两株水牛伊氏锥虫内转录间隔区基因序列的测定与系统进化关系

为研究从水牛分离到的伊氏锥虫广西株和湖北株的分类学地位,对2株伊氏锥虫的核糖体基因内转录间隔区(ITS1-5.8S-ITS2)基因进行了克隆和测序分析.用CLUSTALXl.83软件多重比对分析了序列差异,应用MEGA4.0软件绘制系统进化树.结果表明,这2株水牛伊氏锥虫的ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 rRNA基因扩增产物分别为1 102 bp和1 095 bp,序列存在多态性,其中广西株的ITS-1序列长为340 bp,ITS-2序列长为582 bp,湖北株的ITS-1序列长为339bp,ITS-2序列长为587 bp.系统进化分析显示,这2株伊氏锥虫分布在同一大枝的不同亚群中.     

3种冠环线虫rDNA-ITS的PCR扩增及序列分析

本试验利用PCR扩增3种冠环线虫5个样品的核糖体DNA内转录间隔区(ITS)及5.8S片段,将PCR扩增产物纯化后直接进行序列测定和分析。序列比对和分析结果显示,所测样品ITS1-5.8S-ITS2的长度范围为748~843 bp,总变异位点(包括gaps)119个,简约信息位点18个;其中ITS1和ITS2的长度范围分别为367~370 bp和228~320 bp,变异位点分别为14个和105个,简约信息位点均为9个。所有测试样品的5.8S片段完全相同,长度为153 bp。5条序列ITS1区的G+C含量(48.0%~48.5%)明显高于ITS2区(37.7%~40.3%)。通过序列两两比对,3种冠环线虫ITS1和ITS2的种间差异性分别为1.9%~3.5%和5.6%~31.8%;而种内差异性分别为0~0.5%和0~0.9%。并且所测序列与GenBank中已知序列的同源性为99.07%~99.41%。本研究认为,ITS序列可以作为冠环线虫种类鉴定的分子标记。     

家蚕灰僵病病原的鉴定

家蚕灰僵病(grey muscardine)是一类不常见的真菌病,其病原一直未能确定。从感染灰僵病的家蚕体中分离获得一株棒束孢(Isaria),菌株编号为RCEF197,测定了该菌株的ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 rDNA区域序列,研究了该菌株的菌落和显微形态特征。与一些近似的棒束孢和拟青霉(Paecilomyces)的ITS序列进行比较,该菌株和爪哇棒束孢菌株CBS134.22的相似性为99.8%,在构建的棒束孢属部分种的系统发育树中,该菌株与爪哇棒束孢聚为一类,再结合该菌株具有的淡灰紫色菌落和长椭圆形分生孢子大小等形态学特征,将家蚕灰僵病的病原确定为爪哇棒束孢Isaria javanica。     

Characterization of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Dermanyssus gallinae</Emphasis> (Acarina: Dermanissydae) by sequence analysis of the ribosomal internal transcribed spacer regions

In the present work mites previously identified as Dermanyssus gallinae De Geer (Acari, Mesostigmata) using morphological keys were investigated by molecular tools. The complete internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1), 5.8S ribosomal DNA, and ITS2 region of the ribosomal DNA from mites were amplified and sequenced to examine the level of sequence variations and to explore the feasibility of using this region in the identification of this mite. Conserved primers located at the 3’end of 18S and at the 5’start of 28S rRNA genes were used first, and amplified fragments were sequenced. Sequence analyses showed no variation in 5.8S and ITS2 region while slight intraspecific variations involving substitutions as well as deletions concentrated in the ITS1 region. Based on the sequence analyses a nested PCR of the ITS2 region followed by RFLP analyses has been set up in the attempt to provide a rapid molecular diagnostic tool of D. gallinae.     

