用高新技术改造传统水产业

用高新技术发改造传统水产业是当前水产界讨论的热点，海洋世界和知识经济时代即将来临，大力发展高新技术，实现产业化，推动传统水产业升级，成为加快水产业发展至重要的环节，本文作者就用高技术，改造传统水产业阐明一些新的见解。     

走出家鱼人工繁殖的误区

阐述了当前家鱼人工繁殖过程中存在的4个误区及危害性.应选留天然野生家鱼为亲鱼,杜绝近亲繁殖;重视亲鱼春季及产前培育的同时,切实抓好其产后及秋季培育;反对对催产药物的过份依靠,充分发挥生态条件的作用;重视亲体对后代遗传的影响,反对降低产卵亲鱼的体重和体质标准.     

走出家鱼人工繁殖的误区

阐述了当前家鱼人工繁殖过程中存在的４个误区及危害性。应选留天然野生家鱼为亲鱼，杜绝近亲繁殖；重视亲鱼春季及产前培育的同时，切实抓好其产后及秋季培育；反对对催产药物的过份依靠，充分发挥生态条件的作用；重视亲体对后代遗传的影响，反对降低产卵亲鱼的体重和体质标准。     

养虾池底播魁蚶技术研究

对养虾池混养魁蚶的底质选择、播苗密度、苗种规格、池水调近和魁蚶在虾池中越冬等进行了试验研究，２７０亩混养试验池，平均亩产对虾１０６．３ｋｇ，魁蚶１２４．１ｋｇ，混养比单养平均亩增效益１４３８．４元，总增效益３８．８４万元。技术鉴定认为：本研究成果属国内领先水平。     

Channel catfish virus: interaction with the cytoskeleton

The infection of channel catfish ovarian cells with channel catfish virus results in the redistribution of all cytoskeletal elements during virus-induced syncytium formation. Actin filaments are normally arranged as large stress fibres, even during early stages of infection, but become redistributed as densely staining regions near the centre of the syncytium in latent infection. Microtubules and vimentin filaments (easily visible in early infection) lose all visible organization during syncytium formation. Stabilization of microtubules with taxol results in the production of elongate syncytia with regularly organized microtubules. Conversely, disruption of microtubules with nocodazole inhibits cell fusion and causes a reduction in infectious virus production. This reduction upon treatment with nocodazole, and the subsequent rescue of virus production upon addition of taxol indicates that viral replication relies upon the presence of microtubules.     

泉上水库施化肥养鱼试验报告

2002～2003年施用化肥养鱼,鱼产量、渔业效益大幅提高。2年收成鱼13.32万尾,成活率达57.9%,鱼产量151.45t,年平增产63.3t。总产值68.83万元,纯收入20.51万元,投入产出比为1∶1.42。     

采用蛋白质组学方法研究嗜水气单胞菌的生长代谢

采用蛋白质组学的方法之一－－二维电泳技术，对嗜水气单胞菌生长周期中各不同阶段的蛋白质组成进行了分析。结果显示，在不同生长阶段，其蛋白质组成均发生明显变化，发现了与细菌生长代谢各阶段生理活动有关的差异蛋白质，有助于浓入了解嗜水气单胞水气单胞菌生长周期中不同阶段的基因组表达情况，同时，还对二维电泳和普通SDS－聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳进行比较。结果表明，二维电泳技术是研究蛋白质组学的有效工具。     

广东流水养殖鲟鱼的探讨

鲟鱼类是大型名贵鱼类 ,其肉味鲜美 ,营养丰富 ,尤其是其卵子加工成鱼子酱 ,在国际市场上享有盛名 ,被誉为“黑色珍珠” ,价格昂贵 ,刺激了人们争相养殖的积极性。由于种种因素 ,我国的鲟鱼资源远远满足不了养殖生产的需要 ,继八十年代引入美洲匙吻鲟后 ,近年又相继引入俄罗斯鲟、西伯利亚鲟、小体鲟以及杂交鲟等优良品种 ,养殖区域不断扩大和南移。在广东地区 ,仅见有中华鲟分布。本文探讨广东亚热带地区人工养殖鲟鱼的可能性 ,为今后发展鲟鱼类的养殖 ,丰富广东地区的养殖品种 ,优化养殖结构提供一些依据。1　材料与方法1 1　实验地点分…     

