铕掺杂稀土正硼酸盐纳米晶真空紫外荧光粉

铕掺杂稀土正硼酸盐纳米晶真空紫外荧光粉是一种新型紫外荧光纳米材料,该材料使用化学方法合成,掺杂均匀。主要应用于等离子平板显示器中作为红色发光材料。此外,铕掺杂稀土正硼酸盐纳米晶紫外荧光粉还可和蓝粉、绿粉混和成三基色荧光粉,作为节能照明灯的灯粉。     

吸附剂量对粉煤灰合成沸石吸附磷酸根离子、氟离子与六价铬离子的影响

利用粉煤灰合成的沸石吸附磷酸根离子、氟离子与六价铬离子,考察了吸附剂投加量对3种离子吸附去除率与饱和吸附量的影响。结果表明:吸附剂量对粉煤灰合成沸石吸附磷酸根离子、氟离子与六价铬离子的去除率与饱和吸附量均影响显著。随着粉煤灰合成沸石投加量的逐渐增加,其对3种离子的吸附去除率均不断提高,单位质量的沸石吸附剂对3种离子的饱和吸附量不断下降。在吸附剂投加量相同时,其对磷酸根离子、氟离子与六价铬离子的竞争吸附顺序为:Cr6+PO3-4F-,且这3种离子的竞争吸附顺序不会随着粉煤灰合成沸石投加量的增加而有所变化。     

卟啉荧光微胶囊的制备及其用于汞(Ⅱ)检测的初步研究

本文制备了含有卟啉荧光的微胶囊,在蓝光的照射下可发出很强的红色荧光。将所制备的微胶囊用于水相中汞离子的测定时,发现微胶囊的荧光能有效被溶液中的汞所猝灭,并取得了令人满意的结果。     

氯化胆碱/氯化锌低共熔离子液改性木质素制备酚醛胶的研究

通过合成氯化胆碱与氯化锌物质的量比为1:2体系的低共熔离子液(DES来活化处理木质素,再加水分离得到再生木质素(DL),对比改性前后木质素的结构变化,并分别用其代替部分苯酚(10%、20%、30%、40%)制备酚醛树脂,研究其对酚醛树脂胶黏剂性能的影响。结合红外光谱、紫外光谱和核磁共振氢谱的分析可知经DES改性后的木质素中少量醚键断裂,部分甲氧基脱除,少部分被酚化,木质素反应活性提高。并且,所压制胶合板的胶合强度均优于未改性木质素替代苯酚所制备的酚醛树脂,且在实验范围内均达到了国家标准中Ⅰ类胶合板的要求。     

哈茨木霉基因组中NRPS基因多样性的生物信息学分析

为了解哈茨木霉中非核糖体肽的生物合成,本文通过本地BLAST、结构域分析结合抗生素和次生代谢产物分析软件(antiSMASH)、天然产物结构域查找软件(NaPDoS)等次生代谢产物生物合成基因分析工具对哈茨木霉基因组中的非核糖体肽合成酶NRPS基因进行分析,通过本地BLAST获得42个可能具有NRPS基因的重叠群(contig),开放阅读框及结构域分析显示具A-T-C(A为腺苷酰化结构域、T为肽酰基载体蛋白结构域,又称为PCP结构域、C为缩合结构域)3个结构域的蛋白序列有21条;antiSMASH分析结果显示其基因组中合成NRPs的基因簇有10个;NaPDoS和聚类分析结果表明哈茨木霉中的NRPS基因催化合成的NRPs包括铁载体类、毒素类、抗生素类及一些未知化合物。     