基于ITS1-5.8S rRNA-ITS2序列兔肝球虫PCR检测方法的建立

通过对多种鸡球虫和松鼠球虫18S rRNA和28S rRNA进行序列比对分析,在18S rRNA 3’端和28S rRNA 5’端保守区设计艾美耳属通用引物,以斯氏艾美耳球虫洛阳分离株LY卵囊基因组DNA为模板首次成功克隆到斯氏艾美耳球虫完整的ITS1-5.8S rRNA-ITS2序列,其大小为1178bp,其中ITS1序列长度为423bp,5.8S rRNA为155 bp,ITS2为600 bp,斯氏艾美耳球虫LY株ITS1/2序列高度变异,与鸡球虫、啮齿动物球虫的序列同源性低于60%。然后在斯氏艾美耳球虫ITS1/2序列超变区设计种特异引物,建立了灵敏、特异的PCR检测方法。本研究结果将为兔球虫强致病种的临床诊断和揭示兔球虫种群遗传特征提供有效的分子工具。     

斯氏艾美耳球虫ITS1-5.8S rRNA-ITS2序列的克隆及PCR检测方法的建立

通过对多种鸡球虫和松鼠球虫18SrRNA和28SrRNA进行序列比对分析,在18SrRNA 3′端和28SrRNA 5′端保守区设计艾美耳属通用引物,以斯氏艾美耳球虫洛阳分离株LY卵囊基因组DNA为模板首次成功克隆到斯氏艾美耳球虫完整的ITS1-5.8SrRNA-ITS2序列,其大小为1 178bp,其中ITS1序列长度为423bp,5.8SrRNA为155bp,ITS2为600bp,斯氏艾美耳球虫LY株ITS1/2序列高度变异,与鸡球虫、啮齿动物球虫的序列相似性低于60%。然后在斯氏艾美耳球虫ITS1/2序列超变区设计种特异引物,建立了灵敏、特异的PCR检测方法。本研究结果将为兔球虫强致病种的临床诊断和揭示兔球虫种群遗传特征提供有效的分子工具。     

Sinonasal and sino-orbital aspergillosis in 23 cats: aetiology, clinicopathological features and treatment outcomes

Aetiology, clinicopathological findings and treatment outcomes were documented in 23 cats (1.5-13 years of age) with sinonasal (SNA, n=6) or sino-orbital (SOA, n=17) aspergillosis. Cases recruited retrospectively and prospectively were included if fungal hyphae were identified on cytological or histological examination and the fungal pathogen was identified by PCR and DNA sequencing (ITS1 or ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 regions, rDNA gene cluster). Fungal culture was positive in 22/23 cases. In cases of SNA, the fungal pathogen was Aspergillus fumigatus (n=4), Neosartorya fischeri or A. lentulus (n=1) or a non-speciated Neosartorya spp. (n=1). In all cases of SOA (n=17), the fungal pathogen was identified as Neosartorya spp. Nine cats had brachycephalic conformation. Cats with SNA were more likely to be infected with A. fumigatus and had a better prognosis than cats with SOA.     

西北部分地区猪蛔虫rDNAITS基因序列测定及遗传变异分析

为了摸清西北部分地区猪蛔虫内转录间隔区(ITS)的遗传变异特点,扩增了猪蛔虫ITS基因,进行测序,依据GenBank公布的ITS序列将测序结果截为ITS1、5.8S及ITS2三段,分析比对各段序列的差异性。结果显示,所有样品ITS序列长约1 000bp,其中ITS1、5.8S和ITS2的长度分别为450bp~453bp、159bp、272bp,种内差异分别为0~0.2%、0、0。基于ITS1的种系发育分析表明,23个猪蛔虫样品均位于同一分支,而与贝蛔属蛔虫分属两个不同分支。ITS1序列不能作为区分西北不同地区猪蛔虫的种内分子标记,但可以作为区分蛔属蛔虫与贝蛔属蛔虫的种间分子标记,研究结果为猪蛔虫的鉴定和分子流行病学调查提供了基础资料。     

Development of conventional multiplex PCR method for discrimination between Dispharynx nasuta and Cheilospirura hamulosa (Nematoda: Acuariidae) parasitizing poultry

The poultry infections caused by Dispharynx nasuta and Cheilospirura hamulosa nematodes are difficult to be diagnosed by fecal examination because of their egg similarity. In this study, we analyzed DNA sequences of nuclear ribosomal 18S-ITS1-5.8S-ITS2-28S region of D. nasuta and C. hamulosa and developed conventional multiplex PCR method using species-specific primers for discriminating between the two species. The method amplified 455-bp and 319-bp fragments specific to D. nasuta and C. hamulosa, respectively, and did not produce them against the other chicken nematode species, Ascaridia galli, Oxyspirura mansoni, Heterakis gallinarum, Heterakis beramporia, and Heterakis indica, suggesting that the multiplex PCR is sensitive and available for species diagnosis.     

