有机肥ZH-1、ZH-2在白菜薹上的施用效果研究

测试了木薯加工废弃物生物发酵转化有机肥产品ZH-1、ZH-2在白菜薹上的应用效果设有机肥ZH-1(处理1)、有机肥ZH-2(处理2),并以高浓度复合肥(CK-1)、不施肥(CK-2)作为对照处理,通过田间栽培试验研究施用有机肥ZH-1和ZH-2对白菜薹经济性状、品质、产量及经济效益的影响。结果表明,3个施肥处理均起到促进白菜薹生长的效果,各指标测定结果显著或极显著优于不施肥处理(CK-2)。在施肥处理中,有机肥ZH-1和ZH-2处理白菜薹单位产量比同等养分条件下施用高浓度复合肥(CK-1)分别低6.92%和4.44%,但2个有机肥处理白菜薹的品质更好,商品质量更高,经济效益比施用高浓度复合肥(CK-1)分别提高32.32%和38.55%,其中有机肥ZH-2的综合施用效果尤为突出。因此,新型有机肥料产品ZH-1和ZH-2值得在白菜薹生产上应用推广。     

不同施肥措施在茄子栽培上的应用效果研究

为研究木薯加工废弃物转化有机肥料(ZH-2)在茄子栽培上的施用效果,以瑞丰3号茄子为研究对象,设单施无机肥、单施有机肥、有机无机混合施用3个处理,以不施肥为对照,分别对茄子农艺性状和产量性状进行对比,研究结果表明,3个施肥处理在农艺性状和产量性状方面均比对照好,存在显著或极显著差异,其中,有机无机肥混合施用处理对茄子农艺性状和产量性状效果最好,说明有机肥ZH-2和无机肥配合施用,能够有效提高茄子长势,从而为茄子高产稳产奠定基础。     

生物有机肥替代氮肥对压砂西瓜生长、产量及品质的影响

以西瓜品种“金城5号”为试材,采用田间随机区组试验,研究了单施化肥（T1）、单施生物有机肥（T2,与化肥等氮量）、20%生物有机肥+80%氮肥（T3）、40%生物有机肥+60%氮肥（T4）、60%生物有机肥+40%氮肥（T5）及不施氮肥（CK）对压砂西瓜生长、产量、品质及施肥效益的影响,以期为宁夏压砂地西瓜合理施肥及可持续发展提供参考依据。结果表明：生物有机肥替代氮肥不同程度地促进了西瓜的主蔓长、茎粗和叶片的生长,并显著提高了西瓜产量和品质。其中T5处理的产量最高,达32.1 t·hm^-2,分别较CK和单施化肥（T1）提高了55.1%和46.6%。生物有机肥替代氮肥提高了氮肥农学效率和施肥效益;同时也降低了西瓜植株的得病率和死苗率;与单施化肥相比,T5处理的瓜心和瓜周可溶性固形物含量分别提高了12.7%和11.5%。综上所述,适量的生物有机肥替代化肥可有效促进压砂西瓜生长,提高产量及果实品质和氮肥农学效率与经济效益,60%生物有机肥+40%氮肥是适合当地压砂西瓜生产的施肥管理模式。     

土壤调理剂与有机肥配施对西瓜生长、产量及品质的影响

为探讨土壤调理剂与有机肥配施在盐碱地西瓜上的应用效果,设计常规施肥+土壤调理剂+有机肥(A)、常规施肥+土壤调理剂(B)、常规施肥+有机肥(C)、常规施肥(CK)4个处理。结果表明,与CK相比,单施及配施土壤调理剂和有机肥均能促进西瓜生长、提高西瓜果实产量和品质;A处理小区西瓜长势优于其他处理,对西瓜生长发育、产量和品质的影响与其他处理之间均达到显著性差异水平,主蔓长273.63 cm、667 m~2产量4 868.85 kg、中心可溶性固形物含量12.2%、边部可溶性固形物含量8.5%,较CK处理分别提高26.21%、27.24%、6.09%、4.61%;B、C处理对西瓜生长发育、产量和品质的影响与CK处理之间的差异也达到显著水平,但B、C处理之间差异不显著。综上所述,土壤调理剂和有机肥配施可有效促进西瓜生长发育,提高西瓜产量和品质,同时对西瓜田间长势和抗病性也有一定促进作用。     

