍饲,在丘陵和浅山区宜采用半舍饲的饲养方式.根据对比分析,豫西地区农户小尾寒羊的最佳饲养规模为每个劳动力可平均饲养成年母羊4～6只,其年末最佳存栏量为2～3只成年母羊.     

豫西地区小尾寒羊的饲养方式及农户和适度饲养规模的研究

本文采用典型调查法，就小尾寒羊在豫西地区的饲养方式及农户适度饲养规模进行了评定，结果表明，在海拔400m以下的的丘陵地区或牧坡陡销的山区宜采用舍饲，在丘陵和浅山区宜采用兰舍饲的饲养方式。根据对比分析，豫西地区农户小尾寒羊的最佳饲养规模为每个劳动力可平均饲养成年母羊4－6只，其年末最存栏量为2－3只成年母羊。     

小尾寒羊饲养管理浅谈（二）

三、适度规模养殖。繁育场和育肥场按其设计而定。农户的饲养,根据我县实践和梁山县的经验,每户饲养2～5只为宜。根据农户饲养能力而定,克服盲目追求数量不注重经济效益的做法。 四、多种形式饲养。应根据各地的饲养条件和饲养习惯而定,目前农村主要有以下三种形式: 1.圈养。也叫做舍饲,是小尾寒羊的主要饲养形式。城郊区没有草场的地区采用此种方法,不分昼夜将羊圈在舍内饲养,利用青干牧草或青贮氨化饲料,搭配适量精料,定时定量饲喂,每日喂三次,冬天夜长可补饲夜草一次,一般是先喂精料,后喂粗饲料,吃饱为宜,同时给     

不同饲养方式对阿尔巴斯白绒山羊瘤胃发酵功能的影响

通过饲养试验、屠宰试验,研究不同饲养方式对阿尔巴斯白绒山羊成年母羊瘤胃发酵功能的影响,从而为科学制定阿尔巴斯白绒山羊成年母羊育肥方案和提高经济效益提供理论依据。采用单因子完全试验设计,将60只年龄、体重相近的淘汰成年母羊随机分为2组,每组30只。一组为对照组,在天然草场进行自然放牧育肥;一组为试验组,完全舍饲育肥,日粮采用全混合饲喂,每天饲喂2次,自由采食,育肥期60 d。在试验结束时,分别从对照组和试验组中选择6只羊进行宰后采集瘤胃液,测定pH值,氨氮(NH3-N)浓度、菌体蛋白(BCP)浓度和挥发性脂肪酸(VFA)含量。结果表明,与自然放牧饲养相比,完全舍饲饲养可显著降低阿尔巴斯白绒山羊成年母羊瘤胃液pH值（P<0.05）,但能显著增加瘤胃液的NH3-N浓度（P<0.05）、BCP浓度(P<0.05)和VFA浓度(P<0.05),而对于乙酸/丙酸无显著影响(P>0.05)。完全舍饲饲养可以促进阿尔巴斯白绒山羊成年母羊的瘤胃发酵功能。     

小尾寒羊在豫西地区的饲养管理

小尾寒羊是劳动人民长期选育的一个地方优良绵羊品种。小尾寒羊素以早熟多胎、四季发情、可全年配种产羔、体格高大、早期生长发育快、肉质好、适应性好而著称。豫西地区自然地理特征是丘陵山地，全区天然草场面积大，同时野草树叶资源丰富，加上农作物秸秆等资源，是发展养羊生产的适宜地区。现结合豫西地区的实际和几年来的饲养实践，提出小尾寒羊在豫西地区的饲养管理技术，以便在生产中参考应用。 　　一、小尾寒羊的饲养技术 　　(一 )种公羊的饲养 配种期的公羊应采用牵牧或系牧，并远离母羊群。饲料种类应多样化，每天的饲料定额为…     

泌乳母羊舍饲饲养试验

为探索农区枯草季节饲养泌乳母羊的方法，进行舍饲饲养试验。试验结果：舍饲组泌乳平羊及羔羊的日增重分别比放牧组泌乳母羊及羔羊提高１８１．７０％、９６．２５％，差异极显著（Ｐ＜０．０１）；期内，放牧组母羊发病５只，死亡２只，羔羊发病７只，死亡４只，而舍饲组，、对照组母子羊无发病和死亡；舍饲泌乳线羊日补代谢能１１．１３５ＭＪ，可消化粗蛋白４９．８３ｇ，效果良好，对照组母羊（非泌乳母羊）补为舍饲组的一半是，     

