肉苁蓉研究进展

肉苁蓉为国家二级保护植物，具有较好的药用价值，是我国中西部地区著名的中药材之一。为保护资源，开发利用及提高中药材的质量，人工种植肉苁蓉，是一个重要的手段。80年代后期以来，对肉苁蓉的药理、药性及其化学成分的研究甚多，而人工种植肉苁蓉技术的研究报道，仅限于肉苁蓉（Cistanche deserticola），对目前应用多的管花肉苁蓉等其它种类的栽培技术甚少报道。本文综合有关栽培技术文献，意旨为人工栽培多种类肉苁蓉提供参考。     

新疆野生花卉资源植物调查及引种栽培的初步研究

本文在较全面调查的基础上介绍了新疆境内主要野生观赏资源植物的分布概况。通过前期所做的有关野生花卉种子生活力、发芽率和解除体眠等方面的实验，筛选出8种较宜引科的野生花卉植物进行引种栽培试验。最后探讨了野生花卉植物引种栽培的应用前景。     

柠条豆象的危害及检疫防治

柠条豆象的危害及检疫防治李占文，齐森治（宁夏灵武县林木检疫站７５１４００）柠条豆象属鞘翅目、豆象科，是国家法定的森林植物检疫对象。在宁夏主要分布在灵武、中卫、陶乐、盐池等地，主要危害柠条、甘草种子。随着近年来对治山资源的不断开发和甘草的人工栽培成功，...     

黄姜病虫害防治技术

黄姜 ,又名火头根和盾叶薯蓣 ,是提取皂素、双烯和黄酮类等药物中间体的重要原料。十堰市现有黄姜种植面积 3 2 3万hm2 ,是支撑全市农业经济的一大支柱产业。过去 ,黄姜是分布在十堰市的一种比较丰富的野生资源 ,由于长期无节制的采挖 ;致使原本比较丰富的野生黄姜资源几乎枯竭。为了满足市场对黄姜原料的需求 ,所以 ,从上世纪 80年代就开始了黄姜野生转家生的人工栽培活动。在人工栽培的初期 ,黄姜几乎没有病虫害。但是 ,随着人工栽培面积的扩大 ,生产历史的延长以及长期的无性繁殖和重茬种植等因素 ,使黄姜的病虫害种类从无到有、从少到多…     

罗布泊地区引种植物生理生化指标的主成分及其聚类分析

对罗布泊人工生态示范区中20种主要引种植物的叶片生理生化指标进行了测定,运用相关性分析、主成分分析和聚类分析等方法分析其抗旱及耐高温能力。结果表明：（1）在罗布泊人工生态示范区的正常灌溉制度下,示范区内引种植物的光合色素和游离脯氨酸含量处于较高水平,且两者之间具有极显著相关性。（2）主成分分析将被测指标用4个主成分来表示,分别为反映植物叶片光合作用能力、植物叶片酶活性、植物的耐旱性和植物叶片内有机溶剂含量的综合指标。（3）聚类分析将引种植物分为4类：第Ⅰ类为生长状况一般的罗布麻（Apocynum venetum L.）、沙拐枣（Calligonum mongolicum Turcz.）等植物;第Ⅱ类是生长状况较好的黑果枸杞（Lycium barabrum L.）;第Ⅲ类是作为优势物种的滨藜（Atriplex patens Iljin.）和苦马豆（Sphaerophysa salsula DC.）;第Ⅳ类是长势优良的沙枣（Elaeagnus angustifolia L.）。     

广西药用植物上捕食螨种类调查报告

广西有着丰富的药用植物资源.长期以来,群众使用这些药用植物的全株,或叶、茎、根、皮、花、果实、分泌物以及病理产物,来防治疾病,积累了很多宝贵的经验.这些药用植物有的是栽培的,有的是野生的,也会经受害虫、害螨和病原物的侵袭、为害,从而影响其生长发育和入药的效能.为了开发利用捕食螨资源,充分发挥其自然控制有害生物的作用,我们于1986—1987年一共调查了我区64科128属141种药用植物上     

绞股蓝病虫害的防治技术

绞股蓝病虫害的防治技术刘保平（湖北省孝感师范专科学校生物系４３２１００）绞股蓝是近些年来由野生状态进入驯化栽培的一种名贵药用植物，随着栽培面积的不断扩大，其病虫害的发生已相当严重，现将几种主要病虫种类及其防治技术介绍如下。一、害虫种类及其防治方法１．...     

辽宁省发生穿山龙锈病

穿山龙(Dioscorea nipponica Makino)又名穿龙薯蓣、穿地龙等, 为薯蓣科, 薯蓣属缠绕藤本药用植物, 主产于我国东北及华北地区[1].其根茎入药, 具有舒筋活血, 消食利水, 祛风止痛功效.有效成份皂素是止痛药、避孕药和甾体激素类药物的重要原料.长期以来我国穿山龙主要源于野生, 由于国内外合成甾体激素类药物迅猛发展, 穿山龙需求量迅速增长, 近年来辽宁东部山区为了发挥野生资源优势, 开始大面积人工栽培穿山龙.在人工栽培条件下, 穿山龙锈病发生危害严重.      

塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地滴灌种植肉苁蓉的试验研究

在塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地的人工梭梭林,利用咸水滴灌技术,对种植肉苁蓉（Cistanche deserticola）的开挖方式、播种方式、接种深度以及稳产技术等进行了试验研究。结果表明：① 提高肉苁蓉种子和寄主根系接触的几率是提高人工接种肉苁蓉效果的有效途径。不同种植方式的肉苁蓉出土率为：沟种>打洞>穴种,撒种>种植带（种植纸）。② 采用开沟、撒种方式种植肉苁蓉,随播种量增加,出土肉苁蓉数量呈增加趋势,但存在一个上限值。在沙地滴灌种植肉苁蓉适宜的播种量为300粒/m。③ 接种深度应控制在寄主根系主要分布层以内,并结合作业方式及作业成本来综合确定,在沙地滴灌接种深度不宜超过60 cm。④ 人工接种肉苁蓉具有一次接种,多年采收的效果,但肉苁蓉出土率年际间差异较大。接种后第2 a至第4 a为主要收获期。采用沟种、撒种技术春季接种肉苁蓉,接种后连续3 a平均出土率可以保持在1株/m以上,肉苁蓉鲜重产量达1 800 kg/hm²,经济效益显著。     

41种人工种植药用植物病虫害调查初报

中国是药用植物生产大国。随着种植业结构的调整，近几年来全国各地药用植物人工种植面积不断扩大，主要品种近１４０种。根据对河北、陕西、四川、重庆、内蒙古、宁夏、新疆、北京、上海、吉林、河南、贵州、甘肃等１３个省（自治区、直辖市）的不完全统计，２００２年人工种植药用植物面积接近１００hm２。同时，药用植物受病虫为害迅速上升，已经成为影响药用植物大面积规模化生产的新问题。为了及时了解和掌握相关情况，２００２年我们组织上述省（自治区、直辖市）植保部门对４１种主要人工种植药用植物的病虫害发生情况进行了调查，初…     

9种珍稀濒危保护植物营养器官解剖学的观察

合理利用野生植物资源,保护珍稀濒危植物,对于发展经济,开展科学研究,改善自然环境,维护生态平衡,丰富人民生活皆具重要作用。因此,近些年来围绕着这些植物的研究日趋繁多,有关报导也屡见不鲜。本文力图通过9种新疆的珍稀濒危植物营养器官解剖学的     

麦盖提县的甘草资源及其保护和利用

得天独厚的适于甘草生长的自然条件，造成甘草在新疆麦盖提县大面积分布。使该县成为新疆的重要甘草产区。种类主要为胀果甘草，亦有少量的光果甘草，它们根中甘草次酸的含量完全附合药用或其它工业原料用的要求，具十分乐观的开发前景。随商品经济的发展，该县甘草采挖量日逐增高，１９９２年已超过２０００吨，加上经营甘草部门较多，相互竞争，管理分散，忽略保护与再生的现象有所抬头，且愈演愈烈，一些地方大有“斩草除根”之势     

刺山柑(Capparis spinosa)总RNA不同提取方法的比较

以野生刺山柑叶片为材料,采用70%丙酮抽提研磨材料,结合TRIZOL,CTAB,SDS 3种常见的RNA提取方法提取总RNA,通过RNA获得率、纯度、电泳图谱以及RT-PCR反应等分析,初步确立了一种有效的提取刺山柑叶片总RNA的改良SDS法.该方法提取的RNA A<,260>/A<,280>值在1.88～1.94之间,电泳图谱完整,具有产量高、时间短、成本低等特点,所得的RNA可以用于RT-PCR和cDNA文库构建以及Northern杂交等后续实验.     

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal colonization of Glycyrrhiza glabra roots enhances plant biomass,phosphorus uptake and concentration of root secondary metabolites

Arbuscular mycorrhizal(AM)fungi penetrate the cortical cells of the roots of vascular plants,and are widely distributed in soil.The formation of these symbiotic bodies accelerates the absorption and utilization of mineral elements,enhances plant resistance to stress,boosts the growth of plants,and increases the survival rate of transplanted seedlings.We studied the effects of various arbuscular mycorrhizae fungi on the growth and development of licorice(Glycyrrhiza glabra).Several species of AM,such as Glomus mosseae,Glomus intraradices,and a mixture of fungi(G.mosseae,G.intraradices,G.cladoideum,G.microagregatum,G.caledonium and G.etunicatum)were used in our study.Licorice growth rates were determined by measuring the colonization rate of the plants by the fungi,plant dry biomass,phosphorus concentration and concentration of secondary metabolites.We established two cloned strains of licorice,clone 3(C3)and clone 6(C6)to exclude the effect of genotypic variations.Our results showed that the AM fungi could in fact increase the leaf and root biomass,as well as the phosphorus concentration in each clone.Furthermore,AM fungi significantly increased the yield of certain secondary metabolites in clone 3.Our study clearly demonstrated that AM fungi play an important role in the enhancement of growth and development of licorice plants.There was also a significant improvement in the secondary metabolite content and yield of medicinal compounds from the roots.     

