参灵清瘟败毒口服液对鸡传染性支气管炎的疗效分析

目的：探讨鸡传染性支气管炎采用参灵清瘟败毒口服液防治效果。方法：选取人工感染传染性支气管炎病毒（IBV）标准株M41的海兰褐雏鸡作研究对象,于攻毒前后取3种剂量不同的参灵清瘟败毒口服液在饮水中加入,评价对鸡传染性支气管炎的防治效果。结果：低剂量组死亡率为17.50%、中剂量死亡率为12.50%、高剂量死亡率为12.82%,同抗病毒1号治疗效果相当,明显低于攻毒对照组（P<0.05）,提示针对雏鸡感染IBVM41,采用参灵清瘟败毒口服液治疗,作用显著。结论：针对鸡传染性支气管炎,采用参灵清瘟败毒口服液防治,作用显著,推荐剂量为药液0.75 ml,兑水1 L,在饮水中加入自由饮服,共用5 d,效果理想。     

参灵清瘟败毒口服液防治鸡传染性支气管炎试验

以传染性支气管炎病毒(IBV)标准株M41人工感染3周龄海兰褐雏鸡致其发病,于攻毒前后在饮水中加入3种剂量的参灵清瘟败毒口服液,观察试验鸡的临床症状、病理变化、发病率和死亡率,评价参灵清瘟败毒口服液对鸡传染性支气管炎的预防和治疗效果。结果表明,提前给予参灵清瘟败毒口服液对IBVM41攻击具有保护作用,保护率达86.9%;在攻毒后给予3种剂量的参灵清瘟败毒口服液,可有效治疗人工感染性鸡传染性支气管炎,治愈率达82.3%~87.0%;推荐剂量为0.75 mL药液兑水1 L,自由饮服,连用5 d。     

复方板蓝根制剂对人工感染鸡传染性支气管炎的防治效果

鸡传染性支气管炎（Infectious bronchitis,IB）是由传染性支气管炎病毒（IBV）引起的一种急性、高度接触性传染病。为了观察复方板监根制剂预防和治疗人工感染鸡传染性支气管炎的有效性,试验采用传染性支气管炎病毒标准株M41人工感染3周龄海兰褐雏鸡致其发病,于接种前后在其饮水中加入不同剂量的复方板蓝根制剂,观察了该药预防和治疗人工感染鸡传染性支气管炎的效果。     

清瘟败毒浸膏对NDV人工感染鸡的疗效试验

选用不同浓度清瘟败毒浸膏（饮水中添加0.5、1.0和1.5g/只）对鸡新城疫病毒（NDV）攻毒鸡只进行治疗,观察试验鸡的发病率、痊愈率、死亡率和体内抗体效价测定。结果发现清瘟败毒浸膏各组的发病率、死亡率、痊愈率和抗体效价均极显著差异于阳性对照组（P〈0.01）,其中中、高剂量组优于低剂量组金刚烷胺对照组。结果表明清瘟败毒浸膏对鸡新城疫有明显的治疗作用,且以1.0g/只清瘟败毒浸膏给药效果最佳。     

参灵清瘟败毒口服液对鸡传染性支气管炎的疗效研究

探讨参灵清瘟败毒口服液治疗鸡传染性支气管炎的临床疗效。选择800羽患有鸡传染性支气管炎的病鸡,随机分为A组、B组各400羽。A组给予参灵清瘟败毒口服液治疗,B组给予肾传肿速康和阿莫西林治疗。A组有效率(97.25%)明显高于B组(93.50%,P0.05)。参灵清瘟败毒口服液治疗鸡传染性支气管炎的效果较好,可以迅速缓解临床症状,提高治愈率。     