小尾寒羊饲养管理技术(下)

4 2　繁殖母羊的饲养管理　母羊担负着配种、怀孕、哺乳等项繁殖任务 ,要根据母羊不同的生理时期 ,采取相应的饲养措施。尤其母羊到了怀孕后期胎儿生长发育加快 ,母羊本身也需要积蓄大量养分 ,小尾寒羊又属多胎高产羊 ,所以饲养上应特别精心。放牧时 ,不要随大群远牧 ,要以舍饲为主 ,每天供给混合精料 0 3～ 0 5ｋｇ。冬春季供干草 1 5ｋｇ ,青贮或多汁料 1ｋｇ。并注意不要喂给发霉、变质、冰冻的饲草 ,以免引起流产 ,出入圈舍或补饲时要防止挤压、顶撞。母羊产羔后 ,在哺乳前期为保证有充足的奶水 ,要供给较丰富的饲料 ,每天每只供给混…     

舍饲藏羊饲养管理的关键技术

藏羊的饲养逐渐由放牧转变为集约化发展,通过舍饲的方式来提高藏羊的生产性能和养殖量以及养殖水平。但集约化发展需要通过改变其饲养管理方式,达到舍饲养殖的最佳生长发育性能,以获得更高的经济效益。为此,本文从种公羊、母羊、羔羊、疫病防治等方面阐述舍饲藏羊饲养管理的关键技术,供舍饲藏羊养殖者参考。     

饲养管理与母羊繁殖

母羊繁殖是山羊养殖者扩大规模、获取利益的前提。除了遗传因素外，饲养管理的方式方法对健康无病的母羊繁殖亦有影响，如饲养水平、初配年龄与体重、配种间隔、营养状况、放牧运动等。１饲养水平与母羊繁殖１．１早期的饲养早期指的是０～１２月龄阶段，此阶段的饲养水平直接影响母羊成年时的繁殖率。通常早期饲养水平高的母羊，不管成年时饲养水平的高低，其繁殖率均较高；早期饲养营养水平低的母羊，成年时尽管提高饲养营养水平，其繁殖率也仅有一定的改善。下表是来自于同一遗传力的苏格兰黑面山羊饲养水平与母羊排卵情况。从上表看出，…     

小尾寒羊母羊的繁殖和饲养管理

当前，青海省东部农业区饲养小尾寒羊的规模越来越大，但由于大部分养殖户是初次饲养，对小尾寒羊尤其是母羊的饲养管理技术比较缺乏，影响到养殖效益，为此根据拦隆口兽医站的饲养经验，介绍母羊的饲养管理中注意的一些问题，供同行参改。     

Genetic, environmental and interaction effects on lifetime production efficiency of crossbred ewes

A total of 399 crossbred ewes born in 2 yr were maintained either on irrigated or dryland hill pastures. The ewes were sired by North Country Cheviot, Dorset, Finnsheep or Romney rams mated to Suffolk or Columbia-type ewes. The crossbred ewes were mated to Hampshire rams throughout the study and had the opportunity for either 4 or 5 yr of production. Annual feed cost was calculated based upon estimated annual metabolizable energy (ME) requirements for maintenance, ewe growth, pregnancy and lactation. Income from weaned feeder lambs and from orphan lambs sold shortly after birth, feed cost and net revenue were analyzed during each ewe's first production year, as well as for the entire period of the experiment. Crossbred group significantly affected income from lambs produced, feed cost and net revenue for the ewes' first production year. Crossbred group and crossbred group X management system interactions generally influenced lifetime income from lambs produced and from orphans sold, gross income, total cost and net revenue per ewe. Finnsheep X Suffolk ewes performed best on irrigated pastures but were below average for lifetime net revenue on hill pastures. Finnsheep X Columbia ewes performed best on hill pastures and, with Dorset X Suffolk and Dorset X Columbia ewes, were well above average for lifetime net revenue on irrigated pastures as well. Suffolk crossbreds consistently performed better on irrigated than on hill pastures. While most ewes with Columbia-type inheritance were more efficient on hill than on irrigated pastures, this result was not always consistent.     

