鳜脂蛋白脂酶和肝脂酶基因结构与组织表达

为了研究鳜(Sinioerca chuatsi)脂蛋白脂酶(LPL)、肝脂酶(HL)基因结构与功能关系,首先采用RT-PCR及RACE法,克隆得到鳜肝脏LPL与HL基因cDNA全序列.鳜肝脏LPL基因cDNA全长为2089 bp,其中开放阅读框(ORF)为1 548 bp,编码515个氨基酸.鳜HL基因cDNA全长为1 964 bp,其中ORF为1 494 bp,编码497个氨基酸.进化树分析显示,鳜LPL与HL基因与其他脊椎动物的LPL、HL基因各自聚集成簇.对鳜基因组进行PCR获得鳜LPL与HL全基因组DNA序列,与其他脊椎动物基因结构相似,鳜LPL基因由10个外显子和9个内含子组成,全长7 392 bp;鳜HL基因南9个外显子和8个内含子组成,全长8 837 bp.应用Genome Walker方法在鳜克隆得到一段长为1 071 bp的LPL和一段长为2 173 bp的HL基因5'侧翼Ⅸ序列,并利用相关软件预测其中具有多个保守的顺式调控元件.组织表达研究显示与易患动脉粥样硬化的人类LPL不同,鳜LPL基因在所有被检测组织中均有表达:在脂肪组织中大量表达,其次是肝脏、脑、肠道、肌肉,在脾中表达量最低;而鳜HL基因的表达则与人类相似,只在肝脏中表达.本研究将为深入探讨机体脂质代谢调节机制以及LPL、HL在防治动脉粥样硬化中的作用奠定良好基础.     

鳜胃蛋白酶原基因cDNA全长的克隆与序列分析

利用RT–PCR和cDNA末端快速扩增法(RACE)克隆鳜(Siniperca chuatsi)胃蛋白酶原基因cDNA全长序列，并对该基因的结构特征和系统进化关系进行了分析。鳜胃蛋白酶原基因cDNA序列全长1367 bp，5′端非翻译区43 bp，3′端非翻译区187 bp，开放阅读框(ORF)1137 bp，共编码378个氨基酸。鳜胃蛋白酶原氨基末端存在信号肽和激活肽序列，序列中含有催化活性必需的2个天冬氨酸残基和构成二硫键的6个半胱氨酸残基。鳜胃蛋白酶原氨基酸序列与其他脊椎动物胃蛋白酶原氨基酸序列的同源性为59.9%～91.2%，表明胃蛋白酶原基因在脊椎动物的长期进化中比较保守。鳜胃蛋白酶原基因的成功克隆不仅为进一步研究该基因的时空表达奠定基础，而且为鱼类胃蛋白酶原的分子特征和进化提供了新的资料。     

鳜胃泌素与胆囊收缩素基因cDNA全长的克隆与表达特征

为探明鱼类消化液分泌的相关调控因子,采用RACE技术分别克隆了鳜(Siniperca chuatsi)两种肠道激素——胃泌素(gastrin,GAS)与胆囊收缩素(cholecystokinin,CCK)基因的cDNA序列。鳜GAS基因cDNA全长581 bp,5′非翻译区长100 bp,3′非翻译区长145 bp,开放阅读框长336 bp,编码111个氨基酸;鳜CCK具有2种类型:CCK1与CCK2,CCK1 cDNA全长为843 bp,5′非翻译区长60 bp,3′非翻译区长369 bp,开放阅读框414 bp,编码137个氨基酸;CCK2 cDNA全长846 bp,5′非翻译区长112 bp,3′非翻译区长332 bp,开放阅读框403 bp,编码134个氨基酸。鳜GAS与CCK成熟肽C末端具有相似的八肽结构(DYQGWVDF/DYLGWMDF),仅在C末端第3位和第6位氨基酸发生替换。荧光定量PCR分析表明,鳜GAS mRNA主要表达于肠和幽门垂,CCK1与CCK2 mRNA在脑中表达量最高,在肠和幽门垂也有较高表达,表明GAS与CCK同为消化调控因子,而CCK还是神经分泌因子。鳜GAS与CCK mRNA表达贯穿于整个幼体早期发育阶段(孵化后0～22 d),前期表达水平较高,后期表达水平较低,并趋于平稳,GAS与CCK mRNA发育表达水平变化可能与这一时期消化道生长发育旺盛有关。     

