全面贯彻六项新规定做好农药管理工作（摘要）

我省农药管理部门以"三个代表"重要思想为指导,以科学发展观为统领,紧紧抓住农药登记管理、药登记管理、市场监管、安全使用和农药残留监控等四个主要环节,以提高农药产品质量和规范农药标签内容为核心,以加强禁用、限用高毒剧毒农药监管为重点,以查处假劣农药坑农害农的大要案为突破口,有效地规范了农药市场秩序,保障了农药生产、经营和使用者的合法权益,进一步推动了农药事业的健康、快速发展.     

农药标签上标明代理商问题的观察与思考

随着市场经济和商品流通的不断发展,我国农药产品社会化、市场化、竞争化的程度越来越高。农药产品标签的内容也发生了较大变化,在标签上标明为总代理、总经销商（以下简称代理商）的现象越来越多,已成为农药标签管理中的突出问题。然而能否在农药标签上标明代理商则说法云云。笔者结合近年来农药管理的实际提出一些粗浅看法。     

加强我国农药标签管理的几点建议

农药标签管理是农药登记工作的一部分,标签对指导用户安全有效地使用农药、保护环境具有重要作用。为帮助农药生产厂明确农药登记标签内容要求,已在1987年第1期《农药检定》中对标签内容要求和应注意的问题做了说明。其后,在我所编印的《农药登记资料要求》中,对申请农药登记时所需提供的标签样张份数及审核做了进一步规定。如在申请农药登记时须按标签内容要求设计标签样张,并向登记机关提供3份,经审核批准后才可印刷使     

2006年农药市场专项整治工作方案

1 工作思路及目标 2006年全国农药市场专项整治的工作思路是：继续以提高农药产品质量和规范农药标签内容为核心,以加强禁用、限用高毒剧毒农药监管为重点,以大要案查处为突破口,工作中狠抓“四个环节,四个结合”.“四个环节”是抓源头、查市场、严处罚、明责任.“四个结合”是例行检查与交叉检查相结合,标签检查与质量抽查相结合,打假与扶优相结合,检查结果处理与媒体报道相结合.通过全国农药管理部门的上下联动,各职能部门之间相互配合的工作机制,促进农药市场秩序进一步好转,实现全国农药市场质量抽查合格率达到83%以上,标签抽查合格率达到65%以上的目标.     

海南药检所加强农药管理切实落实六项新规

2008年是农药登记管理年,湖南省农药检定所结合本省实际情况,明确工作思路和目标：以强化农药管理6项新规定贯彻落实为重点,以提高农药产品质量和规范农药标签内容、禁限用高毒农药和复配农药质量监测为核心,以查大案要案为突破口。制订工作方案,明确奋斗目标,开展农药管理工作,积极落实六项新规,进一步加大农药监督管理力度．取得了成效。     

关于进一步加强农药标签登记管理的通知

各省、自治区、直辖市农药检定(管理)所(站): 农业部历来十分重视农药标签的管理工作,2006年我所进一步强化了标签审批工作,公布了标签网上信息,建立了一种从源头上规范农药标签的长效机制,农药市场标签合格率稳步提高,对保障农业生产和农产品质量安全起到了重要作用.但是,由于部分农药生产企业还没有真正掌握农药标签应标注的内容,自觉遵守标签管理规定的意识淡薄,致使上报的标签内容不符合登记要求,既影响到企业申报产品登记进度,也难以起到指导广大农民科学合理使用农药的作用.为认真贯彻落实<农药管理条例>和<农产品质量安全法>,进一步做好农药标签登记管理工作,现就有关事项通知如下:     

澳大利亚农药安全使用管理

在澳大利亚,农药标签被称为是最有价值的印刷品,是田间、室内试验数据的概括总结。政府及农药管理部门声称“按标签说明做是保证安全和成功的关键”。他们利用印刷品、广播、电视以及训练班等形式宣传农药标签的重要性及农药使用规则。强调“按     

山东省开展对农药市场进行集中治理

农药标签不合格、禁限用农药在市场上流通等问题，干扰着农药市场的正常秩序，危害了农民利益，影响了我省无公害农产品的生产和农产品的对外贸易。为进一步规范农药市场秩序，促进农产品的安全生产，从源头抓起，对农药市场进行集中检查、治理。１治理重点１．１农药标签农药标签严重不合格的农药产品范围为：一是假、冒、无农药登记证号的；二是擅自将使用范围扩大到果、菜、茶、中草药上使用的；三是以高毒农药冒充中、低毒农药的；四是标签上扩大使用范围或防治对象三个以上的。１．２国家禁用、限用农药１．２．１国家明令禁止使用的农…     