柴黄颗粒对人工感染鸡传染性支气管炎的防治研究

为探讨柴黄颗粒对鸡传染性支气管炎的防治效果,将400只15日龄海兰褐鸡随机均分8组:柴黄颗粒预防组,低、中、高剂量治疗组,中、西药对照组,模型对照组和健康对照组.除健康对照组外,其余各组均接种鸡传染性支气管炎病毒M41,预防组于攻毒前7d饮水中加入柴黄颗粒进行预防,各药物治疗组于攻毒48 h后进行药物治疗,直到临床症状消失.结果表明,感染前7d给予2 g/L柴黄颗粒对人工感染鸡传染性支气管炎有较好的保护作用,使其发病率降低至50％,与模型对照组比较差异显著(P＜0.05);4 g/L柴黄颗粒治疗组死亡率为5％,与模型对照组比较差异极显著(P＜0.01),治愈率为92％,与西药对照组差异极显著(P＜0.01),效果优于中药对照组.柴黄颗粒中剂量组攻毒第7天抗体滴度达到1 531.33±389.91,与模型对照组差异极显著(P＜0.01),并随时间增加而增加.2g/L预防剂量和4 g/L治疗剂量的柴黄颗粒对鸡呼吸型传染性支气管炎有较好防治效果.     

抗病毒颗粒对人工感染鸡传染性支气管炎的临床疗效试验

为研究抗病毒颗粒对鸡传染性支气管炎(IB)的治疗效果,选取SPF鸡胚测定鸡传染性支气管炎病毒(IBV)标准株M41型的鸡胚半数感染量(EID_(50))以确定攻毒剂量。选取8日龄健康雏鸡360只,随机分为6组,除空白对照组外,均用10~(4.27)EID_(50) IBV第3代鸡胚尿囊液滴鼻点眼感染雏鸡,0.2 mL/只,感染72 h。A、B、C组分别在饮水中按8 g/L水、4 g/L水、2 g/L水的剂量添加抗病毒颗粒;D组为阳性药物组,按25 g/kg饲料添加麻杏石甘散,连续给药5 d;E组为空白对照组;F组为病毒对照组。测定药物对各组雏鸡的临床疗效、平均增重、免疫器官指数、靶器官中IBV N基因的拷贝数、气管中IFN-β的表达量及其各组织病理学观察。结果显示,与F组相比,在感染IBV第12天和第15天时,A组雏鸡的法氏囊指数均显著升高(P0.05),A、B组雏鸡气管、支气管、肺脏中IBV N基因的拷贝数均显著降低(P0.05),能显著上调气管中IFN-β的表达量(P0.05),且呈剂量依赖性。研究表明,抗病毒颗粒对IB具有显著的治疗作用,值得临床推广。     

科技动态

脑肠肽类物质参与调节鸡传染性支气管炎发生过程为探讨脑肠肽类物质血管活性肠肽(VIP)在鸡传染性支气管炎发病过程中的作用,安庆师范学院和中国农业大学的研究人员用鸡传染性支气管炎病毒M41株人工感染14日龄SPF鸡,于感染后1、3、5、7、11、     

参灵清瘟败毒口服液防治鸭病毒性肝炎的试验研究

参灵清瘟败毒口服液是利用扶正固本配以清热解毒化湿等中药而组成,攻毒试验和临床试验表明:参灵清瘟败毒口服液对鸭病毒性肝炎病毒(DHV)的攻毒具有一定保护作用。5%的参灵清瘟败毒口服液经饮水给药,可有效治疗人工感染雏鸭病毒性肝炎,其治疗保护率为85%;在治疗1028只自然发病的鸭病毒性肝炎中,其治疗保护率为92.75%,仅次于高免卵黄抗体组,但差异不显著(P>0.05)。表明参灵清瘟败毒口服液具有抗DHV的作用。     

畜禽清瘟败毒散防治鸡白痢的试验研究

雏鸡人工感染鸡白痢沙门氏杆菌后，用纯中药制剂畜禽清瘟败毒散进行预防和治疗，并与西药呋喃唑酮和氯霉素进行对比。结果表明：畜禽清瘟败毒散对雏鸡白痢的预防保护率为９６％，治愈率为９３％。     