发酵猪粪对设施番茄产量和品质的影响

为解决无公害设施蔬菜生产中有机肥源不足及规模养猪场废弃物有效利用问题,以设施番茄为材料,研究了发酵猪粪对其产量和品质的影响。研究结果表明,与常规施肥相比,降低氮肥和磷肥用量,不会降低番茄的生物产量和经济产量;单施猪粪可有效增加设施番茄产量,猪粪与化肥配合施用较单施化肥增产11.3%~12.9%,效果较显著;猪粪不论是单施还是与化肥配合施用,均能提高番茄果实的可溶性糖含量,降低番茄果实酸度,改善番茄果实品质。说明猪粪快速发酵后施用,有利于提高设施蔬菜生产水平。     

配方施肥对莼菜生长、产量及品质的影响

研究了配方施肥对莼菜生长、产量及品质的影响,结果表明,化肥与有机肥配合施用的各处理莼菜的长势、产量和品质显著高于仅施用有机肥的处理5和有机肥与化肥均未施用的处理6。其中处理2(N∶P_2O_5∶K_2O=1.3∶1∶1)莼菜长势最强,品质最好,产量显著地高于其他各处理,每桶产量达139 g,比对照增产5.6倍。     

不同施肥处理对橄榄品质和产量的影响

为探索不同施肥处理,即化肥减量20％～60％并配施有机肥对橄榄产量和果实品质的影响,以"梅埔2号"橄榄为试材,设置对照(不施肥)、单施化肥(常规施肥)3.00 kg、单施有机肥30 kg、80％化肥+有机肥、60％化肥+有机肥、40％化肥+有机肥共6个处理,测定采收期优质果率,产量以及果实可溶性固形物、总多酚、可溶性总...     

化肥减施条件下木霉菌生物有机肥对西瓜生长及产量的影响

为探寻减肥条件下西瓜的施肥配方,研究了4个不同施肥处理(T1,不施肥料;T2,常规施肥;T3,在常规施肥基础上减施30％化肥;T4,木霉菌生物有机肥+减施30％化肥)对西瓜产量与品质的影响.试验结果表明,施用木霉菌生物有机肥可显著增加西瓜植株的株高、茎粗、叶片SPAD值以及果实可溶性蛋白、可溶性糖、VC含量;产量、产值...     

有机肥对花椰菜产量和经济性状的影响

为探讨施用有机肥对花椰菜产量和经济性状的影响,选用圣农有机肥在花椰菜上进行试验,结果表明:有机肥和化肥配合施用,能明显影响花椰菜产量及经济性状;比不施任何有机肥的对照、单施有机肥和常规施肥处理增产极显著。     

优化施肥配施蚯蚓粪有机肥对嫁接西瓜产量和品质的影响

为探究优化施肥配施蚯蚓粪有机肥替代常规施肥对嫁接西瓜生长的影响,在优化施肥基础上设置4个不同用量蚯蚓粪有机肥处理:Q400、Q500、Q600、Q700(每667 m2施用蚯蚓粪400、500、600、700 kg),以不施肥(CK)和常规施肥(CF)为对照,研究不同施肥处理对嫁接西瓜生长、产量及品质的影响。结果表明,与CF相比,优化施肥配施500 kg·667 m-2蚯蚓粪有机肥,可以在不降低西瓜产量的基础上显著改善果实品质,西瓜维生素C含量、可溶性蛋白含量、糖酸比、中心可溶性固形物含量、还原糖含量均显著提升,并显著提高了肥料偏生产力与肥料农学利用率。综合分析认为,Q500处理可代替常规施肥在陕西地区西瓜生产中推广施用。     

