吉林部分地区TTSuVs与PCV2混合感染情况调查及其与PMWS相关性分析

为了解吉林地区猪细环病毒(TTSuVs)与II型猪圆环病毒(PCV2)混合感染情况,分析TTSuVs感染与仔猪多系统衰竭征(PMWS)的相关性。试验通过PCR技术对2019年收集到的吉林部分地区的10家规模化猪场130份血清样本进行检测;并应用本实验已建立的PCV2、TTSuVs实时荧光定量PCR检测方法,对PCV2阳性样品进行病毒载量的分析,区分PMWS病猪与PCV2亚临床感染猪,比较PMWS病猪与PCV2亚临床感染猪中TTSuVs的载量。结果显示:TTSuV1感染率为38.46%;TTSuV2感染率为57.69%;PCV2感染率为46.15%;TTSuV1与TTSuV2的混合感染率为31.54%;TTSuV1与PCV2的混合感染率为32.30%;TTSuV2与PCV2的混合感染率为44.62%;三种病毒的混合感染率为22.30%。且PMWS病猪血清中TTSuV2载量明显高于PCV2亚临床感染猪(P<0.01)。结果表明,TTSuV2载量与PMWS病的发生存在一定程度的相关性。     

猪细环病毒LAMP检测方法的建立

为建立一种特异和快速的猪细环病毒(TTSuV)检测方法,本研究通过比对TTSuV的全基因序列,选择其保守区域,设计了针对TTSuV检测的LAMP引物,利用LAMP Real Time Turbidimeter LA-320仪对反应体系及条件进行了优化,建立TTSuV环介导等温扩增的检测方法.结果表明:该方法最佳反应条件为64℃恒温50 min,病毒的最低检出限为5.5拷贝/μL,并且与其他相关传染病无交叉反应.临床样品检测结果显示,猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒-(PRRSV)和2型猪圆环病毒(PCV2)阳性的样品中TTSuV呈高阳性率,分别为92％和87.3％,显著高于非PRRSV和PCV2阳性的猪群.该方法的建立为快速及特异性的检测猪TTSuV提供了有效的方法.     

猪输血传播病毒(TTV)与猪圆环病毒混合感染的检测及TTV遗传变异分析

为了解我国猪群中猪输血传播病毒(TTV)与猪圆环病毒(PCV)混合感染情况,本研究采用PCR方法对采自14个省280份病料样品进行检测,结果显示,TTV1和TTV2阳性检出率分别为51.8%和28.2%,TTV1与TTV2混合感染率为18.2%;PCV1和PCV2阳性率分别为41.1%和37.5%,PCV1与PCV2混合感染率为19.6%;PCV2阳性样品中TTV1和TTV2混合感染率达75.0%。此外,对2株TTV1基因组进行测序,与GenBank中登录的6个TTV1序列比对,相似性结果为67.3%～95.1%;对4株TTV2基因组测序,与GenBank登录的4条TTV2序列比对,相似性为84.7%～90.4%;将TTV1与TTV2进行序列比对,相似性仅为44.0%。TTV1和TTV2基因高变区分别位于520 nt～2 594 nt和720 nt～2 170 nt;TTV1基因保守区位于1 nt～520 nt和2 595 nt～2 800 nt;而TTV2基因保守区位于1 nt～719 nt和2 171 nt～2 800 nt。以上结果表明,我国猪群中存在TTV与PCV2的混合感染,并且两种病毒混合感染引起...     

猪圆环病毒2型与猪TTV混合感染的流行病学调查

根据GenBank_h发表的猪圆环病毒2型（Porcinecircovirustype2,PCV2）基因组序列和TTV（Torquetenovirus）1、2型的UTR序列设计合成引物,建立了分别用于检测PCV2和TTV1、TTV2的PCR及巢式PCR方法。应用建立的PCR方法对送检的广东、福建和江西等7个省份258份血液和组织样品进行了PCV2、TTV1和TTV2的检测,确定猪群中PCV2与TTV1和／或TTV2混合感染情况。结果表明,94份样品表现为PCV2和TTV1的混合感染,占样品总数的36．4％;193份样品表现为PCV2和TTV2的混合感染,占74．8％;另外,还有一些样品为三重感染,占34．5％。由此可以看出,猪群中PCV2和／或TTV1和／或TTV2的混合感染很普遍。     

