结缕草新品种DUS测试数量性状特异性判别

DUS测试是植物新品种保护的技术基础和授权依据。本研究按照农业部发布的结缕草属(Zoysia)DUS测试指南,对包括两个申请品种及其近似品种和标准品种在内的10份结缕草材料进行了连续两个独立生长周期的DUS测试,并使用代码法和数理统计分析法两种方法对8个数量性状的特异性进行判定,旨在为结缕草申请品种DUS数量性状的特异性判定提供依据。两种方法判定结果比较发现,使用代码法判定有特异性的数量性状不一定在统计学上有显著差异,而判定为没有特异性的数量性状在统计学上却可能有显著差异。为了避免特异性误判,对代码法判定有特异性的数量性状进一步做了数理统计分析。结果表明,广绿结缕草在匍匐茎节间长、叶长和种子千粒重3个数量性状上具备特异性;Z0413-1结缕草在匍匐茎节间长、叶宽和花序小穗数3个数量性状上具备特异性。     

苜蓿DUS测试标准品种SSR分子标记指纹图谱的构建

苜蓿在育种过程中,由于其异花授粉特性和骨干亲本的集中使用,导致品种间的遗传差异日益缩小,品种之间通过形态学鉴定愈加困难。通过构建苜蓿DUS测试标准品种DNA指纹图谱数据库,可以实现苜蓿品种的快速、准确鉴定。本研究利用筛选得到的10个SSR标记对33个苜蓿DUS测试标准品种进行指纹图谱构建和遗传多样性分析。结果表明,10对SSR引物共扩增出69个等位基因,平均每个标记可产生6.9个等位基因;多态性比率(PPB)从25%到90%不等,平均值为56.7%;各SSR标记的多态信息含量(PIC)范围为0.56~0.87,平均值为0.75。利用不同引物间的组合能有效区分33个苜蓿 DUS标准品种,并为每份标准品种建立了唯一标识的指纹代码,为苜蓿品种的审定和保护以及遗传背景分析提供了技术依据。     

091无核沃柑在广西南宁的试种表现及栽培要点

091无核沃柑引种至广西南宁,树势生长旺盛,枳壳砧嫁接苗定植3年后的株高为294.40cm,冠径为283.08cm×265.24cm;枳橙砧嫁接苗定植3年后株高可达335.40cm,冠径为326.84cm×310.82cm。091无核沃柑果实大小适中,果实品质好,商品性高,枳壳砧091无核沃柑平均单果重为160.25g,可溶性固形物含量为13.08%,枳橙砧091无核沃柑平均单果重为168.88g,可溶性固形物达13.68%。091无核沃柑现蕾期在2月上旬至3月上旬,开花期在3月上旬至3月下旬,其它物候期与普通沃柑相当;果实成熟期在翌年1-4月,翌年1月中下旬果皮开始为橙红色,翌年2～3月时的果实风味最佳。越冬落果极少,柑橘溃疡病、日灼、红蜘蛛、潜叶蛾和蓟马等常见病虫害均有发生,但总体上不严重。在广西南宁试种后发现存在部分果实果径较小和部分为粗皮果等主要问题。总体评价：091无核沃柑品质优秀,口感佳,值得试种。     

柱花草DUS测试标准品种DNA指纹图谱构建

为建立柱花草(Stylosanthes spp.)DUS测试标准品种DNA指纹图谱数据库,实现柱花草品种的快速、准确鉴定,利用筛选到的25个SSR标记对15份柱花草DUS测试标准品种进行了遗传多样性分析及DNA指纹图谱构建.结果表明,25个SSR标记共产生132个等位基因,每个标记可产生3～9个等位基因,平均5.280个;各SSR标记的多态性信息含量为0.393～0.847,平均为0.638.利用这25个SSR标记构建的指纹图谱能有效区分15份柱花草DUS标准品种,并为每份标准品种建立了QR二维码图谱,为SSR标记技术在柱花草DUS测试中的应用提供依据.     