Effect of salinity and water table on growth and tolerance of plum and peach

The effects of combinations of salinity (no salt, 2000 p.p.m. or 4000 p.p.m. of CaCl₂ and NaCl, 1:1) and water table (30 cm, 60 cm or 90 cm from the soil surface), on the vegetative growth and tolerance of ‘Golden Japanese’ plum and ‘Mit Ghamre’ and ‘Balady’ peaches were studied. The plants were grown in lysimeters. The growth of the trunk, total shoot length, the increase in shoot length per cm and the fresh weight of top, root and total plant were reduced with increasing salinity of the irrigation water. The effect was accentuated when the plants were maintained at high water table level. The salinity treatments resulted in the death of 43%, 73% and 76% of the plants in the plum, and the ‘Mit Ghamre’ and ‘Balady’ peaches, respectively, indicating that the plum is more tolerant to salinity than the peach. The plants of the salinity treatments showed various symptoms of salt injury, such as leaf burn, defoliation, shoot die-back and finally death. In the peaches, salt injury started to occur in the first growing-season, whereas the salt injury appeared in the plum in the second growing-season. The symptoms were more pronounced in the 4000 p.p.m. treatment than in the 2000 p.p.m. treatment and were more pronounced at the high water table level. The salinity level was the predominant factor and the effect of the water table on the vegetative growth diminished with increase in the salinity level of the irrigation water.     

洞庭1号无籽西瓜套种棉花高产高效模式的研究与应用

根据西瓜、棉花两者生长发育特点进行套种试验,研究其高产高效栽培模式。试验示范结果表明,以西瓜行株距4.5m×0.65m,棉花行株距1.5m×0.45m的种植密度,西瓜与棉花之间互颉作用最小,西瓜和棉花的产量和产值在3个套种模式中位居第1,在5个处理中经济效益最高。     

Primary culture and identification of mouse PASMCs and effects of hypoxia on proliferation and apoptosis of PASMCs

AIM：To establish a fast, accurate and economical technique for culturing mouse pulmonary arteriolar smooth muscle cells (PASMCs), and to explore the effects of hypoxia on the proliferation and apoptosis of the PASMCs. METHODS：In sterile condition, the pulmonary artery was isolated from the male BALB/c mice by digesting with collagenase I, and the cells were cultured in fetal bovine serum-coated flask. Centrifugal procedure was not used during the cell passage. The cell morphology was observed under an inverted phase-contrast microscope. α-Smooth muscle actin was identified by immunocytochemistry and immunofluorescence. The effects of hypoxia on the proliferation and apoptosis of the PASMCs were detected by CCK-8 assay and TUNEL assay. RESULTS：PASMCs were identified by the methods of immunocytochemistry, immunofluorescence staining and observation of morphology. Unlike the rat PASMCs with typical subcultured peak-vally pattern, the mouse PASMCs showed a lot different without a peak-vally pattern. The cells could be subcultured after 5 d to 7 d and there was 3 to 5 generations depending on the activity of the cells. CCK-8 assay demonstrated that the A values of PASMCs exposed to hypoxia increased after 24 h (P＜0.05) as compared with normoxia. TUNEL result showed that the apoptotic index of the PASMCs in hypoxia decreased after 24 h (P<0.05). CONCLUSION：This technique for obtaining cultured mouse PASMCs is simple, fast, accurate and economical. The digestion time is easy to control. Hypoxia promotes the proliferation and inhibits the apoptosis of PASMCs.     

小檗碱和壳聚糖抗蔬菜病原真菌活性测定及复合膜制备

研究了小檗碱和壳聚糖对几种常见蔬菜病原真菌的抑制活性,以及以小檗碱和壳聚糖为主料制备复合膜的方法,并测定了该膜的药物释放效果。试验表明:低浓度(0.234 mg/mL)小檗碱即可抑制辣椒炭疽病菌(Vermicularia capsici)等5种蔬菜病原真菌的生长。20 mg/mL浓度壳聚糖对番茄灰霉病菌(Botrytis cinerea)的抑制率高达65%,而对其余4种果蔬病原真菌也有一定的抑制作用。为了集成这2种天然化合物的优点,制备了小檗碱-壳聚糖复合膜,该膜具有缓释功能,在模拟外部环境(磷酸缓冲液,pH 6.8)条件下,20 d小檗碱累计释放率接近25%,提示其在果蔬贮藏抗菌中的应用价值。     

西瓜与粮油菜套种栽培试验

近年来,我省西瓜发展速度较快,到2004年全省西瓜栽培面积已达3万hm^2.由于我省耕地面积有限,大幅度扩大西瓜单种面积,不仅造成我省西瓜与粮油菜争地的矛盾,而且土地也未能得到充分有效的利用.为了解决这一生产中存在的实际问题,我们从2002年开始,进行了西瓜与粮油菜套种的栽培试验.历经4年的试验、示范,取得了显著的经济效益和社会效益.现将试验结果报告如下.     