Articular aspergillosis of hip joints in turkeys

Aspergillosis is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in birds. Turkey poults are known to be particularly susceptible to fungal infection. Although the respiratory tract is the most commonly affected, dissemination can occur into virtually any organ. Here, we report an unusual outbreak of articular aspergillosis in a flock of meat turkeys with clinical signs of lameness. Between 7 and 11 weeks of age, turkeys had severe granulomatous osteoarthritis of the hip joints with necrosis of the femur head. Fungal morphology and PCR amplification and sequencing of the first ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 rDNA region identified Aspergillus fumigatus as the infectious agent. Concurrently, Staphylococcus spp. was isolated from the hip joints, which may have promoted the tropism of the fungus. Mild respiratory tract aspergillosis was observed in only one case. The findings suggest that fungal arthritis may present a specific disease entity in turkeys and should be considered as further cause of lameness in turkeys.     

进境太平洋鳕鱼寄生的异尖科线虫rDNA-ITS 序列的PCR扩增及分析

以日本进境的冻太平洋鳕鱼体内分离出的异尖科线虫为研究对象,采用寄生虫通用引物NC5和NC2扩增其核糖体DNA(rDNA)的内转录间隔区(ITS)序列,进行克隆、转化、测序和序列分析,并对样品进行分子鉴定。结果表明,扩增的异尖科线虫样品的ITS序列片段大小为906 bp,包含部分的18S、28S及全部的ITS1(353 bp)、5.8S(157 bp)和ITS2(299 bp)序列,ITS1和ITS2序列与GenBank登录的伪新地蛔线虫(Pseudoterranova decipiens)同源性均为在99.7%以上,与其他线虫的相似性较低。由ITS1和ITS2序列构建的系统进化树可知,从鳕鱼中分离到的线虫ITS1和ITS2均与伪新地蛔线虫处于同一分支。本研究结果为异尖科线虫种属的确定及进一步的分子生物学研究奠定基础。     

大熊猫蛔虫ITS及5.8SrDNA序列的克隆与分析

基于核糖体DNA第一与第二转录间隔序列以及5.8S序列,以分离自广州动物园大熊猫体内的蛔虫为研究对象,用保守引物NC_5和NC_2对核糖体DNA（rDNA）的内转录间隔区ITS-1,ITS-2及5.8S序列进行PCR扩增,扩增后的片段纯化后克隆至pGEM-Teasy载体,重组质粒通过菌液PCR鉴定后,对阳性菌落进行序列测定及分析,鉴定大熊猫蛔虫的种类。结果显示,目的片段总长为910 bp,2个不同样品之间的ITS及5.8S序列没有差异,与GenBank~（TM）中的拜林蛔线虫（Baylisascaris transfuga）、猪蛔虫（Ascaris suum）和人蛔虫（Ascaris lumbricoides）的ITS序列相似性分别为96.6%、82.9%和82.7%。结果表明,此次分离的大熊猫蛔线虫可能为拜林蛔线虫。     

河北兔场皮肤病原真菌rDNA-ITS序列分析

利用皮肤真菌核糖体内转录间隔区（ITS）序列通用引物,对采自河北省兔场的5种皮肤真菌病进行了PCR扩增,ITS区的克隆、测序、序列变异及遗传进化关系分析。经与GenBank核酸序列数据库数据比对和形态学观察结果表明：有4种真菌被鉴定,分别为须毛癣菌、多聚曲霉、球孢白僵菌和产黄青霉,1种未鉴定;不同病原菌的5.8SrDNA序列高度保守,而ITS区的变异性则较高。该研究确定ITS区序列分析可用于兔皮肤病原真菌的分离。     