猪细小病毒、猪伪狂犬病病毒和猪圆环病毒2型多重PCR检测方法的建立与应用

根据GenBank中已发表的猪细小病毒(porcine parvovirus,PPV)、猪伪狂犬病病毒(pseudorabies virus,PRV)和猪圆环病毒2型 (porcine circovirus type 2,PCV2)基因序列,对各病毒基因区进行同源性分析,确定PPV 的VP2、PRV的 gD、和PCV2的ORF2基因为各病毒的诊断靶序列,设计特异性引物,在建立各病毒单项PCR技术的基础上,优化多重PCR反应条件,建立了3种病毒的多重PCR技术,可同时扩增PPV 313 bp、 PRV 217 bp和PCV2 447 bp的特异性片段。用多重PCR技术与单项PCR技术对比检测试验证明两者的符合率为100％,表明建立的多重PCR检测方法,具有特异、快速、准确的特点,可同时鉴别诊断这3种病毒。从10个发病猪场和门诊病例的病猪采集的211份样品,用建立的多重PCR检测方法,检出PPV阳性42份,阳性率为19.91%;PRV阳性26份,阳性率为12.32%;PCV2阳性56份,阳性率为26.54%;2种以上病毒混合感染25份,混合感染阳性率为11.85%。检测结果表明,山西省猪群已感染这3种疫病。     

上海地区发病猪群猪圆环病毒2型阳性样本中其他病原混合感染状况调查

本研究对2009年至2011年上海地区发病猪群内脏样本进行猪圆环病毒2型(Porcine circovirus,PCV2)检测,对PCV2阳性样本进行2a/2b分型检测,并对PCV2阳性样本进行其他病原混合感染状况调查。上海地区发病猪群PCV2阳性率平均为54.34%,以PCV2b单纯感染为主。在PCV2阳性样品中,其他病毒混合感染率平均达到60.2%,细菌混合感染率达到61.22%,病毒与细菌同时混合感染率为41.84%,平均混合感染率达到53.06%。研究表明,上海地区发病猪群PCV2阳性样本与其他病原混合感染比例较高,病毒主要以PRRSV为主,细菌主要以大肠杆菌、沙门氏菌、链球菌及副猪嗜血杆菌为主;混合感染是导致猪群死亡的重要因素,也是当今上海地区猪群疫病的感染现状及发病模式。     

广西猪细小病毒与PRRSV、CSFV、PCV2、PRV混合感染的检测

应用PCR技术,对广西南宁、玉林、贵港、柳州、钦州和桂林6个市的10个规模化猪场送检的141份病猪组织样品进行猪细小病毒(PPV)的检测;同时,对鉴定为PPV阳性的样品进行了猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(PRRSV)、猪瘟病毒(CS-FV)、猪圆环病毒2型(PCV2)和猪伪狂犬病毒(PRV)的检测,以确定猪群中PPV与其它病毒混和感染情况。结果,所有样品诸病毒的阳性检出率达17.73%(25/141);流产胎儿PPV阳性率为19.57%(9/46),繁殖障碍母猪扁桃体的PPV阳性率为17.74%(11/62),发病断奶仔猪组织病料的PPV阳性率为15.15%(5/33),PPV与PRRSV、CSFV、PCV2和/或PRV4种病毒均有混合感染现象,混合感染样品占PPV阳性样品的48.00%(12/25)。     

2011年～2012年中国部分地区猪细环病毒在不同猪群中的流行病学调查及其与PCV2、PPV4或PRRSV的共感染分析

为了解猪细环病毒(TTV)在无明显临床症状的猪群和不同发病猪群中的感染情况,本实验于2011年～2012年期间共采集江苏、安徽、天津、湖北、上海、浙江6个省份的无明显临床症状的母猪血清共488份,发病猪群样品352份,包括发生PMWS的猪血清及组织样品203份,发生PRRSV感染的猪群样品105份,发生流产的初产母猪血清23份,以及流产胎儿组织样品21份.对无明显临床症状的猪群进行TTV1和TTV2的病原学检测,对发病猪群样品进行TTV和PCV2、PPV4、PRRSV共感染检测,并对40条TTV1和32条TTV2的UTR部分基因分群区域进行测序和进化分析.结果显示,在488份无明显临床症状的母猪和种公猪中,猪源TTV1和TTV2感染率较高,分别为41％和67％,二者混合感染率为28％.PMWS发病猪样品中PCV2阳性率高达75％,PCV2和TTV2的混合感染高达61％.在PRRSV为阳性的病料中,TTV2的阳性率高达86％.在初产母猪和流产胎儿中,TTV1和TTV2的感染率,以及与不同病毒的混合感染率均高于健康猪群的感染率.对基因序列的进化分析表明,TTV1主要可以分为8个基因群,TTV2可以大致分为4个基因亚群.本研究为研究猪源TTV的潜在致病力以及分子进化提供了进一步的资料.     