世界及中国鳄梨产销概况与展望

依据联合国粮食及农业组织(FAO)数据库、联合国商品贸易统计数据库(UN Comtrade)中的数据,围绕鳄梨种植面积、产量、迚出口市场、主产国生产情况、主要迚出口国贸易情况等斱面,对世界及中国鳄梨的生产与贸易迚行回顾、分析与展望,幵在此基础上,对中国鳄梨产业的发展提出建议。     

Storability of onion seeds and effects of packaging and storage conditions on viability and vigour

Fresh onion seeds desiccated to 6.0% seed moisture content (SMC) were stored in various packaging materials under different storage conditions. Seeds packed in aluminum-laminated pouches beside those stored with silica gel at 25 °C maintained satisfactory germinability and vigour after 12 months. Desiccated seeds stored in moisture impervious containers produced more vigourous seedlings. Germination potential of onion seeds increased with reduced SMC besides storage in moisture impervious packets along with desiccants as physiological and biochemical attributes are regulated. Seed viability and vigour decreased with accelerated ageing due to increased lipid peroxidation, decreased activities of several free radical and peroxide scavenging enzymes. Electrical conductance of seed leachates also increased with ageing. Thus, adoption of appropriate storage temperature and moisture control techniques would significantly affect onion seed quality, which was due to minimum accumulation of free peroxide radicals and enhanced activity of free radical scavenging enzymes.     

热处理对果蔬采后品质及病虫害的影响

采后热处理是近年来快速发展的果蔬采后处理技术,广泛应用于改善果蔬贮藏期间的品质、增强抗逆性等 方面。从果蔬贮藏期间的生理生化、采后品质及防治病虫害等方面阐述了热处理的机理,讨论了热处理对果蔬衰老 方面的生理特征如色泽、风味、硬度(软化)、失重、呼吸、乙烯释放、酶活性等变化及与抗逆性有关的诱导蛋白质合成 及基因表达的影响,较全面阐述了热处理防治果蔬贮藏期间病虫害的机理如直接作用于病菌、害虫与提高果蔬的抗 病虫性等。     

陕西冬枣黑斑病和炭疽病病原菌的分离鉴定及特征比较

以大荔县冬枣种植区采集的发病枣果为试材,采用常规组织分离法进行病原菌的分离纯化,通过柯赫氏证病法则、形态学观察及分子生物学分析,研究鉴定了冬枣黑斑病和炭疽病的病原菌种类,并采用田间调查法对2种病害为害特征进行比较分析,以期为田间有效区分冬枣黑斑病和炭疽病为害症状,并快速判断其病原类型,及进一步深入开展精准防控提供参考和指导.结果表明:陕西大荔冬枣黑斑病的病原菌为细极链格孢(Alternaria tenuissima),炭疽病的病原菌为胶孢炭疽菌(Colletotrichum gloeosporioides).2种病害均主要为害枣果实,在枣果果腰或果肩上形成黑褐色病斑,可能同时存在且症状相近极易混淆,但在病斑表面、皮下及久置表型3个方面存在明显区别.     

钾肥在小白菜和萝卜上的施用效果

采用盆栽试验方法研究了施用钾肥对小白菜、萝卜生长发育、产量、品质及钾素含量的影响。结果表明 ,施用钾肥对小白菜和水萝卜的株高、叶片数无显著的影响 ,但可提高水萝卜块根的产量 ,提高幅度为 31.0 4 %～ 97.93%。施用钾肥可提高小白菜和萝卜的蛋白质和VC含量 ,降低硝酸盐含量 ,增加植株的钾素含量