层板及其钉连接层积材弹性模量的关系研究

主要研究了钉连接层积材和层板弹性模量之间的关系,测定了117根层板的抗弯弹性模量,经Weibull分析,此批层板弹性模量达不到5 900 MPa的概率仅为5.53%。选取其中48根层板,将4根层板通过钉连接组成1组,共得到12组钉连接层积材。研究表明:钉连接层积材的弹性模量均高于对应的层板弹性模量最小值,但小于4根层板弹性模量的平均值。采用Origin软件拟合分析钉连接层积材和层板弹性模量之间的关系,发现钉连接层积材和对应的层板弹性模量平均值、标准差之间存在三元一次方程关系。本研究建立钉连接层积材和层板弹性模量之间的关系,可以为预测钉连接层积材的刚度提供参考。     

氯化胆碱/丙三醇低共熔离子液改性木质素酚醛树脂

研究氯化胆碱和丙三醇在不同物质的量比、不同温度条件下合成氯化胆碱/丙三醇低共熔离子液体(Ch Cl/Glycerol DES)的最佳合成工艺,并用其处理木质素(Dealkaline CAS9005-53-2)。通过傅里叶红外光谱(FTIR)、离子化差示光谱、热重(TG)、核磁共振氢谱(1H-NMR)等分析手段对氯化胆碱/丙三醇低共熔离子液体处理前后木质素的分子结构及热稳定性变化进行表征。研究结果表明:反应温度为100℃,氯化胆碱和丙三醇物质的量比为1∶2时,体系的反应效率最高,所制备的离子液体黏度适中、稳定性好。木质素经Ch Cl/Glycerol DES改性处理后酚羟基总含量明显增加,反应活性明显提高,其中,木质素中紫丁香基结构(S)被降解,说明Ch Cl/Glycerol DES处理木质素可显著提高其反应活性。经Ch Cl/Glycerol DES处理后的木质素按10%,20%,30%和40%的替代量替代苯酚,制备的木质素-酚醛树脂胶黏剂的胶合强度均可达到国标GB/T 8942.3—2004中Ⅰ类胶合板标准要求。     

聚乙烯醇磷酸酯插层改性水滑石及其阻燃改性杨木的研究

镁铝水滑石因其特殊结构,在阻燃处理方面应用较为广泛,但存在阻燃元素单一的问题。采用聚乙烯醇磷酸酯(PPVA)对水滑石进行插层改性,制备有机-无机复合协效阻燃剂,并浸渍处理杨木单板,考察浸渍处理工艺对杨木载药率和极限氧指数的影响。结果显示,PPVA插层进入镁铝水滑石层间中;PPVA插层水滑石真空加压处理后杨木单板的极限氧指数较杨木素板提高了14.6%。     

杨树ASE蛋白的生化功能研究

[目的]谷氨酰胺磷酸核糖焦磷酸转酰胺酶(ASE)在植物嘌呤合成中发挥着关键作用,本研究的目的是详细揭示杨树ASE蛋白的生化功能特性。[方法]通过半定量RT-PCR、蛋白质亚细胞定位以及测定纯化蛋白的催化活性等方法来研究其在体外的生化功能,进一步通过互补拟南芥缺失突变体(atase2)来研究杨树ASE基因的体内生物学功能。[结果]从杨树基因组中鉴别出2个ASE基因,序列分析发现它们之间有很高的蛋白质序列相似性。半定量RT-PCR分析发现两个杨树ASE基因在根、茎、叶和芽中均表达。蛋白质亚细胞定位分析发现杨树ASE蛋白均定位在叶绿体中,而且两个杨树ASE蛋白均能完全互补拟南芥atase2突变体的表型。酶学性质分析表明,杨树两个ASE蛋白均能催化5-磷酸核糖-α-焦磷酸生成5-磷酸核糖-β-胺。[结论]本研究预示着两个杨树ASE蛋白在嘌呤合成中均发挥着重要作用。     

过渡金属樟脑磺酸盐的制备和表征

合成了一系列过渡金属(锌、铜、镍、锰、钴和镉)樟脑磺酸盐,并用红外光谱仪和热重分析对其进行了表征。热重分析研究表明,所合成的几种过渡金属樟脑磺酸盐均含6个结晶水,并讨论了其无水化合物的热稳定性,其次序为:Cu(C10H15O4S)2相似文献   

