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微生态制剂是根据微生态学理论研发的,治疗肠道菌群紊乱、维持机体内微环境平衡、改善生物机体健康状况、提高机体健康水平的具有活性的微生态菌类产品和其代谢物质,能够提高这类菌类正常存活、生长、繁衍的微生态制剂。当前微生态制剂也被称为活菌制剂或生菌剂,是严格选育和驯化正常动物肠道内的生理性细菌,然后由生物工程和微生态工程制备,可在实际中应用,能够通过动物机体的胃和肠道消化而存活,最终能够于消化道内稳定存在并繁衍,对机体产生某种有益的生理活性作用(参与肠道菌群平衡调节,提高动物肠道屏障功能、免疫功能,预防部分消化系统病原菌入侵,进而促进动物的生长性能的发挥等)。本研究对近年来的研究进展进行了综述,旨在为未来的研究方向提供参考。 相似文献
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微生态制剂有助于动物维持消化道的免疫屏障的机能正常。微生态制剂能够分泌有机酸,协助动物保持消化道pH值环境的稳定。使用一般的酸化剂、甚至使用肠溶型酸化剂并不能有效协助动物保持肠道pH值的稳定,正常的、有益的肠道微生态菌群才是维持肠道pH稳定的主要力量, 相似文献
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牛消化道正常菌群的研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
动物胃肠道内栖居有许多种微生物,它们作为一个整体彼此相互依赖,相互制约。其中大部分与胃肠道细胞接触,交换营养物质、能量或遗传信息。目前,国内外对鸡、猪、兔等单胃动物的消化道正常菌群作了大量分析和研究,并研制开发出多种微生态制剂,增进了动物健康;提高了生产力。对反刍动物消化道正常菌群,国外有微生态制剂应用于牛的试验研究,但国内这方面的研究及应用尚未见报道。本文就国内外牛消化道正常菌群的研究作一简要综述。1牛消化道正常菌群概况1.1牛瘤胃正常菌群牛瘤胃中存在着极其复杂的微生物区系,主要有原生虫和细菌两大… 相似文献
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正常动物消化道、呼吸道和泌尿生殖道等部位具有正常的菌群,他们是机体的保护性屏障,是机体非特异性天然抵抗力的重要因素;用正常菌群微生物所制成的生物制品称为微生态制剂或生态疫苗,也可称为活菌剂 相似文献
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随着健康养殖,抗生素替代呼声的提高,近年来,微生态制剂得到了广泛的研究。微生态制剂通过调控机体微生态平衡,改善宿主健康状况而发挥作用,包括益生菌及其代谢产物、益生元、合生元等。因应用对象及选用制剂的性质和种类不同,报道的效果不尽一致。家禽生产中,因宿主生理(肠道短)和健康状况、饲养环境等不同,往往会影响微生态制剂的预期效果。家禽肠道是微生态制剂发挥作用的主要场所,其中微生态环境是影响微生态制剂使用效果的主要因素之一,充分了解家禽消化道正常菌群的特点及其生理作用,对微生态制剂的使用有重要的参考价值。 相似文献
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上期回顾:上期本文介绍了微生态制剂的概念及分类,强调了微生态制剂的作用机理包括:维持肠道菌群微生态平衡、生物夺氧作用、竞争性抑制作用、生物拮抗作用、增强机体免疫力、合成酶和营养物质等六大方面。 相似文献
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It is of great importance to learn about the changes of reproductive tract mucosal immune status by studying the normal development of hens, especially during the immediate post-hatch and laying period, because the chicken reproductive tract associated lymphoid tissue (RTALT) is the first immune barrier of the genitourinary tract against the invasion of external pathogenic microorganisms. This study can serve as a theoretical basis of the reproductive tract disease prevention (especially salmonellosis) for laying hens, and ultimately achieve the goal of providing pollution-free eggs for people to consume. Therefore, this article on chicken reproductive tract associated lymphoid tissue structural basis for development as well as their immune function were reviewed. 相似文献
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为查明内蒙古乌兰察布市地区鸡群免疫效果不佳及免疫失败的原因,对部分养鸡场和养鸡户进行了调查,经分析,发现引起免疫鸡群发病的主要影响因素有疫苗质量、鸡群健康情况、免疫方式和免疫程序等。 相似文献
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微生物制剂对幼兔腹泻治疗的研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
王仲兵 《中国预防兽医学报》2007,29(6):475-479
本实验从健康家兔肠道正常菌群中经分离、鉴定,筛选出3种有益菌种:需氧芽孢杆菌、酵母菌和厌氧乳酸杆菌,经安全试验和药物敏感试验合格后,分别发酵培养,制成复合型微生物制剂再应用到断奶幼兔中,观察对幼兔体重、消耗饲料量、腹泻发生率等的影响,同时应用微生物制剂治疗腹泻兔,观察其治疗效果。实验表明,应用复合微生物制剂增重效果明显,料肉比分别为4.20:1,50日龄和70日龄的成活率分别为96%和90.67%,第50日龄和第70日龄时腹泻率为1.33%和4.67%。使用兔源菌种制成的Ⅰ型微生物制剂能够减少家兔的耗料量,体重明显增加,显著降低料肉比;能够较好地预防幼兔腹泻的发生和降低死亡只数,并且制剂的菌种对大多数抗生素没有抗药性,具有促进生长、减少或杜绝药物污染的优点。 相似文献
