雏鹅的鸭瘟病原分离鉴定及油乳剂灭活苗研制

用患病雏鹅的肝、脾、肾作病料分离病毒,经致病性试验、被动免疫试验、中和试验证明分离病毒为鸭瘟病毒,并用此病毒研制成油乳剂灭活苗,进行鹅的鸭瘟的预防和治疗,效果十分理想。     

雏鹅新型病毒性肠炎病毒的研究进展

导读雏鹅新型病毒性肠炎病毒（New gosling type viral enteritis virus,NGVEV）是继发现小鹅瘟（GPV）和鸭瘟病毒（DPV）能够引起雏鹅感染发病后1-3,于1993年由四川农业大学程安春在四川省内首次发现且于1998年首次报道,其是一种能引起30日龄以内的雏鹅感染发病的病毒,在流行病学、临床症状（综合病例）和病理变化（后期死亡雏鹅病变及其组织学变化）与小鹅瘟极相似的传染病,     

雏鹅新型病毒性肠炎病毒的研究进展

雏鹅新型病毒性肠炎病毒（NGVEV）是继发现小鹅瘟（GPV）和鸭瘟病毒（DPV）能够引起雏鹅感染发病后,于1993年由四川农业大学程安春在四川省内首次发现且于1998年首次报道的新型病毒,是一种能引起30日龄以内的雏鹅感染发病的病毒,在流行病学、临床症状（综合病例）和病理变化（后期死亡雏鹅病变及其组织学变化）与小鹅瘟极相似的传染病,因而在实际生产中常常将其误诊为小鹅瘟。     

雏鹅新型病毒性肠炎病毒的研究进展

雏鹅新型病毒性肠炎病毒(NGVEV)是继发现小鹅瘟(GPV)和鸭瘟病毒(DPV)能够引起雏鹅感染发病后,于1993年由四川农业大学程安春在四川省内首次发现且于1998年首次报道的新型病毒,是一种能引起30日龄以内的雏鹅感染发病的病毒,在流行病学、临床症状(综合病例)和病理变化(后期死亡雏鹅病变及其组织学变化)与小鹅瘟极相似的传染病,因而在实际生产中常常将其误诊为小鹅瘟.但其种鹅在开产前注射1次小鹅瘟疫苗,其下一代于3日龄开始仍然发病和死亡,用小鹅瘟高免血清治疗无效,其死亡率一般为25%～75%,严重的地区可达100%.     

鸭群主要传染病的免疫程序

1．雏鸭群：（1）雏番鸭小鹅瘟、雏番鸭细小病毒病活苗免疫：在出壳后48h内应用二联雏鹅活苗免疫．或二种单活苗免疫。（2）雏鸭病毒性肝炎活苗免疫：雏鸭和雏番鸭在出壳后3日龄左右应用该病活苗免疫。（3）番鸭坏死性肝炎（番鸭肝白点）活苗或灭活苗免疫雏番鸭3日龄左右应用本病活苗免疫．或用灭活苗免疫．每羽皮下0.3～0.5mL。     

雏鹅新型病毒性肠炎PCR方法的建立及应用

根据雏鹅新型病毒性肠炎病毒(NGVEV)保守基因序列,设计合成一对引物并且进行PCR检测,扩增出预期的223 bp条带。该方法能在雏鹅新型病毒性肠炎病毒BC07株中扩增到特异性片段,而鹅细小病毒、鸭瘟病毒、鹅副黏病毒的扩增结果均为阴性;敏感性试验表明该方法最低检出限量为2.5×10~(-1)EID_(50)。表明所建立的PCR方法具有敏感性高、特异性强的特点。可以用来检测雏鹅新型病毒性肠炎。     

