开展"四个突破"以实施科学防治血吸虫病

安徽省无为县位于长江下游北岸 ,血吸虫病流行区有 1 8个乡镇 ,钉螺面积 30 71 .6万 m2 ,存栏耕牛1 0 6 5 7头 ,猪 1 4 .7万只 ,羊 35 0 0只。“九五”初期 ,人、牛血吸虫病感染率分别为 2 2 .2 %和 3.9% ,是血吸虫病重疫区 ,通过开展“四个突破”实施科学防治 ,钉螺面积下降至 1 786 .4万 m2 ,人、畜血吸虫病感染率分别下降至 7.9%和1 .2 % ,经济社会效益显著 ,由国家级贫困县跨入全省畜牧业十强之列     

山区家畜日本血吸虫病的防治

根据山区家畜日本血吸虫病流行病学调查研究 ,揭示了山区家畜血吸虫病流行严重且呈回升趋势。调查的清源乡 1 986年病人曾下降到 2 .9% ,本次调查回升到 1 3.3%。耕牛感染率从 2 0 %上升到2 8%。通过调查 ,耕牛在血吸虫病流行病学中占主要地位。在传播血吸虫病病源中起主导作用。同时还揭示了过去在防治血吸虫病中存在的一些技术问题。查治时间局限于 5～ 7月 ,忽略了当年 7～ 1 1月感染病畜的存在。成为翌年感染钉螺的主要传染源。1　方法1 .1　检查用塑料盅、玻璃顶管棉析法查粪 ,一粪三检直接检查毛蚴。1 .2　治疗药物用世行贷款项目指定…     

上饶市湖区家畜血吸虫病疫情调查

为了摸清上饶市湖区鄱阳、余干两县血吸虫病疫情；以乡（镇）为单元全面开展人、畜血吸虫病普查和螺情调查；结果查出病人4万余人，病牛7723头，牛血吸虫病感染率9．9％，钉螺面积27556hm^2，新发现钉螺面积7．4hm^2；调查结论认为湖区有73．6％的耕牛下湖洲有螺草洲放牧感染血吸虫病并传播病原，患血吸虫病牛是病原的主要传染源，加强对病牛的查治和管理是血防工作的重中之重。     

江宁区新生洲垦种养殖灭螺防病效果观察

新生洲是南京市江宁区长江中的一个洲滩 ,面积 6 .84 km2 ,1981年发现有螺面积 2 2万 m2 ,1996年血吸虫病暴发流行 ,人、牛、猪和羊血吸虫病感染率分别为 5 0 %、98.0 8%、6 0 %和 6 7.5 % ,1997年钉螺面积猛增到 4 2 6万 m2 ,为了改变洲上疫情进一步加剧的态势 ,1998年在洲上开展了垦种养殖 ,禁养耕牛 ,发展养鸡、鸭生产 ,综合开发灭螺防病效果试验 ,通过连续 3年试验 ,取得了显著的灭螺防病效果 ,有效地控制了血吸虫病疫情     

挖池蓄水吊养珍珠蚌治理垸内低洼有螺地带的研究

湖南省常德市鼎城区牛鼻滩镇位于西洞庭湖区 ,是湖南省血吸虫病重疫区之一 ,垸内有螺低洼地原种植水稻 ,居民和耕牛在耕作和放牧时易感染血吸虫病。 1997年人、牛血吸虫病感染率分别为 14 .79%和 16 .94 % ,通过挖池蓄水吊养珍珠蚌治理垸内有螺低洼地试验 ,试区内活螺与阳性螺密度和阳性螺率分别由设点前的 0 .0 5 8只 /0 .11m2、0 .0 0 2只 / 0 .11m2和 0 .0 345 % ,均下降至 0。人、牛血吸虫病感染率分别下降 78.94 %和 81.5 2 % ,每亩年均纯收入较种植水稻提高 10倍以上。     