广西猪圆环病毒2型感染的流行病学调查

结合流行病学、临床症状、病理变化，采用PCR技术，对2004年1月至2005年5月采自广西14个市97个疑似猪圆环病毒2型（PCV2）感染发病猪场的197份组织病料（脾、肺、淋巴结）进行了PCV2检测；同时，对鉴定为PCV2阳性的组织病料和猪场进行了猪生殖与呼吸综合征病毒（PRRSV）、猪瘟病毒（CSFV）、猪流感病毒（SIV）和猪伪狂犬病病毒（PRV）的检测，另外，对6个地（市）11个生猪屠宰场采集的外观健康屠宰猪的295份组织样品（脾、肺、淋巴结）进行了PCV2检测。结果显示，在197份组织样品中检出PCV2阳性病料108份，平均阳性率为54．82％（108／197），阳性猪场62个，平均阳性率为63．92％（62／97）。PCV2与PRRSV、CSFV、SIV、PRV混合感染的组织病料总阳性率为42．13％（83／197），混合感染的猪场总阳性率为57．73%（56／97）。从21头外观健康屠宰猪的组织样品中检测到PCV2，阳性率为7．10％。由此可见，PCV2感染在广西猪群中已普遍存在，混合感染和健康带毒现象使病情更加复杂。     

2009年我国猪群中猪圆环病毒2型感染情况调查

为了解我国猪群中猪圆环病毒2型（Porcine circovirustype2，PCV2）的感染情况，分析感染与猪年龄的关系，本试验于2009年在我国28个省市的71个中小规模场、22个屠宰场和62家散养户采集了2905份猪血清样品，用PCR法对PCV2进行检测。结果显示，检出阳性血清429份，阳性率为14．8％。在被调查的场／P中，86．4％屠宰场、52．1％中小规模场和58．1％散养户为PCV2感染阳性，其中48．6％的PCV2阳性中小规模场的群阳性率低于10％。分析中小规模场PCV2感染情况和猪年龄之间的关系发现，在5个年龄组中，2～4周龄组未检出PCV2感染，5周龄以上各组均检出PCV2感染，其中11～14周龄组和15～26周龄组阳性率较高，高于5～7周龄组和8～10周龄组。     

Type I restriction-modification system and its resistance in electroporation efficiency in Flavobacterium columnare

The role of swine torque teno sus viruses (TTSuVs) as co-factors in disease syndromes involving porcine circovirus strain 2 (PCV2) and porcine reproductive and respiratory disease syndrome virus (PRRSV) has been a debatable subject. In this study, the prevalence of TTSuVs in Iowa, the leading pork producing state in the U.S., was estimated by a duplex PCR. The PCR is capable of simultaneously detecting both teno sus viruses 1 and 2 (TTSuV1 and 2). Based on an analysis of 300 random samples representing six major geographical regions of the state, the overall prevalence rates for TTSuV1 and 2 were 47.34% and 24.67% respectively while the combined prevalence rate was 52.33%. The epidemiological association of TTSuV1 and 2 with the common etiological agents of the porcine respiratory disease complex (PRDC) namely porcine PRRSV, PCV2, Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae and swine influenza virus (SIV) was estimated in lung tissue derived from 45 pigs showing clinical signs of PRDC. Notably, 86.67% of the PRDC-suspect samples were positive for TTSuV1 in comparison to the baseline population prevalence rate of 47.34%. However, the prevalence of TTSuV2 (26.67%) was not significantly different. TTSuV1 was detected in 80.00%, 81.81%, 75.00% and 77.78% of the PRRSV, SIV, M. hyopneumoniae and PCV2 positive PRDC-suspect samples respectively. Our results indicate that TTSuV1 is strongly associated with clinical PRDC and support the hypothesis that TTSuVs might function as co-factors in PRDC. Further studies to define their possible role in the pathogenesis of swine respiratory diseases are warranted.     