新疆野生花卉资源植物的研究

本文对新疆维吾尔自治区境内的２６种主要野生花卉资源植物的分布，生活环境生态习性等做了较详细的调查，并对其中的２４种植物的种子进行人工温箱培养，测定种子的发芽率和发芽势，对有休眠现象的种做了不同的处理，分析了各因素对种子萌发的影响，最后讨论了野生花卉植物人工栽培的一些问题及其意义。     

新疆玛纳斯麻黄生态保护区植物群落特征及其多样性分析

以重要值为测度指标,选择反映群落物种多样性、丰富度和均匀度的7个测定指数,对玛纳斯平原林场麻黄生态保护区植物群落的物种多样性研究。结果表明:在整个研究区荒漠植物群落中,中麻黄、百刺、蛇麻黄和骆驼蓬等物种有较高的重要值,而草本植物的重要值较低;麻黄种群在样地中属优势种,且进一步发展的趋势明显,减少人为干扰,麻黄种群自然恢复较快。     

新疆霍城县大、小西沟野果林种子植物组成及资源

新疆伊犁霍城大、小西沟野果林是以野樱桃李群落为主的野果林,共有种子植物60科233属500余种.林区野生植物资源丰富,统计表明:有野生果树38种、食用植物30种、饲用植物60种、蜜源植物111种、观赏植物128种、香料植物50种、药用植物113种.其中包括国家重点保护植物9种;新疆维吾尔自治区重点保护植物9种;中国珍稀濒危保护植物3种.通过多次实地调查分析,阐明了霍城野果林野生果树的分布、繁衍规律和植被、生境状况;综述了植物资源类型和用途及野生樱桃李群系生存的濒危程度.并提出在霍城大、小西沟野樱桃李集中分布区建立自然保护区的建议.     

甘肃河西地区盐碱地野生药用植物资源

甘肃河西地区盐碱地野生药用植物资源丰富,主要有50种,隶属于21科40属。针对当地农业生产状况,应合理开发利用盐生药用植物资源。     

Development of lowland weed management and weed succession in Japan

Since the introduction of rice production in Japan, lowland areas have been managed for rice production with the purpose of better rice growth, as well as lesser weed infestation. Rice is cropped every year in lowland fields by repeated cultivation of a single crop, with high yields and without soil sickness usually being observed in upland fields. This is probably because the irrigation water supplies various nutrients for healthy rice growth and the drainage washes out and removes harmful factors. However, until recently, the wet or flooded conditions of lowland fields in the Asian monsoon region never have allowed humans to cultivate useful summer crops, except rice or some aquatic plants. Therefore, the management of lowland areas in the Asian monsoon region has been significantly different from European field management, where crop rotation has been the traditional standard practice. Paddy weeds are aquatic plants or hygrophytes that have adapted to lowland fields. Traditionally, tillage and puddling were practiced seasonally in lowland fields on a regular schedule every year. Rice cultivation technology was developed and supported by regional irrigation systems that created stable environments for typical paddy weeds to complete their life cycle. After the introduction of chemical weed control, rice fields became very severe habitats for these paddy weeds, where they could not grow and reproduce without strategies for survival under herbicide exposure. Even so, many of the traditional paddy weeds survived because of their accumulated or uneradicated seed banks, although several aquatic plants were listed as endangered or threatened species. The important weed species changed, sometimes rapidly and sometimes slowly, depending both on their reproductive system and their biological response towards field management and weed control systems. Very recently, the level of perennial weeds, herbicide‐resistant weeds, and weedy rice has increased in paddy fields that are highly dependent on herbicide use. In addition, several hygrophyte species have invaded paddy fields. In order to address these issues, the improvement and application of integrated weed management methods are expected to be critical.     

Risikoanalyse von gebietsfremden Pflanzen—Das neue Konzept der EPPO

The European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organisation (EPPO) aims to prevent the entry and spread of organisms harmful to both cultivated and wild plants. Basing their activities on those of the Convention on Biological Diversity and the International Plant Protection Convention, the EPPO is developing a new concept for invasive alien species and ‘plants as pests’. A pest risk analysis is necessary in most cases to identify which organisms should be regulated and how. In accordance with the International Plant Protection Convention, an EPPO risk assessment standard exists for this purpose which has now been revised to be applicable also to potentially invasive alien plants and assess the effects they pose to the uncultivated environment. In 2003, the EPPO sent a questionnaire to its 44 member states asking for plants which have been intentionally or unintentionally introduced and are considered invasive. The member countries reported hundreds of species, of which 42 were selected for further assessment. This may result in recommendations for regulations and measures against the introduction and spread of all or some of these plants.