吉富罗非鱼 MSTN 基因结构及其多态性与生长性状的相关性

通过PCR和基因组步移法,从吉富罗非鱼DNA中扩增出肌细胞生长抑制素(MSTN)基因及其5′调控区。该序列全长2413bp,含有3个外显子,2个内含子。5′调控区462bp,外显子Ⅰ379bp,外显子Ⅱ371bp,部分外显子Ⅲ145bp,内含子Ⅰ305bp,内含子Ⅱ751bp,编码区共编码298个氨基酸。5′调控区含有与肌肉特异性基因转录密切相关的转录调控元件E-box以及其他一些转录调控元件,如TATAbox,OCT1,AP1,AP4。通过随机测序法寻找SNPs(Signal nucleotide poly morphisms),获得了3个SNPs,但在群体筛选中,只有内含子Ⅱ内的1个SNPs表现多态性。同时测量了96尾(45♂,51♀)吉富罗非鱼的体质量、体长、体高、体厚,并将这些数据与MSTN基因的SNPs多态性进行相关性分析,研究发现MSTN基因内含子Ⅱ的728nt处G/T多态与吉富罗非鱼体型(体厚/体长、体高/体长)存在显著相关(P0.05)。这些研究结果表明,MSTN基因的SNPs可作为吉富罗非鱼育种的候选分子标记。     

圆斑星鲽MHC IIB基因结构、多态性及组织表达分析

通过表达序列标签法和cDNA末端快速扩增(RACE)技术,分离和克隆了圆斑星鲽(Verasper variegatus)主要组织相容性复合体(MHC)IIB的全长cDNA序列,该cDNA全长为1144bp,5'UTR(untranslated region)为7bp,3'UTR为450bp,开放阅读框(ORF)长度为687bp,可编码228个氨基酸,包含信号肽、抗原结合域(β1)、IGC区(β2)、跨膜区和胞质区5个结构域。同源分析表明,圆斑星鲽MHCIIB氨基酸序列与其他硬骨鱼具有49%～79%的同源性,与鼠、人、红原鸡和护士鲨的相似性较低,分别为34%、33%、31%和30%。圆斑星鲽MHC ⅡB基因含有5个内含子,与其他硬骨鱼不同,其β2结构域编码区内存在1个109bp的内含子。根据获得的MHC ⅡB基因组序列设计特异性引物,在10尾野生圆斑星鲽中扩增了包括完整内含子1和外显子2的长度约388bp的DNA片段,PCR产物直接测序后发现在270bp的抗原结合域中共有23个位点发生变异,密码子第1位和第2位的变异明显高于第3位。利用荧光定量PCR分析组织表达发现,MHCIIB基因在健康圆斑星鲽9种组织中均有...     

斑节对虾亲环素A （cyclophilinA） 基因的克隆及启动子序列分析

通过同源克隆和RACE技术获得斑节对虾(Penaeus monodon)亲环素A(cyclophilin A,CYPA)的cDNA序列.根据已克隆的cDNA序列设计引物,利用染色体步移技术(Cenomic DNA walking)从斑节对虾卵巢组织中克隆了CYPA基因的启动子和基因组DNA序列.测序结果表明,斑节对虾亲环素A(PmCYPA)cDNA全长834 bp,其中开放阅读框(open reading frame,ORF)为495 bp,可编码164个氨基酸;5'非编码区为31 bp,3'非编码区为308 bp.从斑节对虾基因组文库中扩增的CYPA基因组DNA全长3 181 bp,其中包括启动子区域1 173 bp,1个内含子426 bp,2个外显子序列:分别为101 bp和399bp.在5'UTR上游区域有明显的启动子序列,包含一个GC盒和2个CAAT盒,同时还包含AP1、CRE等调控元件,符合真核生物典型的启动子特征.分析基因的结构表明所克隆的PmCYPA符合PPlase家族成员特征,属于此基因家族成员.     