单抗免疫过氧化物酶技术检测鸡传染性支气管炎病毒

以抗鸡传染性支气管病毒（ＩＢＶ）核衣壳蛋白（Ｎ）的单抗株６ＤＨ８作为一抗,以辣根过氧化物酶标记的羊抗鼠ＩｇＧ作为二抗,建立了检测石蜡切片中ＩＢＶ抗原的单抗免疫过氧化物酶技术（Ｍｃ－ＩＰ）,并对人工攻毒鸡及临床ＩＢＶ感染疑似鸡进行了检测。在ＩＢＶＭ４１株人工攻毒鸡,用该技术于１～１２ｄ从气管、２～７ｄ从肾脏可以检测到ＩＢＶ抗原,阳性染色集中于气管粘膜上皮细胞及肾小管上皮细胞胞浆;临床疑为ＩＢＶ感染的病鸡,以Ｍｃ－ＩＰ技术和单抗免疫荧光试验（Ｍｃ－ＩＦＡ）同时进行检测,结果阳性率分别为９０．３％及８３．９％。     

Detection of infectious bronchitis virus antigen from experimentally infected chickens by indirect immunofluorescent assay with monoclonal antibody

Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) was detected by indirect immunofluorescent assay with a monoclonal antibody (MAb-IFA). The monoclonal antibody was specific for the nucleocapsid protein of IBV strain M41. The MAb-IFA clearly detected IBV with high specificity in infected chicken kidney cells. The assay furthermore detected IBV in tracheal smears and sliced tracheas from experimentally infected chickens. The positive reaction was found to be longer than that in the virus recovery test. These results indicate that MAb-IFA is a useful method for the detection of IBV from chickens suspected to have infectious bronchitis.     

Infectious bronchitis virus nucleoprotein specific CTL response is generated prior to serum IgG

Infectious bronchitis (IB) is an acute and highly contagious viral respiratory disease of chickens. To understand the kinetics and relationships between the humoral (Ab) and antigen specific T cell immunity as well as pathological changes during infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) infection and immunization, one-week-old SPF chickens were vaccinated with live IBV H52 strain and challenged with IBV M41 15 days post primary infection. Chickens were sacrificed every 3 days to monitor antigen specific serum IgG and IBV nucleoprotein-specific immune responses using a chicken MHC I tetramer developed in our laboratory. The results demonstrated that T cell responses developed more rapidly than the humoral (Ab) immune response after vaccination with H52. However, serum IgG dramatically increased after M41 challenge. Chickens from the control, non-vaccinated group developed severe respiratory symptoms and demonstrated significant pathological changes in lung, kidney and bursa of Fabricius post challenge with M41. However, chickens vaccinated with H52 did not demonstrate clinical signs or histological changes post challenge with M41. These results indicated that the live IBV H52 inoculation effectively protected chickens from morbidity and pathological changes associated with IBV infection. These data facilitates the design of a new generation of IBV vaccine.     

中药复方板青可溶性粉防治鸡传染性支气管炎的效果研究

为研究复方板青可溶性粉防治传染性支气管炎病毒感染雏鸡的功效与影响，本试验将鸡随机分为预防组、治疗组、双黄连治疗对照组、麻杏石甘治疗对照组、模型对照组和空白对照组。其中预防组和治疗组分别设高、中、低剂量组。除空白对照组不做处理外，预防组从12日龄起连续3 d通过饮水给药，随后各处理组将0.2 mL/只剂量的传染性支气管炎病毒通过滴鼻使15日龄的雏鸡染毒，染毒后治疗组连续6 d饮水给药。试验期间统计鸡发病数和治愈数，计算其发病率、保护率和治愈率；并检测各组鸡只的免疫器官指数、淋巴细胞增殖能力、血清中细胞因子IL-2、IL-4、TNF-α和IFN-α水平，探究复方板青可溶性粉对IBV感染雏鸡的防治效果。试验结果显示，复方板青可溶性粉预防高剂量组保护率可达66.67%，治疗中剂量组治愈率可达83.33%，另一方面提高了感染雏鸡的免疫器官指数，增强了淋巴细胞增殖能力，在染毒后4和10 d，各给药组的T淋巴细胞和B淋巴细胞增殖能力显著高于模型对照组（P<0.05）；还可以调节血清中IL-2、IL-4、TNF-α和IFN-α水平，使其维持动态平衡，其中在攻毒后5和11 d，治疗中剂量组的IL-4和IFN-α水平显著高于模型对照组（P<0.05）。综合试验数据，复方板青可溶性粉具有较好的预防和治疗传染性支气管炎的作用，且治疗作用优于预防作用，其中预防高剂量组及治疗中剂量组效果最为显著。     