长颈鹿血矛线虫ITS的PCR扩增与序列分析

目的利用分子生物学方法对来自长颈鹿皱胃的血矛线虫进行虫种鉴定。方法对样品XM9和XM11的核糖体DNA内转录间隔区(ITS-1、5.8 S、ITS-2)进行PCR扩增及序列分析,并与GenBank公布的血矛线虫(Hae-monchus)相应序列进行比较。结果来自长颈鹿皱胃的2条血矛线虫具有相同的ITS序列,5.8 S与ITS-1分别为153 bp、404 bp,与GenBank分布的捻转血矛线虫序列是一致的。ITS-2序列为231 bp,第753位是一个多态位点,该序列与来自国外的H.contortus,H.placei,H.longistipes存在0-18个碱基差异。结论来自长颈鹿的血矛线虫是捻转血矛线虫。     

Sequence polymorphism in the ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacers differs among Theileria species

The genomic region spanning the two ribosomal RNA internal transcribed spacers (ITS1 and ITS2) and the 5.8S rRNA gene was cloned and sequenced from sixteen Theileria isolates. Each Theileria species possessed ITS1 and ITS2 of unique size(s) and species specific nucleotide sequences. Varying degrees of ITS1 and ITS2 intra- and inter-species sequence polymorphism were found among ruminant Theileria species. The spacers were most polymorphic in the agent of tropical theileriosis, Theileria annulata, and were more conserved in two benign species, Theileria buffeli and Theileria sergenti Chitose. Phylogenetic analysis of the rDNA ITS1-5.8S rRNA gene-ITS2 region clearly separated each taxon, placing them in three clusters. One held T. annulata, Theileria parva, and Theileria mutans, with the latter two most closely related. The second held T. sergenti Ikeda, T. sergenti Chitose, and T. buffeli, with the latter two most closely related. The third cluster held the Theileria ovis isolates.     

Prevalence and molecular typing of Giardia spp. in captive mammals at the zoo of Zagreb, Croatia

A total of 131 faecal samples from 57 mammalian species housed at the zoo of Zagreb, Croatia, were tested for the presence of Giardia spp. cysts using epifluorescence microscopy. The overall prevalence (29%) was high, yet all animals were asymptomatic at the time of sampling. Positive samples were characterized by PCR and sequence analysis of both conserved and variable loci, for the identification of Giardia species and G. duodenalis assemblages and genotypes. Assemblages A and C were identified in Artiodactyla, assemblage B in Primates, Rodentia and Hyracoidea, and assemblages A, B, C and D, as well as Giardia microti, in Carnivora. Genotyping at the ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 region, at the triose phosphate isomerase, glutamate dehydrogenase and beta-giardin genes revealed extensive polymorphisms, particularly among assemblage B isolates. A phylogenetic analysis of concatenated sequences showed that isolates from captive mammals housed at the zoo are genetically different from isolates of human and domestic animal origin. This is the first survey in a zoological garden to include a molecular characterization of the parasite, and provides novel sequence data of G. duodenalis from many previously uncharacterized hosts.     

鸡蛔虫凉山州分离株ITS和5.8SrDNA序列测定及种系发育分析

应用保守引物BD1和BD2对7个鸡蛔虫凉山州分离株的核糖体DNA内转录间隔区(ITS)及5.8S rDNA序列进行PCR扩增和序列测定,并用ITS-1、ITS-2序列重构鸡蛔虫与其他蛔虫的系统发育关系。测序结果显示所获得的鸡蛔虫ITS及5.8S rDNA序列大小为974~989 bp,同源性为98.9%~100.0%。其中ITS-1、5.8S rDNA和ITS-2片段大小分别为473~481、157和337~359 bp,同源性分别为98.5%~100.0%、100.0% 和98.5%~100.0%。系统发育树显示所有鸡蛔虫分离株聚在同一分支,能与其他蛔虫相区别。研究结果表明,鸡蛔虫的ITS-1、ITS-2序列种内变异小,但种间差异大,故可作为分子标记用于鸡蛔虫的虫种鉴定,为鸡蛔虫的分子分类、分子流行病学调查和种群遗传的进一步研究奠定基础。     