斑点叉尾鮰趋化因子SCYA126基因及其可变剪接

通过探针杂交筛选斑点叉尾鮰（Ictalurus punctatus）BAC基因组文库，利用引物步移的方法对阳性克隆BAC047_K12进行序列测定，得到2815bp的SCYA126基因组序列。序列分析表明，SCYA126基因由2个外显子和1个内含子组成；外显子拼接的序列与SCYA126 cDNA序列完全一致，编码92个氨基酸，在N端含有2个相邻的半胱氨酸（CC）和2个不相邻的半胱氨酸，为典型的CC趋化因子亚家族成员；其上游调控序列包含TATA框启动子序列和一些与免疫相关的转录因子结合位点。另外，根据与GenBank接收号为BM029630的EST序列的比较分析，发现SCYA126基因组中的内含子没有被剪接，导致翻译后可能产生N端部分缺失的SCYA126蛋白。在胰脏和肝脏中确认了高表达的包含内含子的mRNA的存在，而且其表达量要明显高于正常剪接的SCYA126mRNA。     

斑点叉尾趋化因子SCYA126基因及其可变剪接

通过探针杂交筛选斑点叉尾(Ictalurus punctatus)BAC基因组文库,利用引物步移的方法对阳性克隆BAC047 K12进行序列测定,得到2 815 bp的SCYA126基因组序列。序列分析表明,SCYA126基因由2个外显子和1个内含子组成;外显子拼接的序列与SCYA126cDNA序列完全一致,编码92个氨基酸,在N端含有2个相邻的半胱氨酸(CC)和2个不相邻的半胱氨酸,为典型的CC趋化因子亚家族成员;其上游调控序列包含TATA框启动子序列和一些与免疫相关的转录因子结合位点。另外,根据与GenBank接收号为BM029630的EST序列的比较分析,发现SCYA126基因组中的内含子没有被剪接,导致翻译后可能产生N端部分缺失的SCYA126蛋白。在胰脏和肝脏中确认了高表达的包含内含子的mRNA的存在,而且其表达量要明显高于正常剪接的SCYA126mRNA。[中国水产科学,2007,14(1):1-7]     

草鱼ghrelin基因的分子克隆与组织分布及其摄食调控作用分析

ghrelin是一种在脊椎动物摄食调节过程中起重要作用的脑肠肽,具有明显的摄食促进作用。实验利用同源克隆技术获得了草鱼ghrelin基因的cDNA序列和DNA序列,其中cDNA序列全长506 bp,包括90 bp的5′端非编码区(5′-untranslated region,5′UTR),312 bp的开放阅读框(open reading frame,ORF),以及104 bp的3′端非编码区(3′-untranslated region,3′UTR)。开放阅读框编码的103个氨基酸的ghrelin前体肽,经剪切加工后形成含有19个氨基酸的成熟肽。氨基酸序列分析结果显示,草鱼ghrelin与硬骨鱼类ghrelin相似度最高,而与其他脊椎动物相似度较低,同时草鱼ghrelin成熟肽N端的"活性中心"(active core)为鲤科鱼类中常见的GTSF形式。与大多数硬骨鱼类的ghrelin基因结构相同,草鱼ghrelin基因也包括4个外显子和3个内含子。荧光定量PCR检测到ghrelin mRNA大量分布于草鱼的前肠和脾,脑、肾、肝、肌肉、皮和鳔等组织也有ghrelin mRNA分布。草鱼脑和肠中的ghrelin表达水平在摄食后下降,随着饥饿时间的延长表达水平逐步升高,最后维持在较高水平,表明ghrelin作为摄食启动信号对草鱼的摄食活动起到了促进作用。     