农药登记变更的种类与资料要求

生产企业在获得农药登记证后,若由于农药管理政策调整、生产与实际经营情况变化等原因,需要将登记证、产品标签、田间试验批准证书等批件上的内容进行变更时,按照《行政许可法》、《农药管理条例》的有关规定,应向农药登记管理部门提出变更申请,经审核批准后予以变更,并核发新的登记证、产品标签或田间试验批准证书。     

浅谈农药产品质量标签问题

农药的质量问题与标签问题对农产品质量安全的影响已成热门话题。就山西省农产品农药残留检测结果来看,2003年全省蔬菜水果平均超标率为19.5%,2004年平均超标率为16%以上,2005年平均超标率为12%以上,2006年截至目前超标率为11%左右。而同期,全省标签抽查合格率2003年为58.69%,2004年为44.4%,2005年为66.4%,2006年标签合格率达到了72%以上;同期产品质量合格率也有较大改观,由60%多达到了80%以上。以上数据可看出,随着国家对农药产品质量和标签管理力度的加大,产品质量和标签合格率不断提高,加强农药产品质量和标签管理,提高农药质量,规范农药…     

纳米标记免疫层析法在农药残留检测中的应用研究进展

农药残留超标已成为影响农产品质量安全的重要问题,迫切需要探寻开发灵敏、准确、可靠、便捷且适用性强的农药残留快速检测方法。免疫层析法是将抗原抗体特异性免疫反应和色谱层析分离技术相结合的一种快速检测方法,其中,基于胶体金标记的免疫层析技术以其便捷、成本低、可视化等优点而受到普遍欢迎。近年来随着量子点、时间分辨荧光微球、上转换发光纳米粒子等新型纳米标记材料的出现,免疫层析技术得到了广泛发展。文章从标记类型（非共价作用标记及共价作用标记）及标记材料（胶体金、纳米碳、量子点、上转换发光纳米粒子、磁性纳米颗粒、时间分辨荧光微球及荧光乳胶颗粒）等方面,综述了不同纳米材料标记的免疫层析技术及其在农药残留检测领域的研究及应用进展,可为深入开展农药残留免疫层析技术研究提供参考。     

从淄博农药标签的问题现状,浅议农药的监管对策

农药标签是农药产品的重要标识。通过2014年农药产品的抽检,发现市场中农药标签存在的一些问题,并提出几点相应的监管对策。     

Attitudes towards pesticide labelling among Greek tobacco farmers

Abstract

A survey of tobacco farmers was conducted in the rural area of Pieria in northern Greece to investigate farmers' attitudes towards information given on container labels in respect to pesticide use and safety issues. A large proportion of the farmers (72%) agreed that most information on pesticide labels is hard to read, whereas the vast majority (94%) agreed that most of the information on pesticide labels is hard to understand. More than half of the farmers (63%) reported that they often try to read the labels but do not understand everything featured on them, whereas only a tiny proportion of the farmers (6%) stated that they always read and understand the entire label. Among those farmers who stated that they never read the labels, just over half (53%) reported that it is because they do not understand the information the labels contain, whereas 35% claimed that it is because they already know the information. Two out of three farmers (66%) reported that when buying a pesticide product they mostly pay attention to the directions for use. Few farmers (6%) reported that they pay attention to safety precautions, environmental hazards, and information concerning first aid and antidotes given on the label. Most farmers (57%) reported that when deciding to use a pesticide product they primarily rely on pesticide salesmen's information, while nearly a third (32%) reported that they rely on their own experience. Only a few farmers (6%) stated that they rely primarily on the information found on the product labels. Forty-six percent of the farmers declared that they normally exceed the recommended rates indicated on the label, whereas none reported using less than the label rates. We conclude that essential information about pesticide handling and safety issues found on pesticide labels has to be more effectively communicated to the farmers using appropriate label formats which facilitate noticeability, legibility, and comprehension.     

关于农药登记管理几个问题的思考

伴随着"新四化",我国农药管理也正步入新的阶段,农药登记工作作为农药管理链条的重要元素和第一关口,承载着发展现代农业、保障主要农产品有效供给及消费安全、促进农业可持续发展的重任,越来越受到社会的关注。本文就农药登记管理中的登记政策导向、登记试验管理、风险评估应用、残留标准制定及农药标签管理、知识产权保护等当期热点问题进行了初步思考和探讨,以期为我国农药管理提供参考。     

Farmers’ attitudes towards pesticide labels: implications for personal and environmental safety