辽西地区舍饲肉用母羊体内血液硒水平及补硒效果研究

为探明辽西地区舍饲条件下母羊繁殖性能与缺硒的关系,本研究在对舍饲母羊繁殖性能调查和血硒含量测定的基础上,系统比较了添加不同量酵母硒对母羊繁殖性能的影响。结果表明,辽西地区3个半舍饲和3个舍饲羊群全血硒含量分别为0.0167μg/mL和0.0126μg/mL,舍饲和半舍饲羊群间血清硒含量的差异显著(P<0.05),低于正常机体需要量的0.06μg/mL;舍饲羊群的发情率、受胎率和产羔率等指标显著低于半舍饲羊群相关指标(P<0.05)。硒补充试验结果表明,无论是酵母硒还是富硒舔砖均对繁殖母羊的发情率、受胎率、产羔率和繁殖成活率有所改善,且添加0.2 mg/kg和0.3 mg/kg的酵母硒对以上各指标的影响更为显著。以上研究结果为缺硒地区繁殖母羊补硒方案提供了重要参考。     

Differences in choice of diet between sheep breeds grazing mountain pastures in Norway

In the present study, the foraging behaviour of ewes from three common Norwegian sheep breeds; the long-tailed Dala sheep, and the two short-tailed breeds Spæl sheep and Norwegian Fur sheep was studied. Based on difference in body size and digestive anatomy, we expected the lighter short-tailed ewes to browse more on woody plants than the Dala ewes. The experiments were conducted during two consecutive summers within the flocks’ usual grazing areas, and we sampled the proportion of grazing time that ewes spent feeding on woody plant species. We tested the hypothesis by applying generalized linear mixed models to the feeding behaviour data. As predicted, the short-tailed ewes spent substantially more of their grazing time browsing on trees, bushes and heather compared to the Dala ewes. We discuss the results in the context of maintaining the, now threatened, pastoral landscapes of mountainous regions of Norway; short-tailed breeds should be more effective than the Dala breed in reducing tree and bush encroachment, but more detailed studies are needed to quantify the breed differences in this respect.     

Effects of Level and Distribution of Concentrate in Late Pregnancy on Ewe and Lamb Performance

Abstract

During two different years, 1986 and 1989, 129 and 102 ewes, respectively, were used to compare the effects of level and feeding pattern of concentrate during the last eight weeks of pregnancy. The ewes were given hay to cover maintenance, with supplemental feeding for pregnancy based on different amounts of concentrate. The control groups were fed according to Swedish recommendations, totalling 20 kg of concentrate, maximum level 0.4 kg per ewe and day (20:0.4) in a two-level pattern. The experimental groups were fed 20:0.7, 24:07 or 30:1.0 with a gradually rising feeding pattern. The treatments had a significant effect on changes in the live weight of ewes during late pregnancy and early lactation, with ewes on higher feeding levels losing less weight during pregnancy and gaining less weight on pasture. Over the whole production year, the changes during different production periods levelled out the total effect. Late pregnancy feeding also had a significant effect on lamb growth, with lambs from ewes fed on the highest feeding level growing significantly better. Lambs from ewes fed on a gradually rising feeding pattern showed significantly better growth in Expt. 1 but not in Expt. 2.     

现代集约化肉羊业主要关键技术研究与应用

专门化肉用种羊选定、引进后，通过适应性研究，在较大规模养羊业生产实践中。对现代集约化肉羊业的主要关键技术进行研究、完善和创新，组装集成并应用于生产。技术研究应用结果既为市场提供了大批专门化肉用种羊和优质安全的杂种肉羊，取得了高水平的研究成果及显著的经济效益和社会效益．又为我国目前正在迅速发展的集约化肉羊业提供了可靠的技术支持和理想的生产模式：从适宜的专门化肉羊品种到运用高效母羊快速扩繁技术．建立和完善有效的肉羊杂交利用体系，普遍应用种羊鲜、冻精生产大批肉用杂种羔羊，种植高产优质饲草及其科学加工调制和利用．建立严格兽医防疫制度．实行放牧 补饲或全舍饲的精细管理和集约化育肥，至生产优质、安全、标准肉羊，获得显著的经济效益和社会效益。     

An outbreak of severe iodine-deficiency goitre in a sheep flock in north-east Victoria

Background Several outbreaks of goitre, considered to be related to iodine deficiency, occurred in sheep flocks throughout Victoria in 2010. Objective We describe one outbreak in Merino–Border Leicester‐cross ewes and their lambs in north‐east Victoria that appeared to be associated with increased rainfall and pasture growth, particularly during the preceding summer and autumn. Results The outbreak was characterised by a four‐fold increase in neonatal lamb deaths and goitre, alopecia and poor skeletal development in the lambs. Most cases occurred in lambs born to 2‐year‐old crossbred ewes that had grazed long, lush perennial pastures throughout their entire pregnancy, whereas few cases occurred in mature crossbred or Merino ewes that had grazed shorter, annual pastures on hill country for 3 weeks in late pregnancy but were otherwise managed similarly. Conclusion Existing recommendations for south‐eastern Australia are that only spring‐lambing ewes in iodine‐deficient areas require iodine supplementation to prevent goitre in years with high autumn–winter rainfall. Aspects of this outbreak suggest that ewes lambing at other times of the year and grazing abundant pasture for prolonged periods may also require supplementation to prevent goitre, even if autumn–winter rainfall does not exceed previously established thresholds.     