圆斑星蝶MHC ⅡB基因结构、多态性及组织表达分析

通过表达序列标签法和cDNA末端快速扩增(RACE)技术,分离和克隆了圆斑星鲽(Verasper variegatus)主要组织相容性复合体(MHC)IIB的全长cDNA序列,该cDNA全长为1 144 bp,5'UTR(untranslated region)为7 bp,3'UTR为450 bp,开放阅读框(ORF)长度为687 bp,可编码228个氨基酸,包含信号肽、抗原结合域(β1),IGC区(β2),跨膜区和胞质区5个结构域.同源分析表明,圆斑星鲽MHC IIB氨基酸序列与其他硬骨鱼具有49%-79%的同源性,与鼠、人、红原鸡和护士鳖的相似性较低,分别为34%,33%,31%和30%.圆斑星鲽MHC IIB基因含有5个内含子,与其他硬骨鱼不同,其β2结构域编码区内存在I个109 bp的内含子.根据获得的MHC IIB基因组序列设计特异性引物,在10尾野生圆斑星鲽中扩增了包括完整内含子1和外显子2的长度约388 bp的DNA片段,PCR产物直接测序后发现在270 bp的抗原结合域中共有23个位点发生变异,密码子第1位和第2位的变异明显高于第3位.利用荧光定量PCR分析组织表达发现,MHC IIB基因在健康圆斑星鲽9种组织中均有表达,但表达量存在差异,肾的表达量最高,肌肉的表达量最低,肾、心、脾脏和鳃的表达量显著高于肝、皮肤、脑、血和肌肉.本研究旨在为MHC基因家族的遗传进化分析、结构与功能的解析提供基础,同时为圆斑星鲽的分子免疫学和标记辅助育种研究提供参考依据.     

Genomic structure,tissue expression and single nucleotide polymorphisms of lipoprotein lipase and hepatic lipase genes in Chinese perch

Chinese perch, an obligate piscivorous fish, could serve as an excellent model system for studies on the diversification of lipoprotein lipase (Lpl) and hepatic lipase (Hl) genes. In this study, we characterized the genomic structure, tissue expression and single nucleotide polymorphisms of Lpl and Hl genes in Chinese perch (Siniperca chuatsi). Consistent with findings in other vertebrates, Chinese perch Lpl gene consisted of ten exons and nine introns, and Hl gene consisted of nine exons and eight introns. The promoter region of Hl gene was not highly homologous to that of Lpl gene in Chinese perch. The mRNA expression of Lpl in Chinese perch was the highest in adipose tissue, followed by liver, brain, intestine and muscle, and the lowest in spleen, whereas Hl was almost exclusively expressed in liver. These results suggested that Chinese perch Lpl and Hl might be derived from an early duplication of an ancestral gene. Polymorphisms of Lpl and Hl genes were examined in feeders and non‐feeders of dead prey fish by direct sequencing of these genes in 130 fish from each group. Three SNPs (A1220T, G1221T and C1224G) were identified in Lpl gene, whereas none was identified in Hl gene. Diplotype 2 in Lpl gene was significantly correlated with acceptance of dead prey fish.     

Molecular characterization of cholecystokinin in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus): cloning, localization, developmental profile, and effect of fasting and refeeding on expression in the brain and intestine

Cholecystokinin (CCK) is a multi-functional brain–gut peptide in fish and mammals. To investigate the role of CCK in appetite regulation in fish, a 770-bp full-length cDNA sequence of CCK gene was obtained by RT-PCR and rapid amplification of cDNA ends methods in grass carp Ctenopharyngodon idellus. Homology analysis showed that the CCK cDNA sequence of grass carp had the highest similarity (90 %) to that of goldfish Carassius auratus and a higher similarity (>70 %) to those of other teleosts than to mammals. The PCR amplification using genomic DNA identified that the CCK gene of grass carp was comprised of three exons and two introns. Real-time quantitative PCR was used to detect CCK mRNA expression in adult tissues. High levels of gene expression were found in the hypothalamus and pituitary; moderate levels in the intestine, muscle and white adipose tissue; and low levels in other tissues. During early development (i.e., fertilized eggs to 35-day post-hatching larvae) the levels of CCK mRNA expression were higher during embryonic developmental stages than during post-hatch larval stages. Fasting decreased CCK mRNA expression levels in the brain and intestine, whereas refeeding resulted in an increase of expression. The results suggest that CCK mRNA expression has obvious tissue specificity and may have a role in feed intake regulation in grass carp.     