The label of pesticide containers is a major source of information for the use of pesticides, but research on whether farmers use this information is scarce. A survey of small-scale cotton farmers was conducted in the area of Punjab, Pakistan, to study attitudes related with the use of pesticide labels. The majority of the farmers (97%) stated that they were using pesticide products purchased in their original containers and accompanied by written information for use. However, 73% of the farmers reported that they usually do not read this information. Elderly, less educated, and experienced farmers in chemical pest control, but without previous training, were found to be less likely to read the labels. A large part of the farmers (34%) stated that they primarily rely on information of pesticide retailers for pesticide use, while nearly four out of ten said they usually rely on other sources of information or their own experience with pesticides. A sizeable proportion of the farmers (9%) mentioned that there is no need to receive information on such issues. Effective pesticide risk communication conveyed through label information is important so that potential risks from pesticide handling may be mitigated at the point of use.     

浅议通过标签内容查找农药隐性成分

本文针对农药隐性成分危害大和监管难等问题,剖析了企业主要动机,以农药标签为对象,研究建立了一种查找"问题"农药、锁定农药隐性成分的方法。该方法具有成本低、易于普及、克服检测仪器谱库不足、发挥基层各方力量进行监管等优点。与检测技术结合使用,可以弥补各方不足,更好地发挥监管作用。     

比例推算法在国际食品法典农药最大残留限量评估中的应用

比例推算是指农药使用剂量与收获后农产品中的农药残留量之间具有一定的比例关系。假定该施药剂量与残留量的比例推算关系独立于作物类型、农药种类和施药方式,则超过临界良好农业规范(cGAP)标签范围±25%的施药剂量所导致的农药残留量将可以按比例进行归一化调整,从而增加了可用于评估农药最大残留限量(MRL)的残留数据。对国际食品法典农药残留委员会(CCPR)将比例推算应用于评估农药MRL的历史背景、制定过程以及最终提交给国际食品法典委员会(CAC)审议的比例推算应用指导原则的具体内容进行了综述,总结了采用比例推算法评估MRL的10项指导原则。使用比例推算法有利于增加评估农药MRL时的残留数据,推进农药MRL标准的制定进程。     

农药隐性成分现状、危害、检测技术及管理措施

农药隐性成分主要是指农药制剂中人为添加标称有效成分以外的农药。本文综述了农药隐性成分的现状、危害、检测技术和管理措施,为降低我国农产品的重大安全隐患和农药的质量管理和控制提供技术参考。     

Recent advances in computational fluid dynamics relevant to the modelling of pesticide flow on leaf surfaces

Increasing societal and governmental concern about the worldwide use of chemical pesticides is now providing strong drivers towards maximising the efficiency of pesticide utilisation and the development of alternative control techniques. There is growing recognition that the ultimate goal of achieving efficient and sustainable pesticide usage will require greater understanding of the fluid mechanical mechanisms governing the delivery to, and spreading of, pesticide droplets on target surfaces such as leaves. This has led to increasing use of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) as an important component of efficient process design with regard to pesticide delivery to the leaf surface. This perspective highlights recent advances in CFD methods for droplet spreading and film flows, which have the potential to provide accurate, predictive models for pesticide flow on leaf surfaces, and which can take account of each of the key influences of surface topography and chemistry, initial spray deposition conditions, evaporation and multiple droplet spreading interactions. The mathematical framework of these CFD methods is described briefly, and a series of new flow simulation results relevant to pesticide flows over foliage is provided. The potential benefits of employing CFD for practical process design are also discussed briefly. © Crown copyright 2009. Reproduced with permission of Her Majesty's Stationery Office. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

New trends in orchard spraying1

Since the early part of the century, a steady move in England towards lower volume spraying of orchards has coincided with the progressive introduction of improved spraying techniques. In recent years many growers have adopted very low volume (VLV) spraying (50 litre ha^-1) using spinning-disc nozzles with greatly reduced dose rates, often only 25% of the product label recommendation. On well managed farms, this method of spraying has been successful for several years and considerable savings have been made in pesticide use and labour for spraying. On other farms there have been pest and disease control problems but few growers have reverted to spraying at conventional volume or pesticide rates. Trials evidence from the UK and the Netherlands shows the VLV reduced dose-rate spraying technique to be generally less effective than conventional spraying but usually sufficiently effective for commercial purposes. In the Netherlands a compromise method of low volume spraying (150–200 litre ha^-1) is being adopted on the recommendation of research and advisory services. This method of spraying is gaining popularity in England. Unfortunately, the method of application stipulated on product labels is usually restricted to a minimum water volume and a pesticide dose per ha. It might be desirable for experimental work for registration purposes to be done to explore optimum application methods for individual pesticides. This information on labels, in a simple form, might lead to the more efficient use of pesticides as well as reflecting the range of application methods in use in the industry.