Seroprevalence of Torque teno sus virus types 1 and 2 in postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome-suspected pigs and porcine circovirus type 2-vaccinated normal pigs in southern Japan

We investigated the seroprevalence rate of Torque teno sus virus types 1 (TTSuV1) and 2 (TTSuV2) in the sera of 38 post weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS)-suspected pigs and 43 porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2)-vaccinated normal pigs on 3 commercial pig farms in southern Japan by using nested polymerase chain reaction. High seroprevalence rate of TTSuVs was observed in both PMWS-suspected pigs (100%) and PCV2-vaccinated normal pigs (90.7%). The seroprevalence rate of TTSuV2 was significantly higher in the PMWS-suspected pigs than in PCV2-vaccinated normal pigs (97.4% versus 81.4%, P<0.05), whereas no such difference was observed for TTSuV1 between the 2 groups of pigs. In both pig groups, the seroprevalence rate of TTSuV2 was significantly higher than that of TTSuV1 (P<0.01-0.05). These results show that TTSuVs are highly seroprevalent in both PMWS-suspected pigs and PCV2-vaccinated normal pigs with TTSuV2 being more seroprevalent in the former than in the latter.     

Preliminary study of Porcine circovirus type 2 and Torque teno sus virus coinfection frequencies in Brazilian pig herds

Torque teno sus virus (TTSuV) is emergent in swine herds. Recent studies have shown an increased frequency of TTSuV2 in Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2)-associated diseases (PCVAD), which are endemic in many swine-producing countries, including Brazil. Coinfection with several other viral and bacterial agents results in an increased incidence of more severe PCVAD. Given the limited information on TTSuV and PCV2 coinfection, especially in Brazilian swine herds, this study made a preliminary estimation of the occurrence of coinfection in swine herds by testing samples from different categories. Between 2008 and 2009, 111 samples of feces and 23 serum samples from 5 swine herds were tested for PCV2 and TTSuVs and the results analyzed for associations between these agents. No significant differences in coinfection frequency were observed for PCV2 + TTSuV1 or for PCV2 + TTSuV2 between nursery piglets (P = 0.730), growing pigs (P = 0.331), or sows (P = 0.472). However, a significant difference was observed for PCV2 + TTSuV1 + TTSuV2 between nursery piglets and growing pigs (P = 0.004; Fisher’s exact test). Phylogenetic studies agreed with the grouping of TTSuV1 and TTSuV2 into 2 different clades, with no distinct pattern of clustering of these isolates with the animal categories.     

2018年广西重要猪源病毒性疫病流行病学调查

为了解2018年广西猪群重要疫病流行情况,试验采集广西各地的病死猪组织样品及病猪腹泻拭子,应用多重实时荧光定量RT-PCR检测猪瘟病毒（CSFV）、猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒（PRRSV）,应用多重实时荧光定量PCR检测猪伪狂犬病病毒（PRV）、猪圆环病毒1型（PCV1）、猪圆环病毒2型（PCV2）及猪圆环病毒3型（PCV3）,应用多重RT-PCR检测猪流行性腹泻病毒（PEDV）、猪德尔塔冠状病毒（PDCoV）、猪传染性胃肠炎病毒（TGEV）和猪轮状病毒（PRoV）。结果显示,所检测的694份组织样品中,CSFV、PRRSV、HP-PRRSV、PRV、PCV1、PCV2、PCV3的阳性率分别为11.10%、18.88%、7.20%、5.19%、2.45%、67.00%和5.76%;2种病原混合感染率为41.21%,3种病原混合感染率为4.32%,其中PRRSV和PCV2混合感染率最高。所检测的792份肠内容物及拭子腹泻样品中,PEDV、PDCoV、TGEV、PRoV的阳性率分别为9.72%、5.81%、1.77%和6.31%;2种病原混合感染率为5.30%,其中PEDV和PRoV混合感染率最高。结果表明,当前多种重要病毒性疫病仍在广西猪群发生和流行,并且多重感染普遍存在,应进一步加强监测和防控。     

Lack of effect of piglet vaccination against Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) on serum viral loads of Torque teno sus virus 2 (TTSuV2)

Anelloviruses are small, non-enveloped viruses with circular single stranded DNA, which infect a number of animal species as well as humans. In pigs, two distinct Torque teno sus virus (TTSuV) species have been described so far, being one of them linked to disease occurrence. Specifically, TTSuV2 loads in serum have been found increased in pigs suffering from postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS). Since this pathological condition is able to be controlled by means of porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) vaccination, it was hypothesized the possibility that such vaccination would have an impact on TTSuV2 prevalence and loads. A total of 150 pigs were divided in two study groups. Half of them received a PCV2 commercial vaccine, while the other half remained as non-vaccinated controls. PCV2 infection was monitored at 3-4, 8, 12, 16 and 21 weeks of age by means of an standard PCR, while TTSuV2 loads were determined at 8, 16 and 21 weeks of age by a quantitative PCR. No obvious PMWS clinical signs were observed among studied animals, although PCV2 infection was confirmed in both groups of pigs. Almost all pigs got TTSuV2 infection throughout the study period, independently of the PCV2 vaccination status of animals. Moreover, TTSuV2 load did not show significant differences between different pig groups at each sampling time, but mean viral load increased with age. Taking into account that previous results suggest that TTSuV2 load in serum is increased in the background of PMWS, the present study suggests that this is not the case in a PCV2 subclinical infection scenario. Therefore, vaccination of PCV2 subclinically infected pigs did not modify the outcome of TTSuV2 infection.     