吡喹酮普治血吸虫病的副反应与牛血吸虫感染相关性的试验观察

普治是血吸虫病重疫区防治对策中的一项重要举措 ,既可治愈血吸虫病牛 ,又可杀灭病原 ,阻断传播 ,兼容防治双重功效。但是 ,牛血吸虫病化疗史始终伴随副反应史 ,当前首选的吡喹酮普治牛血吸虫病仍有部分牛发生副反应 ,而普治牛中则有相当部分牛属非血吸虫病牛 ,为观察探索吡喹酮治牛血吸虫病的副反应与其血吸虫病感染存否相关性 ,课题组于 2 0 0 2年在鄱阳湖区血吸虫病重疫区的波阳县 ,结合年度普治工作进行试验观察 ,现将试验观察情况报告如下。1　材料与方法1.1　试验区基本情况　试验点选择波阳县的血防重疫区普治乡莲湖、柘港 2个乡 ,莲湖四面环湖 ,黄牛多 ,柘港面湖而居 ,水牛多 ,且有副反应史 ,2乡耕牛比较集中 ,均于鄱湖草洲上全天放牧 ,属湖沼型重疫区。据 2 0 0 2年 6月间普查 ,莲湖 (黄牛 )、柘港 (水牛 )感染率分别为 6 .0 %、5 .2 % ,详见表 1。表 1　试验乡的当年基本情况试验地点人口钉螺面积 (hm2 )耕牛存栏 (头 )牛感染率 (% )莲湖 5 40 713 894660 6.0柘港 10 82 6683 62 0 5 .21.2　试验材料　 (1)试验范围 :莲湖、...     

农业部家畜血吸虫病流行病学观测点2011年观测结果情况

2011年对8个家畜血吸虫病观测点血吸虫感染、野粪污染情况以及螺情进行了调查.全年共检测了21091头牛、1425只羊以及1760头(匹)其他家畜,血吸虫病感染率分别为0.42％、0.63％和0％.在97头(只)感染家畜中,90.72％(88头)为牛,9.28％(9只)为羊.江西省吴城镇和湖南省南大膳镇的牛血吸虫感染率超过4％.在湖南省和江西省的观测点中发现家畜粪便有血吸虫虫卵污染,其中96.15％阳性野粪为牛粪.所有观测点都有钉螺分布,但阳性钉螺主要分布在湖南省和江西省的观测点.观测结果显示湖南省洞庭湖和江西省鄱阳湖地区是目前防控家畜血吸虫病的重点地区,且病牛依然是血吸虫病疫区(尤其是湖沼型地区)的主要传染源.     

湖北省耕牛三种寄生虫病的血清流行病学联合调查

在湖北省的血吸虫病流行区,应用一血三检技术连续3年对血吸虫病、肝片吸虫病、伊氏锥虫病进行了跟踪调查,结果显示:耕牛3种寄生虫病的总感染率为15.85%.1种、2种、3种寄生虫病的感染率占感染牛总数的百分率分别为80.08.47%和3.45%.血吸虫、肝片吸虫、伊氏锥虫的感染率分别为5.33%、6.22%和7.97%.不同地区感染率之间的差异明显,不同年份间寄生虫的感染率变化不大.这一调查结果对上述几种寄生虫病的防治具有重要意义.     

甘肃省永靖县羊血液原虫病流行病学调查

1998～ 2 0 0 0年对永靖县血液原虫病进行了流行病学等调查 ,查明其病原为羊泰勒虫和绵羊无浆体 ;该病流行于东部和西南山区 7乡 38村。羊泰勒虫感染率为 5 0 .1% ,1岁以上与 1岁以内羊感染率分别为 2 5 .4%、5 5 .9% ;绵羊无浆体感染率为 5 9.6 % ,1岁以上与 1岁以内羊感染率分别为 5 0 .9%、6 1.7% ;发病季节为 3～ 5月份 ;发病年龄为 1岁 (含 1岁 )内羔羊 ,尤以 2～ 5月龄羔羊发病率最高 ,有的高达 6 3.9% ,致死率达 5 7.8%。绵、山羊发病率无差异。调查发现流行区蜱种有革蜱属、血蜱属和璃眼蜱属 3属 4种 ,共采集鉴定 15 45只 (森林革蜱 5 86只 ,草原革蜱 39只 ,青海血蜱 2 6 8只 ,麻点璃眼蜱 6 42只 )。青海血蜱和森林革蜱为流行区羊体寄生的广布种。羊泰勒虫传播媒介为青海血蜱 ,绵羊无浆体传媒为草原革蜱。麻点璃眼蜱在我县属首次报道     

实行承包制,搞好耕牛血防工作

我区是全省血吸虫病的重疫区之一。疫区耕牛46992头,现有钉螺面积26万余亩。随着农村生产责任制的落实,我区耕牛血吸虫病的防治工作取得了较好的成绩,查治质量不断提高,近两年疫区耕牛感染血吸虫病的数量显著下降,病牛感染率由1958年的16%和1980年     

白术、微米白术和白术多糖对断奶仔猪生长性能和肠道形态及微生态区系的影响

试验选用96头平均体重14.82 kg左右的杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分成4组,每组3栏,每栏8头(公母各半)。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖和1%微米白术。试验期30 d。结果表明:在生长性能方面,与对照组相比,1%微米白术添加组可显著提高日增重(P0.05)、降低饲料增重比和腹泻率,而且效果优于1%80目白术组和0.2%白术多糖组,在肠道形态和肠道微生态区系方面,与对照组相比,日粮添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖、1%微米白术均可不同程度的提高十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度,加深十二指肠和空肠的隐窝深度,并且增加肠道微生态区系的多样性,其中以1%微米白术添加组的效果最佳。     

Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia

Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal (GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April 2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes. But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia.     