尼罗罗非鱼MHC ⅡA基因的克隆、表达及多态性分析

为进一步了解鱼类MHC ⅡA基因的特点及其在免疫反应中的功能,采用同源克隆、RACE-PCR、巢式PCR等技术,从健康的尼罗罗非鱼体获得1 205 bp的MHC ⅡA基因cDNA全序列(Orni-DBA-0101,Genebank登录号:JF719813)及1 388 bp的基因组序列。序列分析发现,尼罗罗非鱼MHC ⅡA基因含4个外显子和3个内含子,开放阅读框长720 bp,编码239个氨基酸。从4尾尼罗罗非鱼中共得到8条不同的cDNA序列,分别编码不同的氨基酸序列。氨基酸序列比对后发现,序列间存在丰富的多态性,且主要集中在α-1区,多态性位点数远远高于半滑舌鳎MHC ⅡA基因。生物信息学分析表明,尼罗罗非鱼MHC ⅡA编码的蛋白质分子包含1个信号肽、2个胞外结构域、1个跨膜区和1个胞质区,存在4个保守的半胱氨酸残基以及丰富的磷酸化位点,与其他物种的相似性为23%～65%。RT-PCR结果表明,MHC ⅡA基因在脾、肾、肠、鳃、性腺、肝、心脏表达量很高,在鳔和肌肉中表达量最低。人工感染嗜水气单胞菌后,肝、脾、肾、鳃、肠5个组织中MHC ⅡA基因的mRNA水平均发生了不同程度的变化,提示MHC ⅡA分子作为一种重要的免疫因子,在清除病原的免疫反应中起着重要作用。     

Three tetraspanins from Chinese shrimp, Fenneropenaeus chinensis, may play important roles in WSSV infection

Three members of the tetraspanin/TM₄SF superfamily were cloned from Chinese shrimp, Fenneropenaeus chinensis . The deduced amino acid sequences of the three proteins have typical motifs of the tetraspanin/TM₄SF superfamily. Phylogenetic analysis of the proteins, together with the known tetraspanins of invertebrates and vertebrates, revealed that they belong to different tetraspanin subfamilies: CD9, CD63 and tetraspanin-3. The three cloned genes of CD9, CD63 and tetraspanin-3 showed apparently different tissue distributions. The CD9 gene ( FcCD9 ) was specifically expressed in the hepatopancreas. While for the CD63 gene ( FcCD63 ), the highest expression was detected in nerves, epidermis and heart, with low expression in haemocytes, ovary, gill, hepatopancreas and stomach and no expression in intestine, muscle and lymphoid organ. Compared with FcCD9 and FcCD63 , the tetraspanin-3 gene ( FcTetraspanin-3 ) was more broadly expressed and its highest expression was detected in the intestine. Its expression in nerves was lower than in the intestine, but was higher than in other tissues. Expression in haemocytes, ovary and muscle was much lower than in other tissues. The expression profiles of FcCD9 , FcCD63 and FcTetraspanin-3 in different tissues, including haemocytes, lymphoid organ and hepatopancreas, were compared by real-time PCR when shrimp were challenged by live white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) and heat-inactivated WSSV. All three tetraspanins were markedly up-regulated in the live WSSV-challenged shrimp tissues. The data suggested that the three cloned members of TM₄SF superfamily in Chinese shrimp may play a key role in the route of WSSV infection.     

Molecular characterization of PRR13 and its tissue-specific expression in rainbow trout (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Oncorhynchus mykiss</Emphasis>)

The proline-rich protein 13 (PRR13) is reported to be a key regulator of the resistance to cytostatica by decreasing the copy number of the proapoptotic gene thrombospondin-1. We isolated and characterized the complete PRR13 gene sequence of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). The gene comprises four exons and three introns, the latter of comparatively short lengths (100–811 bp). The full-length PRR13 cDNA consists of 1,101 nucleotides, including an open reading frame of 563 bp, which is predicted to encode a 187 amino acid protein with a molecular mass of 18.8 kDa. A continuous stretch of ten serine residues at the C-terminus is highly conserved and characteristic for vertebrate PRR13, but not for other known proline-rich proteins. Phylogenetic analyses suggest a clear separation of teleostean PRR13 proteins and those from mammalian and reptilian species. Comparison of the tissue-specific PRR13 mRNA abundance in two strains of the rainbow trout coastal form (TCO Steelhead II-WA vs. BORN Steelhead II-Germany) revealed an increased expression in the BORN trout in nearly all examined tissues. The major expression differences were detected in gill (2.29-fold) and in liver tissue (2.16-fold). Hence, the increased PRR13 expression in BORN trout might cause improved protection from natural cytostatica and therefore support our assumption that PRR13 is a candidate gene possibly involved in the varying ability of the two rainbow trout strains to handle environmental stress under local conditions of the Southern Baltic.     