一种新型鸭瘟病原的分离鉴定及其特性

从2000年起．山东省的潍坊、临朐、昌乐、昌邑、沂源等饲养肉鸭集中的地区发生一种同鸭瘟症状、剖检变化相似的疾病．但该病主要侵害1月龄以下的雏鸭．成年鸭发病率较低。从自然感染该病典型病死鸭脏器中获得1株病毒，病毒粒子直径80～200nm，呈圆形．有囊膜。进一步试验鉴定，该病毒核酸类型为DNA,ELD50为10^-3.46／0．2mL，对樱桃谷鸭胚、番鸭胚、麻鸭胚及SPF鸡胚的致死率分别为100％、90％、20%和0％。该病毒对氯仿、乙醚、酸碱处理敏感，56℃ 30min能使病毒灭活，该病毒无血凝活性．不能凝集“O”型人、鸡、鸭、鹅、猪、小鼠、豚鼠、绵羊等的红细胞。血清学试验表明，该病毒与鸭肝炎病毒阳性血清、雏番鸭细小病毒阳性血清、小鹅瘟阳性血清之间无中和作用，而能部分中和鸭瘟病毒阳性血清，表明该分离株与传统鸭瘟病毒呈部分相关性。初步确定该病毒为疱疹病毒属疱疹病毒科成员。鉴于该病用传统的鸭瘟疫苗不能预防．故现暂定名为“新型鸭瘟”。     

1株鸭瘟病毒新分离株的毒力和抗原特性研究

将1株新分离的鸭瘟病毒(DPV)CY07株分别接种鸭胚和7日龄雏鸭,结果40%的胚24h内死亡,剩余胚24~48h内死亡;7日龄雏鸭48h发病3只(3/7),至120h共发病6只(6/7),死亡5只(5/7)。同时用标准株血清进行病毒中和试验,血清中和价为1∶19。对鸭瘟弱毒疫苗免疫鸭进行攻毒试验,证明能够抵抗鸭瘟病毒CY07株的攻击。表明DPVCY07株是1株毒力较强的病毒株,但抗原性没有明显变化。     

如何预防和控制小鹅瘟的流行发生

(一)正确使用免疫制剂预防小鹅瘟生物制剂有疫苗和抗血清两大类. 1.疫苗:有活疫苗和灭活苗二种.活疫苗:1961年从患病雏鹅分离的强毒株,经易感鹅胚传代减弱,已对易感雏鹅无致病性,但仍保持其免疫原性.目前有农业部批准鹅胚化种鹅用活疫苗和雏鹅用活疫苗二种,另一种为鸭胚化小鹅瘟活疫苗,仅限于种鹅用,而雏鹅禁用.鹅胚化活苗,每羽份疫苗病毒量含量为≥105 ELD50,比鸭胚化活苗高100倍.     

鹅细小病毒强毒PCR检测方法的建立

参照GenBank中登录的鹅细小病毒(GPV)B株的全基因序列，针对GPV的VP3保守基因设计了1对引物，建立了GPV的PCR检测方法。采用该方法检测GPV能够扩增出预期大小约441bp的特异性片段，而对鸭瘟病毒(DPV)、鹅源致病性大肠埃希氏菌(E．coli)Os和O1、雏鹅新型病毒性肠炎病毒(NGVEV)呈阴性反应。该法检测GPV核酸的灵敏度可达0．47pg；对GPV强毒皮下注射感染雏鹅各器官的检测结果表明。感染后8h即可从心、肝病料中栓出病毒DNA，感染后24h可从延髓、胸腺、胰腺、十二指肠、空肠、盲肠、腔上囊、心、肝、脾、肺、肾、血液、小脑、直肠、肌肉、粪便中栓出GPVDNA，感染48h后可从骨髓中检出病毒DNA，感染312h后仍能从十二指肠、空肠、盲肠、心、肝、肾、粪便中检出病毒DNA。病毒分离阳性的可疑病料PCR检测为阳性，对，临床送栓病料的检测结果表明，PCR的敏感性显著高于病毒分离。     

白术、微米白术和白术多糖对断奶仔猪生长性能和肠道形态及微生态区系的影响

试验选用96头平均体重14.82 kg左右的杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分成4组,每组3栏,每栏8头(公母各半)。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖和1%微米白术。试验期30 d。结果表明:在生长性能方面,与对照组相比,1%微米白术添加组可显著提高日增重(P0.05)、降低饲料增重比和腹泻率,而且效果优于1%80目白术组和0.2%白术多糖组,在肠道形态和肠道微生态区系方面,与对照组相比,日粮添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖、1%微米白术均可不同程度的提高十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度,加深十二指肠和空肠的隐窝深度,并且增加肠道微生态区系的多样性,其中以1%微米白术添加组的效果最佳。     

Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia

Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal (GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April 2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes. But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia.     