Study on the Preventive and Therapeutic Effect of Compound Banqing Soluble Powder on Chicken Infectious Bronchitis

The purpose of this study was to study the efficacy and effect of compound Banqing soluble powder in preventing and treating chickens infected with infectious bronchitis virus.The chickens were randomly divided into prevention group,treatment group,Shuanghuanglian control group,Maxing Shigan control group,model control group and blank control group.Among them,the prevention group and the treatment group were divided into high,middle and low dose groups respectively.Except for the blank control group,the prevention group was given drugs through drinking water for 3 consecutive days from 12 days old,and then the 15-day-old chicks were exposed to 0.2 mL infectious bronchitis virus by nasal drip,and the treatment group was given drinking water for 6 days.The number of infected and cured chickens were collected during the experiment,the incidence,protection rate and cure rate were calculated,and the index of immune organs,the ability of lymphocyte proliferation and the levels of cytokines IL-2,IL-4,TNF-α and IFN-α in serum were detected to explore the preventive and therapeutic effect of compound Banqing soluble powder on IBV infected chicks.The results of this experiment showed that the protective rate of compound banqing soluble powder against high dose group could reach 66.67%,and the cure rate of the treatment middle dose group was 83.33%.On the other hand,it increased the immune organ index of infected chicks,after exposure 4 and 10 d,the proliferative capacity of T lymphocytes and B lymphocytes in each administration group was significantly higher than that of the model control group (P<0.05).It could also regulate the levels of IL-2,IL-4,TNF-α and IFN-α in serum to maintain dynamic balance,after the challenge (5 and 11 d),the middle-dose group of IL-4 and IFN-α levels were significantly higher than the model control group (P<0.05).Synthesizing the test data,compound Banqing soluble powder had a good effect on the prevention and treatment of infectious bronchitis,and the therapeutic effect was better than the preventive effect.Among them,the preventive high dose group and the middle dose group were the most effective.     

Determination of the antigenic relationships within the Massachusetts (M41) type of infectious bronchitis virus using the hemagglutination-inhibition test

The antigenic relationships, antigenic spectrum, and immunogenicity of seven IBV-Massachusetts-41 isolates were investigated using the hemagglutination-inhibition (HI) test. HI titers equal to 32 are considered suspicious, titers lower than 32 are considered negative, and titers higher than 32 are considered positive immune responses to infectious bronchitis virus (IBV). Some isolates of Massachusetts-41 ( M41 ) were capable of inducing large quantities of antibodies in chickens following inoculation and demonstrated a wider antigenic spectrum than others. Variations in antigenic spectrum observed within M41 isolates in this study are in agreement with previous reports. This variation is of importance in selecting a proper vaccine strain for a successful immunization program for IBV.     

白虎定喘口服液药效研究

为验证新兽药白虎定喘口服液的药效作用,进行了鸡传染性支气管炎病毒（infectious bronchitis virus,IBV）鸡胚增殖抑制试验、气管纤毛运动试验及SPF雏鸡人工感染IBV疗效试验。将试验药液与等量IBV液混合作用后,接种11日龄SPF鸡胚,37℃孵育168 h,取存活鸡胚肾脏进行IBV的RT-PCR检测,结果表明,药物组168 h鸡胚存活率为80%,阳性对照组为20%,两组间差异显著（P<0.05）;试验药物组RT-PCR检测无目的条带出现,而阳性对照组有目的条带出现。40日龄SPF鸡连续用药3 d后,气管内注入0.02 mL墨汁,测量1 min内墨汁移动的距离,结果表明药物组墨汁移动距离极显著大于生理盐水对照组（P<0.01）。17日龄SPF鸡用IBV-M41滴鼻,0.3 mL/只,24 h后开始灌服药液,1 mL/kg,连用5 d,结果表明,试验药物组与攻毒对照组在临床症状计分、痊愈率上均存在显著差异（P<0.05）;试验组气管黏膜组织切片未见明显病变,而阳性对照组有明显病理变化。以上试验结果表明,白虎定喘口服液对IBV具有较好的体外抑制作用,可显著促进气管纤毛的运动,对鸡传染性支气管炎（IB）具有较好的临床防制效果。     