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选取新城疫病毒(Newcastle disease virus,NDV)GX-08株对26日龄雏鸡和20日龄雏番鸭进行人工感染试验,对体外细胞培养物进行致病性试验,并进行病理组织学观察。结果表明,以105.5EID50的攻毒剂量对26日龄雏鸡和20日龄雏番鸭通过肌注接种,雏鸡的发病率和死亡率分别为100%和100%,雏番鸭的发病率和死亡率分别为70%和70%;通过点眼、滴鼻及口服接种,雏鸡的发病率和死亡率分别为80%和30%,雏番鸭的发病率和死亡率分别为20%和20%。感染鸡消化器官和部分呼吸器官病变严重,表现出典型的嗜内脏型NDV感染的病理变化特点;感染鸭则肝脏、脾脏和胰腺等实质器官病变明显,消化器官和部分呼吸器官病变较轻微。以200 TCID50的剂量对单层鸡胚成纤维细胞(CEF)和鸭胚成纤维细胞(DEF)接种,结果CEF和DEF均于24 h左右开始出现病变,并分别于96和84 h左右细胞单层完全被破坏。与CEF相比,DEF接种病毒后,细胞坏死、裂解过程迅速,合胞体形成现象显著,合胞体的数量及合胞体平均含有的胞核数较多,病毒接种后培养物上清的HA效价峰值也较高,表明GX-08株均可致CEF和DEF病变,且对DEF有更强的细胞融合能力。 相似文献
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Concentration and distribution of the three immunoglobulins in the sera and tracheal washings of a chicken population was studied. The mean IgM, IgG and IgA concentrations in serum were 1.35, 5.09 and 0.31 mg/ml, respectively. The distribution of IgM and IgG in birds irrespective of age was almost normal whereas that of IgA was skewed. All the three immunoglobulins were present in tracheal washings but the level of IgM was barely detectable. The IgG was predominant in the tracheal washings but higher IgA : IgG ratio compared to that of serum indicated local IgA production in the chicken respiratory tract. 相似文献
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Hermans D Van Deun K Martel A Van Immerseel F Messens W Heyndrickx M Haesebrouck F Pasmans F 《Veterinary research》2011,42(1):82
ABSTRACT: Campylobacter contaminated broiler chicken meat is an important source of foodborne gastroenteritis and poses a serious health burden in industrialized countries. Broiler chickens are commonly regarded as a natural host for this zoonotic pathogen and infected birds carry a very high C. jejuni load in their gastrointestinal tract, especially the ceca. This eventually results in contaminated carcasses during processing. Current intervention methods fail to reduce the colonization of broiler chicks by C. jejuni due to an incomplete understanding on the interaction between C. jejuni and its avian host. Clearly, C. jejuni developed several survival and colonization mechanisms which are responsible for its highly adapted nature to the chicken host. But how these mechanisms interact with one another, leading to persistent, high-level cecal colonization remains largely obscure. A plethora of mutagenesis studies in the past few years resulted in the identification of several of the genes and proteins of C. jejuni involved in different aspects of the cellular response of this bacterium in the chicken gut. In this review, a thorough, up-to-date overview will be given of the survival mechanisms and colonization factors of C. jejuni identified to date. These factors may contribute to our understanding on how C. jejuni survival and colonization in chicks is mediated, as well as provide potential targets for effective subunit vaccine development. 相似文献