山东兔场皮肤真菌病病原rDNA-ITS区序列测定及分析

利用皮肤真菌核糖体内转录间隔区（Internal transcribed spacer,ITS）序列通用引物,对采自山东地区主要兔场的皮肤真菌病的16株分离菌进行了PCR扩增,ITS区的克隆、测序、序列变异及遗传进化关系分析。经与Gen-Bank核酸序列数据库数据比对结果表明：16株病菌分别为须癣毛癣菌（12/16,75%）、犬小孢子菌（2/16,12.5%）、石膏样小孢子菌（2/16,12.5%）;不同病原菌的5.8SrDNA序列高度保守,而ITS区的变异性则较高;对该区序列的聚类分析表明,不同种菌株ITS1比ITS2在碱基构成和序列长度上有更大变异;而种内各菌株的ITS1和ITS2在长度上均没有变异,碱基构成上存在微小的变异,可基于该区进行兔皮肤真菌的分类鉴定。该研究确定了兔皮肤病原PCR检测特异引物的靶序列,为兔皮肤真菌病病原的特异性分子鉴定提供了可靠的靶标,为兔皮肤真菌的科学分类提供了分子依据。     

Detection of Tritrichomonas foetus by polymerase chain reaction in cultured isolates, cervicovaginal mucus, and formalin-fixed tissues from infected heifers and fetuses.

A rapid, reliable polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay, originally developed for definitive laboratory identification of the bovine venereal pathogen Tritrichomonas foetus from cultures of male reproductive tract fluids, was used for testing the following: 1) cultured, geographically disparate trichomonad isolates, 2) formalin-fixed tissues from infected heifers and naturally infected fetuses, and 3) cervicovaginal mucus (CVM) from experimentally infected females. In 12 of 12 Western Hemisphere isolates of pathogenic T. foetus (isolated from outbreaks of clinical trichomoniasis or from screening surveys) and in 1 of 1 American Type Culture Collection strain of Tritrichomonas suis, PCR yielded a positive result, i.e., a 347-base pair amplicon in the 5.8S ribosomal RNA and internal transcribed spacer (5.8S-ITS) region of the genome, whereas cultures of Trichomonas vaginalis and Trichomonas gallinae did not produce a PCR product. The PCR assay was also positive in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded endometrial samples from 4 of 4 experimentally infected heifers, as well as in archived tissues from 2 of 2 T. foetus-infected aborted bovine fetuses that were submitted to the diagnostic laboratory from a natural outbreak. It was negative in fixed, embedded uterine tissues of 2 of 2 uninfected virgin heifers used as negative controls and in archived fixed gut tissue of a T. gallinae-infected pigeon. In another experiment, CVM aspirated from 4 of 4 experimentally infected heifers in the fifth or sixth postinfection week yielded a positive PCR product of the expected size, whereas CVM from 2 of 2 controls were PCR negative. Pending validation in larger clinical studies, the PCR assay for the 5.8S-ITS coding region of the T. foetus genome offers the prospect of definitive identification of this agent directly from CVM or from formalin-fixed tissues or when false-positive culture results are suspected.     

小熊猫蛔虫ITS及5.8S rDNA序列的克隆与分析

以广州动物园小熊猫体内分离出的蛔虫为研究对象,运用PCR方法,以保守引物NC5和NC2扩增其核糖体DNA（rDNA）的内转录间隔区（ITS）和5.8S序列,并对扩增后的片段进行纯化、克隆至pGEM-Teasy载体、转化、测序和序列分析,以鉴定小熊猫蛔虫的种类。结果显示2条蛔虫样品的ITS及5.8S rDNA序列基本一致,总长为913 bp,样品间序列相似性为99.7%。将序列与GenBank^TM公布的相关序列进行比较分析,结果显示2条蛔虫的ITS及5.8S序列与黑熊横走贝蛔虫（Baylisascaris transfuga注册号AB571304）相似性分别为98.1%、98.4%,与大熊猫西氏贝蛔虫（Baylisascaris schroederi注册号JN210912）相似性分别为96.9%、97.1%,与猪蛔虫（Ascaris suum注册号AB571302）相似性分别为89.9%、90.1%,与人蛔虫（Ascaris lumbricoides注册号AB571296）相似性分别为89.8%、90.1%,ITS-1序列与浣熊贝蛔虫（Baylisascaris procyonis注册号AB053230）相似性分别为92.0%、92.3%。研究结果表明小熊猫体内分离的蛔虫可能为贝蛔属蛔虫,从而为蛔虫的进一步分类、鉴定和遗传变异研究奠定了基础。