Study on Efficacy of Baihu Dingchuan Oral Liquid

In order to verify the effect of Baihu Dingchuan oral liquid of new veterinary drugs,the effects of infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) on the proliferation inhibition test, tracheal cilia movement test and SPF chickens infected with IBV were tested.The test solution was mixed with an equal amount of IBV solution,inoculation of 11-day-old SPF chicken embryo,incubation at 37℃ for 168 h.RT-PCR was performed to detect IBV in kidney of live chick embryo.The results showed that the survival rate of 168 h chicken embryo was 80% in the drug group,but the positive control group was 20%, and there was significant difference between two groups (P<0.05). In the test drug group, no band was detected by RT-PCR, but the target band appeared in the positive control group.After 40 days old SPF chickens were administered continuously for 3 days, 0.02 mL of ink was injected into the trachea. The distance of ink movement in 1 min was measured. The results showed that the migration distance of ink was extremely significantly higher than that of saline control group (P<0.01).In the 17-day-old SPF chickens, IBV-M41 was infused into the nasal mucosa with 0.3 mL. After 24 h, 1 mL/kg was administered for 5 days. The results showed that there were significant differences in clinical symptom score and cure rate between the test drug group and the control group (P<0.05). There was no significant pathological changes in the tracheal mucosa of the experimental group, but the pathological changes in the positive control group were significant. The above results showed that Baihu Dingchuan oral liquid had good inhibitory effect on IBV in vitro, which could promote the movement of tracheal cilia, and had good clinical control effect on infectious bronchitis.     

Comparison of different computational methods for measuring antibodies to avian infectious bronchitis virus in single serum dilution.

Twenty-eight one-day-old chickens with infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) maternal antibodies were immunized with strain H120 (Bronchovac-I, Phylaxia) in spray form. The chickens were kept in an isolator. On day 42 and 56 the chickens were immunized with IBV strain M41 (10(3.0)EID50/0.1 ml). Serum antibody titres were measured by both serial dilution and single dilution ELISA on day 42, 56 and 76. "Twice negative average" (TNA), "sample to positive" (SP) and "subtraction method" (SM) titres were calculated from the serially diluted sera, and SP and SM titres were calculated from the single dilution. Titres obtained by the different methods showed a good correlation for sera of low, medium and high antibody levels. The authors recommend the use of the single dilution method.     

鸡传染性支气管炎病毒免疫机制和免疫预防研究进展

由鸡传染性支气管炎病毒（Infectious bronchitis virus,IBV）引起的鸡传染性支气管炎（Infectious bronchitis,IB）是高度传染的全球性鸡病之一,严重危害养鸡业。IBV众多的血清型及其基因组的不断变异,给IB的免疫防控带来很大的困难。IBV主要侵害鸡的呼吸系统、泌尿生殖系统和消化系统,病鸡出现呼吸困难、产蛋下降、肾炎和腺胃炎等症状和病变。IBV的特点是变异频繁,血清型复杂,所致疾病的临床表现差异很大。因此,IB已成为养禽业最难控制的疫病之一。鸡对IBV的免疫机制是国内外研究的热点之一。传统疫苗已不能完全保护免疫鸡群,开发IBV基因工程疫苗,从主要免疫原性蛋白的良好表达到免疫策略的不断完善,已成为未来预防IB的趋势。