湖羊羔羊不同强制补饲方式效果对比试验

湖羊养殖在我国己形成一条产业链,对助力脱贫攻坚向乡村振兴有效衔接具有重要意义。但是在生产实践中发现湖羊羔羊产羔多,成活率低,生长发育慢,母羊乳房炎发病率高。近年来采取强制补饲技术提前锻炼羔羊的消化系统,取得了较好的效果。本研究在规模化湖羊养殖场开展了精料与精料+牧草两种强制补饲饲喂方式对比,从羔羊生长速度、消化道生长发育、屠宰性能和胃肠道的组织形态学等方面进行了比较,发现精料+牧草的早期强制补饲方式效果明显好于单纯的精料组。研究结果为规模化湖羊养殖场提高羔羊的成活率、降低母羊乳房炎发病率,促进湖羊养殖提质增效具有十分重要的意义。     

旱泉沟流域封山育林育草成效研究

根据天祝旱泉沟流域具有代表性的24块封山育林育草样地的不同试验与对照区进行植物种多样性、枯落物贮量及持水能力、天然更新、植被覆盖度、高生长量、多度、干扰强度、自然度等方面的研究表明,水源涵养林区以流域开展封山育林育草成效显著.并运用森林群落演替理论对研究结果进行论证得出,封山育林育草是祁连山林区流域单元恢复和建设林草植被效果最好、速度较快、费用经济、操作简便的最佳经营方式.     

放牧藏羊冷季营养调控试验报告

藏系绵羊在产羔后分为4组,进行为期90天的补饲试验,结果:试验1组只均日补饲优质青干草0.5 kg,母羊和羔羊的增重分别为1.57kg和5.29kg;试验2组只均日补饲精料0.25kg,母羊和羔羊的增重分别为2.36 kg和7.9kg;试验3组只均日补饲精料0.5kg,母羊和羔羊的增重分别为4.25 kg和10.02kg;试验4组只均日补饲营养添砖0.15kg,母羊和羔羊的增重分别为1.7kg和6.51kg。4个试验组均达到了母羊保膘和羔羊成活的目的。其中,第3组母羊和羔羊的增重最高,饲料成本也最高;第1组母羊和羔羊的增重最少,但补饲成本最低。     

围产期补饲对放牧蒙古羊母羊泌乳性能及羔羊生长性能的影响

旨在研究围产期补饲精补料对戈壁地区妊娠期放牧蒙古羊母羊增重、血液生理生化指标、泌乳性能以及羔羊生长性能的影响。选取20只体况相近、平均体重为（60±5.54）kg的妊娠期蒙古羊母羊, 按平均体重分为试验组和对照组, 每组10只。对照组按照传统补饲方法补饲玉米300 g/（只·d）, 试验组补饲精补料300 g/（只·d）。补饲试验预饲期5 d, 正饲期60 d。测定试验母羊初始体重和补饲试验末体重, 计算总增重;补饲试验结束时, 采集试验母羊血液样本, 测定血液常规指标和血清生化指标;从产后第15天起使用差重法测定母羊泌乳量, 持续到产后第85天;测定羔羊的初生重、90日龄重, 计算羔羊在90日龄内的日增重。利用统计学方法对对照组和试验组的上述指标进行分析。结果表明, 在补饲试验期间, 试验组母羊与对照组母羊的总增重差异不显著（P>0.05）, 试验组母羊的体重减少幅度比对照组母羊低1.71%;试验组母羊的各项血液常规指标和血清生化指标与对照组母羊相比差异均不显著（P>0.05）;整个泌乳期试验组母羊的泌乳量都高于对照组母羊, 其中, 产羔后75 d和85 d, 试验组母羊的泌乳量显著（P<0.05）或极显著（P<0.01）高于对照组母羊;与对照组羔羊相比, 试验组羔羊的90日龄体重和90日龄内日增重有所提高（P>0.05）。综上提示, 围产期补饲精补料能够提高放牧蒙古羊母羊的产后泌乳量, 并且有助于提升羔羊日增重。