Internal Parasites and Haematological Values in Cattle Slaughtered in Buea Subdivision of Cameroon

Tropical Animal Health and Production -     

Phase I evaluation of CCNU (lomustine) in tumor-bearing cats

1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.     

Chemotaxis of macrophage in inflammation

Our particular attention in this article was given to natural mediators for macrophages isolated from the sites of tissue injury. A number of chemotactic factors, which may satisfy many criteria making them acceptable as inflammatory leucocyte chemotactic factors, has been separated. Among them, our laboratory has isolated three macrophage (monocyte) chemotactic factors (MCF-a, -b and -c). Their purification, characterization and functional specificity are discussed.     

Prevalence of gastric lesions in racing Alaskan sled dogs

Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large.     

Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects

Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.     

Y‐chromosomal variation of local goat breeds of Turkey close to the domestication centre

Genetic variations in chromosome Y are enabling researchers to identify paternal lineages, which are informative for introgressions and migrations. In this study, the male‐specific region markers, sex‐determining region‐Y (SRY), amelogenin (AMELY) and zinc finger (ZFY) were analysed in seven Turkish native goat breeds, Angora, Kilis, Hair, Honaml?, Norduz, Gürcü and Abaza. A SNP in the ZFY gene defined a new haplotype Y2C. All domestic haplogroups originate from Capra aegagrus, while the finding of Y1A, Y1B, Y2A and Y2C in 32, 4, 126 and 2 Turkish domestic goats, respectively, appears to indicate a predomestic origin of the major haplotypes. The occurrence of four haplotypes in the Hair goat and, in contrast, a frequency of 96% of Y1A in the Kilis breed illustrate that Y‐chromosomal variants have a more breed‐dependent distribution than mitochondrial or autosomal DNA. This probably reflects male founder effects, but a role in adaptation cannot be excluded.     

Changes in proportion of canine urinary calculi composed of calcium oxalate or struvite in specimens analyzed from 1981 through 2001

The objective of this report was to characterize 20-year changes in proportion of calcium oxalate (CaOx) calculi and struvite calculi in dogs, and associations with breed, age, and sex. In this retrospective study, results of analysis of urinary calculi from dogs were reviewed for specimens received between July 1, 1981, and December 31, 2001. Breed, sex, age, year of submission of the specimen, and mineral type(s) were analyzed statistically. CaOx or Struvite or both were contained in 18,966 of 20,884 (91%) specimens. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant increase was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained CaOx. The increase in this proportion was greater in females (1% to 31%) than in males (18% to 82%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions may have plateaued, the odds of specimens containing CaOx were markedly higher in 18 breeds, markedly lower in 5 breeds, and not significantly different in 13 breeds compared with crossbreds. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant decrease was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained struvite. This decrease in proportion was greater for males (79-16%) than for females (97-68%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions plateaued, the odds of calculi containing struvite were markedly lower in 20 breeds, markedly higher in 1 breed, and not significantly different in 15 breeds when compared with crossbreds. Breed, age, and sex were associated statistically with CaOx or struvite urolithiasis. In conclusion, there appears to have been a long-term increase in the proportion of specimens of canine urinary calculi that contain CaOx as well as a long-term decrease in the proportion of specimens of calculi that contain struvite for both male and female dogs. The rate of change appeared to begin leveling off in the period 1998 to 2001. The recent proportion of dogs with either CaOx- or struvite-associated urolithiasis may depend on breed, age, and sex, and on interactions among these 3 factors.     

Smart Phone Assisted City-scale Wireless Sensor Network Deployment for Transportation System Monitoring

<正>1.INTRODUCTION Ensuring transportation network security is one Of the most daunting challenges confronting homeland security agencies today.Significant research has been dedicated.To model and analyze the vulnerability of transportation systems,while notably fewer studies propose specific strategies for deploying defensive technologies to safeguard these systems.