重庆江田果苗 高效果园专家

正重庆市江田园林有限公司在果树领域辛勤耕耘了20余载,在新优品种方面积累了丰富的资源,在高效果园经营方面积累了丰富的经验,因此我们坚信:选择江田,就是选择好的果树老师。公司有育苗基地400亩,长期提供以下果树苗木:一、柑桔王牌品种:无核金诺桔、无核沃柑、沃柑、金葵沙糖桔江田公司投资上千万元打造的晚熟沃柑、早熟沙糖桔高标准采摘     

菜用型和果用型番木瓜表型性状表达差异性分析

本研究通过对3个菜用型和3个果用型番木瓜品种的49个表型性状进行观测,分析菜用型和果用型番木瓜表型性状表达差异性,结果表明：菜用型和果用型番木瓜在“24.果实：纵径”、“27.果实：形状”、“32.果实：单果重”等24个性状上表达结果存在明显差异,且明显差异性状主要集中在果实完熟期,其中“27.果实：形状”、“32.果实：单果重”、“42.果实：中部空腔形状”等17个性状表达结果达到极明显差异。菜用型和果用型番木瓜品种间均在“15.叶柄：花青甙显色强度”、“20.花：花冠长度”、“24.果实：纵径”等14个性状上存在明显差异,可将其确定为菜用型和果用型番木瓜差异化表达的表型性状,并作为区分两者的主要性状,番木瓜DUS测试指南和操作手册可参考玉米DUS测试指南对其中“20.花：花冠长度”、“24.果实：纵径”、“25.果实：横径”等8个表达差异较大的个体测量性状分类型进行分级,以便DUS测试中给予不同类型品种准确描述和科学判定DUS三性结论。菜用型番木瓜品种间均在“2.植株：始花高度”、“4.植株：高度”、“14.叶柄：长度”等4个性状上存在明显差异,可将其作为区分菜用型番木瓜品种的主要性状,修订番木瓜DUS测试指南时可考虑将其作为分组性状或技术问卷性状。     

箭筈豌豆新品种DUS测试指南研制—测试性状评价和参照品种筛选

以国际植物新品种保护联盟(UPOV)制定的植物新品种DUS(distinctness, uniformity and stability)测试指南总则(TG/1/3)、箭筈豌豆DUS测试指南(TG/32/7)等技术文件为指导,对箭筈豌豆DUS测试指南的核心技术内容:测试性状和参照品种等开展了研究。在国内外共收集到51个箭筈豌豆品种,并进行连续2年的田间观测。观测性状总计31个,包括UPOV箭筈豌豆DUS测试指南中的23个性状,以及本实验发现有特异性的8个新增性状。对每个测试性状的表达状态、观测时期、测定方法、观测数量等进行了分级和详尽描述。共筛选出32个参照品种(国际21个, 我国11个),确定了123个表达状态。并对UPOV 箭筈豌豆DUS测试指南中“外种皮底色”和“种子形状”表达状态的分级进行了补充。本研究结果可为我国箭筈豌豆新品种 DUS 测试指南的制定奠定技术基础,对促进我国箭筈豌豆品种保护、审定和育种工作具有重要的意义。     

重庆江田果苗 高效果园专家

正重庆市江田园林有限公司在果树领域辛勤耕耘了20载,在新优品种方面积累了丰富的资源,在高效果园经营方面积累了丰富的经验,因此我们坚信:选择江田,就是选择好的果树老师。公司有育苗基地400亩,长期提供以下果树苗木:一、柑桔王牌品种:华葵(金葵)早熟砂糖桔、无核金诺桔、无核沃柑、沃柑、由良。江田公司投资上千万元打造的晚熟沃柑、早熟沙糖桔高标准园,为你建设高效益的果园树立了学习榜样。每年的品果时间:2月-5月沃柑、10-11月华葵早熟砂糖桔。欢迎实地考察,若不满     

重庆江田果苗 高效果园专家

正重庆市江田园林有限公司在果树领域辛勤耕耘了20余载,在新优品种方面积累了丰富的资源,在高效果园经营方面积累了丰富的经验,因此我们坚信:选择江田,就是选择好的果树老师公司有育苗基地400亩,长期提供以下果树苗木:一、柑桔王牌品种:无核金诺桔、无核沃柑、沃柑、金葵沙糖桔江田公司投资上千万元打造的晚熟沃柑、早熟沙糖桔高标准采摘园,为你建设高效益的果园树立了学习榜样。毎年的品果时间:2-5月沃柑、10-11月早熟沙糖桔。欢迎实地考察,若不满意果品品质、若不满意经营模式,全额返还往返差旅费。     

披碱草属植物新品种特异性、一致性和稳定性测试

根据植物新品种特异性、一致性和稳定性(DUS)测试的原理和技术,阐述了披碱草属植物新品种DUS测试指南的研制方法、性状选择与确定、标准品种的选用和判定标准等内容。按照UPOV《TG/1/3植物新品种特异性、一致性、稳定性测试及统一描述总则》、《中国饲用植物志》等资料,结合试验中披碱草属植物品种的生长特性,编写完成了《披碱草属DUS测试指南》。筛选出26个测试性状和10个标准品种;其中,质量性状2个、数量性状20个、假质量性状4个,为我国披碱草属植物新品种评价提供了DUS测试依据。     