剑尾鱼IgZ基因的克隆及疫苗免疫对其在组织中表达的影响

为研究剑尾鱼Ig Z基因序列及其在疫苗免疫后的表达规律,本实验根据已知的EST库设计引物,利用RT-PCR等方法,获得剑尾鱼Ig Z基因c DNA全长序列,并进行生物信息学分析和疫苗免疫后组织表达分析。结果显示,剑尾鱼Ig Z基因全长序列为5 420 bp,包含4个外显子和3个内含子;c DNA序列全长1 527 bp,包含一个1 299 bp的完整ORF框,该基因编码432个氨基酸,预测其编码蛋白的分子量大小为47.48 ku,并具有Ig Z的基本结构,与其他硬骨鱼类Ig Z氨基酸序列一致性为28%~54%。荧光定量PCR分析结果显示,Ig Z基因主要在剑尾鱼的头肾、脾脏和肠中分布,且疫苗免疫后11天内,Ig Z基因在头肾、脾脏和肠组织中均表现为先上升后下降的趋势。头肾中Ig Z基因的表达量在第4天时最高,为对照组的2.12倍;脾脏中Ig Z基因在第4天时呈现最高峰,为对照组的4.65倍;肠组织中Ig Z基因的表达量在12 h时有一个小高峰,第2天时最高,为对照组的11.41倍。本研究获得了剑尾鱼Ig Z基因c DNA全长序列,并对其表达规律进行了初步研究,发现Ig Z在肠道黏膜免疫中具有重要作用,这将为进一步验证其在黏膜免疫中的作用以及剑尾鱼作为疾病研究模式动物和疫苗免疫评价模型奠定基础。     

仿刺参EGFR基因的克隆与表达分析

表皮生长因子受体(EGFR)是多种细胞因子的受体,在细胞增殖、迁移及分化中具有重要的作用。应用RACE法首次从仿刺参体腔细胞中克隆出EGFR基因的全长cDNA序列。该cDNA全长3 826 bp,包括821 bp的5’-UTR,281 bp的3’-UTR,开放阅读框2 724 bp,编码907个氨基酸。推导的氨基酸序列55-184aa和365-487aa符合EGFR基因所具有的L1和L2受体结构域,在203-344aa和503-823aa含有EGFR家族特征区域CR1和CR2半胱氨酸富集区,并同为跨膜糖蛋白,在结构上具有一致性。经BlastP与GenBank已知物种氨基酸序列进行同源性比对,仿刺参EGFR基因氨基酸序列与果蝇EGFR相似性为49%,同源性为34%,与斑马鱼EGFR相似性为47%,同源性为34%,与淡水椎实螺EGFR相似性为49%,同源性为31%。据此推断,仿刺参EGFR基因属于EGFR家族成员。利用Real-time PCR技术检测了该基因在仿刺参各组织中的表达,结果显示在肠、呼吸树、表皮、体腔细胞、纵肌中EGFR均有表达,且体腔细胞和表皮表达量较高。结果表明,该基因可能在仿刺参组织发育和再生过程中起到重要的调控作用。     

Cloning, characterization and expression of the LECT2 gene in grass carp

An expressed sequence tag of grass carp leukocyte cell–derived chemotaxin 2 (LECT2) gene was screened from an established intestinal cDNA library. Rapid amplification of cDNA ends gave rise to a full-length LECT2 cDNA (gcLECT2) with a complete open-reading frame of 474 bp, encoding 158 amino acids about 17.9 kDa. Homology search and sequence alignment showed that this deduced protein sequence shared a high identity with LECT2 from other vertebrates. Western blotting indicated immunological cross-reactivity occurs between grass carp and human LECT2 protein. This gcLECT2 genomic sequence is 1,868 bp in size, which consists of five exons and four introns. Real-time quantitative PCR analysis revealed that gcLECT2 gene is ubiquitously expressed in different tissues of healthy grass carp including brain, gut, liver, spleen, kidney, muscle and heart, while the expression levels were significantly increased in liver and spleen followed by Aeromonas salmonicida infection. 992 bp 5′-flanking region sequence was cloned and analyzed, where one CAAT box and one GC island were found. Our results showed that the LECT2 is suggested to be most possibly involved in the grass carp’s immune response.