Internal Parasites and Haematological Values in Cattle Slaughtered in Buea Subdivision of Cameroon

Tropical Animal Health and Production -     

Phase I evaluation of CCNU (lomustine) in tumor-bearing cats

1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.     

Chemotaxis of macrophage in inflammation

Our particular attention in this article was given to natural mediators for macrophages isolated from the sites of tissue injury. A number of chemotactic factors, which may satisfy many criteria making them acceptable as inflammatory leucocyte chemotactic factors, has been separated. Among them, our laboratory has isolated three macrophage (monocyte) chemotactic factors (MCF-a, -b and -c). Their purification, characterization and functional specificity are discussed.     

Prevalence of gastric lesions in racing Alaskan sled dogs

Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large.     

Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects

Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.     

Y‐chromosomal variation of local goat breeds of Turkey close to the domestication centre

Genetic variations in chromosome Y are enabling researchers to identify paternal lineages, which are informative for introgressions and migrations. In this study, the male‐specific region markers, sex‐determining region‐Y (SRY), amelogenin (AMELY) and zinc finger (ZFY) were analysed in seven Turkish native goat breeds, Angora, Kilis, Hair, Honaml?, Norduz, Gürcü and Abaza. A SNP in the ZFY gene defined a new haplotype Y2C. All domestic haplogroups originate from Capra aegagrus, while the finding of Y1A, Y1B, Y2A and Y2C in 32, 4, 126 and 2 Turkish domestic goats, respectively, appears to indicate a predomestic origin of the major haplotypes. The occurrence of four haplotypes in the Hair goat and, in contrast, a frequency of 96% of Y1A in the Kilis breed illustrate that Y‐chromosomal variants have a more breed‐dependent distribution than mitochondrial or autosomal DNA. This probably reflects male founder effects, but a role in adaptation cannot be excluded.     

Changes in proportion of canine urinary calculi composed of calcium oxalate or struvite in specimens analyzed from 1981 through 2001

The objective of this report was to characterize 20-year changes in proportion of calcium oxalate (CaOx) calculi and struvite calculi in dogs, and associations with breed, age, and sex. In this retrospective study, results of analysis of urinary calculi from dogs were reviewed for specimens received between July 1, 1981, and December 31, 2001. Breed, sex, age, year of submission of the specimen, and mineral type(s) were analyzed statistically. CaOx or Struvite or both were contained in 18,966 of 20,884 (91%) specimens. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant increase was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained CaOx. The increase in this proportion was greater in females (1% to 31%) than in males (18% to 82%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions may have plateaued, the odds of specimens containing CaOx were markedly higher in 18 breeds, markedly lower in 5 breeds, and not significantly different in 13 breeds compared with crossbreds. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant decrease was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained struvite. This decrease in proportion was greater for males (79-16%) than for females (97-68%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions plateaued, the odds of calculi containing struvite were markedly lower in 20 breeds, markedly higher in 1 breed, and not significantly different in 15 breeds when compared with crossbreds. Breed, age, and sex were associated statistically with CaOx or struvite urolithiasis. In conclusion, there appears to have been a long-term increase in the proportion of specimens of canine urinary calculi that contain CaOx as well as a long-term decrease in the proportion of specimens of calculi that contain struvite for both male and female dogs. The rate of change appeared to begin leveling off in the period 1998 to 2001. The recent proportion of dogs with either CaOx- or struvite-associated urolithiasis may depend on breed, age, and sex, and on interactions among these 3 factors.     

Smart Phone Assisted City-scale Wireless Sensor Network Deployment for Transportation System Monitoring

<正>1.INTRODUCTION Ensuring transportation network security is one Of the most daunting challenges confronting homeland security agencies today.Significant research has been dedicated.To model and analyze the vulnerability of transportation systems,while notably fewer studies propose specific strategies for deploying defensive technologies to safeguard these systems.