白术、微米白术和白术多糖对断奶仔猪生长性能和肠道形态及微生态区系的影响

试验选用96头平均体重14.82 kg左右的杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分成4组,每组3栏,每栏8头(公母各半)。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖和1%微米白术。试验期30 d。结果表明:在生长性能方面,与对照组相比,1%微米白术添加组可显著提高日增重(P0.05)、降低饲料增重比和腹泻率,而且效果优于1%80目白术组和0.2%白术多糖组,在肠道形态和肠道微生态区系方面,与对照组相比,日粮添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖、1%微米白术均可不同程度的提高十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度,加深十二指肠和空肠的隐窝深度,并且增加肠道微生态区系的多样性,其中以1%微米白术添加组的效果最佳。     

Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia

Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal (GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April 2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes. But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia.     

Internal Parasites and Haematological Values in Cattle Slaughtered in Buea Subdivision of Cameroon

Tropical Animal Health and Production -     

Phase I evaluation of CCNU (lomustine) in tumor-bearing cats

1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.     

Chemotaxis of macrophage in inflammation

Our particular attention in this article was given to natural mediators for macrophages isolated from the sites of tissue injury. A number of chemotactic factors, which may satisfy many criteria making them acceptable as inflammatory leucocyte chemotactic factors, has been separated. Among them, our laboratory has isolated three macrophage (monocyte) chemotactic factors (MCF-a, -b and -c). Their purification, characterization and functional specificity are discussed.     

Prevalence of gastric lesions in racing Alaskan sled dogs

Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large.     

Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects

Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.     

Y‐chromosomal variation of local goat breeds of Turkey close to the domestication centre

Genetic variations in chromosome Y are enabling researchers to identify paternal lineages, which are informative for introgressions and migrations. In this study, the male‐specific region markers, sex‐determining region‐Y (SRY), amelogenin (AMELY) and zinc finger (ZFY) were analysed in seven Turkish native goat breeds, Angora, Kilis, Hair, Honaml?, Norduz, Gürcü and Abaza. A SNP in the ZFY gene defined a new haplotype Y2C. All domestic haplogroups originate from Capra aegagrus, while the finding of Y1A, Y1B, Y2A and Y2C in 32, 4, 126 and 2 Turkish domestic goats, respectively, appears to indicate a predomestic origin of the major haplotypes. The occurrence of four haplotypes in the Hair goat and, in contrast, a frequency of 96% of Y1A in the Kilis breed illustrate that Y‐chromosomal variants have a more breed‐dependent distribution than mitochondrial or autosomal DNA. This probably reflects male founder effects, but a role in adaptation cannot be excluded.     

Changes in proportion of canine urinary calculi composed of calcium oxalate or struvite in specimens analyzed from 1981 through 2001

The objective of this report was to characterize 20-year changes in proportion of calcium oxalate (CaOx) calculi and struvite calculi in dogs, and associations with breed, age, and sex. In this retrospective study, results of analysis of urinary calculi from dogs were reviewed for specimens received between July 1, 1981, and December 31, 2001. Breed, sex, age, year of submission of the specimen, and mineral type(s) were analyzed statistically. CaOx or Struvite or both were contained in 18,966 of 20,884 (91%) specimens. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant increase was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained CaOx. The increase in this proportion was greater in females (1% to 31%) than in males (18% to 82%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions may have plateaued, the odds of specimens containing CaOx were markedly higher in 18 breeds, markedly lower in 5 breeds, and not significantly different in 13 breeds compared with crossbreds. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant decrease was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained struvite. This decrease in proportion was greater for males (79-16%) than for females (97-68%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions plateaued, the odds of calculi containing struvite were markedly lower in 20 breeds, markedly higher in 1 breed, and not significantly different in 15 breeds when compared with crossbreds. Breed, age, and sex were associated statistically with CaOx or struvite urolithiasis. In conclusion, there appears to have been a long-term increase in the proportion of specimens of canine urinary calculi that contain CaOx as well as a long-term decrease in the proportion of specimens of calculi that contain struvite for both male and female dogs. The rate of change appeared to begin leveling off in the period 1998 to 2001. The recent proportion of dogs with either CaOx- or struvite-associated urolithiasis may depend on breed, age, and sex, and on interactions among these 3 factors.     

Smart Phone Assisted City-scale Wireless Sensor Network Deployment for Transportation System Monitoring

<正>1.INTRODUCTION Ensuring transportation network security is one Of the most daunting challenges confronting homeland security agencies today.Significant research has been dedicated.To model and analyze the vulnerability of transportation systems,while notably fewer studies propose specific strategies for deploying defensive technologies to safeguard these systems.