潮间带垒石蒙网养鲍技术研究

1994年4月～1995年10月，在4个岩礁区共设置136个石垛，放养壳长1．3～3．0cm鲍苗55．1万只，进行潮间带垒石蒙网养鲍试验。对场址选择、放养密度、规格、投饵方法等进行了研究。结果：产商品鲍19．254t，平均亩产1397．8kg，平均壳长6．81cm，平均个体重39g，成活率89．6％，实现产值693.144万元、利润352.81万元。专家鉴定认为，养殖方式为国内首创，技术水平属世界先进。     

洛美沙星治疗斑点叉尾鮰肠道败血症的初步研究

采用试管稀释法对鮰爱德华氏菌进行体外抑菌试验,测定其最小抑菌浓度(MIC);采用腹腔注射,进行急性毒性试验,检测洛美沙星对斑点叉尾鮰的毒性作用;结合体外抑菌试验和急性毒性试验的结果,配制一定浓度的洛美沙星,对人工感染鮰爱德华氏菌的斑点叉尾鮰进行浸泡治疗,检测该药对斑点叉尾鮰肠道败血症的治疗效果。试验结果表明:洛美沙星对体外鮰爱德华氏菌的M IC为7.57×10-5mg/mL,对斑点叉尾鮰未表现出明显的毒性作用,其对由鮰爱德华氏菌引起的肠道败血症的最佳浸泡治疗浓度约为1.14×10-3mg/mL。     

Settling velocity distribution of bioflocules generated with different carbon sources during the rearing of the river shrimp Cryphiops caementarius with biofloc technology

Controlling the concentration of bioflocs is one of the main concerns in aquaculture systems with Biofloc Technology (BFT). Biofloc accumulation deteriorates the water quality and can negatively affect the production rates of the farmed river shrimp. This study describes and characterizes the settling velocity distribution of bioflocs generated with the addition of two carbon sources (molasses and chancaca) when applying the BFT for the rearing of the river shrimp Cryphiops caementarius. This study revealed that bioflocs generated with different carbon sources have different settling velocity curves. Regarding the mass fraction settling velocities, there were significant differences (P < 0.05) for mean solids fraction at similar withdrawn times between molasses and chancaca. The average settling velocities for bioflocs were 0.1044 ± 0.1224 cm s⁻¹ for molasses and 0.1131 ± 0.1225 cm s⁻¹ for chancaca. Therefore, a settling device operating with a given overflow rate will more efficiently remove bioflocs generated with chancaca than with molasses. The settling velocity curves obtained in this research contain valuable information to select appropriate devices for bioflocs and suspended solids removal in aquaculture systems with BFT.     

Anesthesia in dogs with the combination preparation Tilest 500

Tilest 500 contains tiletamine and the water-soluble benzodiazepine zolazepam in the ratio 1:1. The drug was administered intramuscularly in ten dogs at a dosage of 10 mg/kg bwt of tiletamine and 10 mg/kg bwt of zolazepam and tested for its effects on hemodynamics, respiration, and the antagonistic effect of flumazenil. Initial effects occurred quickly, analgesia and muscle relaxation were excellent 10 minutes after administration. There was a highly significant increase in heart rate and a slight decrease in both mean arterial blood pressure and arterial pO2. In a second group of ten dogs the interventricular paraconal branch of the left coronary artery was ligated which induced local myocardial ischemia. Here Tilest 500 showed electrostabilizing and antifibrillatory properties even in the presence of severe arrhythmias. The benzodiazepine compound of this drug combination can be antagonized by flumazenil. To avoid excitatory reactions flumazenil should not be injected earlier than 45 to 60 minutes after administration of Tilest 500.     