广西规模猪场猪呼吸道疾病综合征的病原学调查

为了解猪呼吸道疾病综合征(PRDC)在广西规模场猪群中的感染状况,采用PCR和RT-PCR方法,对2007～2009年期间采自广西13个市65个规模猪场的281份疑似PRDC感染组织样品进行了12种病原体检测。结果显示:73.85%(48/65)的猪场和71.87%(202/281)的组织样品为PRDC感染,其中,被猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(PRRSV)、猪圆环病毒2型(PCV2)、猪瘟病毒(CSFV)、猪链球菌(SS)、猪伪狂犬病毒(PRV)、败血性波氏杆菌(Bb)、猪附红细胞体(E-su is)、猪流感病毒(SIV)、产毒素多杀性巴氏杆菌(T+PM)、副猪嗜血杆菌(HP)、猪细小病毒(PPV)和猪传染性胸膜肺炎放线杆菌(APP)感染(包括混合感染)的阳性样品分别占49.11%(138/281)、34.52%(97/281)、9.60%(27/281)、8.19%(23/281)、6.41%(18/281)、6.41%(18/281)、6.05%(17/281)、6.14%(15/281)、4.63%(13/281)、3.91%(11/281)、0.36%(1/281)和0.00%(0/281);单纯感染占28.11%(79/281);混和感染占43.77%(123/281)。二重、三重和四重混合感染分别占28.11%(79/281)、12.46%(35/281)和3.20%(9/281)。其中,以PRRSV+PCV2(+其他)混合感染形式较多见,占所有混合感染样品的52.03%(64/123)。细菌性病原体感染样品占20.28%(57/281),其中19.22%(54/281)为混合感染。可见:广西地区规模猪场普遍存在PRDC感染,其中PRRSV和PCV2是引起PRDC的主要病原;感染类型复杂多样,以PRRSV+PCV2(+其他)混合感染最为常见。     

部分地区猪细环病毒1型感染的流行情况调查

猪细环病毒1型是近年来发现的又一种环状DNA病毒,可能存在潜在致病作用。为了初步了解其流行情况,用PCR技术和ELISA技术对来自京津冀、华东与华南地区578头保育猪血清样品进行了检测。结果显示,猪细环病毒1型的核酸与抗体的猪场阳性率均为100%;核酸阳性率为73.88%,抗体阳性率为78.72%,二者之间无显著差异（P>0.05）。进一步分析发现,猪细环病毒1型的核酸阳性率和抗体阳性率都超过50%的猪场达到86.67%,都超过80%的占53.33%。调查结果表明,猪细环病毒1型感染在我国部分地区普遍流行,其在多数猪场的感染率很高。     

Torque teno sus virus infection in suckling piglets from Brazilian pig herds

Torque teno sus virus (TTSuV) is responsible for the infection of pig herds around the world. The aim of this study was to analyse the presence of natural infection by both species of TTSuV in suckling piglets from major pig-producing regions of Brazil. Faecal samples (n?=?135) from 1 to 3-week-old suckling piglets from the Southern, Southeast and Midwest regions of Brazil were analysed by PCR assay to detect TTSuV1 and 2. TTSuV1 and 2 DNA was identified in 65 (48.1?%) and 23 (17?%) of piglet faecal samples, respectively. Co-infection by both species of TTSuV was detected in 17 (12.6?%) samples. Detection of TTSuV1 was significantly higher than that of TTSuV2 in the three Brazilian regions together (p?<?0.05). Based on age of animals, TTSuV1 infection was statistically higher than TTSuV2 in each age group (p?<?0.05). For all of the age groups together, no statistical difference was detected in the number of TTSuV1 and 2 positive results (p?>?0.05). These findings revealed that TTSuV infection has disseminated in pig herds from different geographic Brazilian regions, and the presence of TTSuV in suckling piglet faecal samples suggested the early infection by the virus and the potential of these animals in spreading the virus.