七彩神仙鱼的人工养殖技术

七彩神仙原产于亚马逊河的贝雷(Belem)河口到上游的伊基特斯之间的广大流域，因其美丽的姿色而倾倒广大鱼迷朋友。它具有极高的观赏价值，是热带鱼中的极品，因此，它的人工养殖技术更是为人们所迫切掌握的。笔者愿就几年来对七彩神仙的养殖经验与广大鱼迷交流。     

On species and speciation with reference to the fishes

The nature of species and the processes in which they participate are subjects of continuing debate among evolutionary biologists. I begin by examining how ichthyologists treat species empirically. Such treatments provide a pattern of species and their relationships over time and space. I suggest that this empirical record points to a predominant mode of speciation: vicariant, Model I, allopatric speciation. I also suggest that species are real and that they are individuals. There is a single species concept, the evolutionary species concept (ESC), that best captures the way we think about fish species. This concept is also well integrated with the manner in which species are treated in Phylogenetic Systematics and with the philosophical concept that species are particulars rather than universals.     

Indirect blood pressure determination in the horse with the Dinamap 1255 research monitor

In 26 horses measurings of blood pressure, using the Dinamap 1255 research monitor, were performed and compared for accuracy with blood pressure values obtained by direct measurement in the arteria carotis. It was found that oscillometrically ascertained initial blood values in standing horses have a sufficient correlation to initial blood pressure values obtained by direct measurement. But every blood pressure change is registered too late, when using the oscillometric blood pressure apparatus. This temporal delay becomes unacceptable, when a considerable increase in blood pressure occurs. A reliable oscillometric blood pressure measurement with uneven and irregular pulse waves is not possible at all.     

Preparation of nori Pyropia yezoensis enriched with free amino acids by aging the culture with nori koji

Koji is commonly used in manufacturing Japanese fermented products and promotes enzymatic degradation. In recent years, a seaweed koji has been developed by culturing Aspergillus oryzae on nori Pyropia yezoensis. In the present study, we prepared nori koji by culturing A. oryzae on high- and low-quality noris and then mixing this preparation with additional dried nori. Suitable fermentation conditions for increasing the taste-active components of the nori mixed with nori koji were investigated. The mixture of nori and koji prepared from high-quality nori, with added water, cultured for 120 days at 10 °C, provided the greatest increase (7 times) in free amino acids. The changes in taste after culturing the nori and koji mixture were evaluated using a taste-sensing system. The sourness score of the nori and koji mixture increased significantly, but the scores for other attributes such as bitterness and umami richness did not increase after culture. The present study has demonstrated a clear increase in the free amino acid content of nori and a modification in the taste score by aging the culture with nori koji. These results will encourage the development of ‘aged seaweed,’ a novel value-added product with nutritional and taste elements modified using seaweed koji.

     

池塘双季主养雄性罗非鱼试验

在２口面积１亩的池塘中开展双季主养雄性罗非鱼试验,采取沙管井取水升温,放养较大规格鱼种,投喂优质饵料,强化水质管理,连续充氧等技术措施,获总产７５１７ｋｇ,其中罗非鱼６５７１ｋｇ,总产值９７９６４元,平均亩利税１３４７１．５元。试验一池双季主养雄性罗非鱼经济效益显著,完全可行。     

缢蛏对养殖水体净化能力的研究

测定恒温20℃下24 h、48 h、72 h、96 h时试验水体的pH、DO、COD和氨氮值,与初始值和对照组作比较分析。经缢蛏96 h净化后,污染海水的pH值升高了7.79%,DO值升高了47.25%,而COD值降低了23.60%,氨氮降低了15.94%。实验表明:缢蛏对养殖水体中的DO、COD和氨氮具有一定的净化能力。     

蟹鳜混养塘套养细鳞斜颌鲴增效技术研究

在蟹鳜混养池塘套养细鳞斜颌鲴,严格控制鳜鲴鱼种放养时间、规格和密度,避免鲴被鳜摄食。养殖季节禁止使用敌百虫等杀虫药物。细鳞斜颌鲴放养时间控制在3月底前,放养规格为13 cm/尾以上,每667 m2放养量为40尾,当年规格达250~350 g/尾,667 m2净利润140元。