Browsing Damage on Pine (Pinus sylvestris and P. contorta) by a migrating moose (Alces alces) Population in Winter: Relation to Habitat Composition and Road Barriers

In Scandinavia, moose (Alces alces L.) sometimes cause severe browsing damage to economically-important pine. Moose-vehicle accidents have spurred construction of fences along roads, and these may interfere with moose migration between summer and winter ranges, or the road alone may be a barrier. If this happens and moose build up along roads, landowners may suffer economically. Therefore, this study investigated whether roads, fences or other factors influence the use of young pine stands by moose. Eighty stands along roads in northern Sweden were evaluated in which individually-browsed branches were counted on 9972 pines. Moose browsing was not significantly related to birch (Betula pendula Roth, B. pubescens Ehrh.) density, nor did it differ between pines (Pinus contorta Douglas or P. sylvestris L.). However, increased pine density, site productivity and proximity to a highway were associated with increased browsing. Further large-scale studies are needed to understand moose habitat selection and the effects of roads.     

Effects of Root Freezing on the Physiology and Growth of Picea glauca,Picea mariana and Pinus banksiana Seedlings Under Different Soil Moisture Regimes

The root systems of 2-yr-old Picea glauca, Picea mariana and Pinus banksiana seedlings were submitted to various frost temperatures during an artificial frost to induce different levels of root damage. Frost-damaged and control seedlings were placed in a greenhouse under high and low soil moisture regimes. Seedling growth and physiology were evaluated periodically. Seedling survival was reduced when root damage reached levels of 60-80%. Root systems of all three species showed partial to total recovery by the end of the experiment. In general, root freezing damage caused reductions in seedling growth, with these reductions becoming less significant over time. Root damage had little to no effect on black spruce and jack pine seedling physiology, while white spruce CO 2 uptake decreased with increasing root damage. Shoot nitrogen content of all three species decreased slightly with increasing root damage.     

Decomposition and nutrient loss from prunings of different contour hedgerow species in tea plantations in the sloping highlands of Sri Lanka

Contour hedgerows of multipurpose tree species in the sloping tea lands of Sri Lanka are expected to reduce soil erosion and also add significant amounts of plant nutrients to the soil via periodic prunings. The objective of this experiment was to characterize the biomass decomposition pattern and quantify the amount of nutrients added through prunings of six tree species (Calliandra calothyrsus, Senna spectabilis, Euphatorium innulifolium, Flemingia congesta, Gliricidia sepium and Tithonia diversifolia) currently being used in hedgerows associated with tea. Withered leaf and stem prunings (50 g) were enclosed in 2-mm litter bags, placed at 5-cm depth and retrieved after one, three, six, nine and 12 weeks. Loss of initial dry weight, N, P and K was measured. Single exponential decay function adequately described both dry weight and nutrient loss. Tree species differed significantly in their rate of breakdown with decomposition constants (k) varying from 0.0299 to 0.2006 week⁻¹ for leaves and from 0.0225 to 0.0633 week⁻¹ for stems. Gliricidia showed the highest k for leaves with the rest in the following descending order: Senna > Tithonia ≥ Euphatorium > Calliandra > Flemingia. A similar pattern was observed for loss of all nutrients with Calliandra and Flemingia always having lower k values than the rest. Although N immobilization was not observed, immobilization of P and K was observed during the first week of incubation in some species, particularly in stem prunings. Annual biomass of prunings differed significantly between tree species in the following descending order: Calliandra > Senna > Flemingia > Tithonia > Gliricidia > Euphatorium. Calliandra added the greatest amount of nutrients annually to the soil with Euphatorium adding the least. Calliandra prunings provided the annual total K requirement and 49% of the N requirement of mature tea. However, none of the species provided more than 5% of the P requirement. It is concluded that among the tree species tested, Calliandra and Flemingia are the most suitable for contour hedgerows in tea plantations of this agroclimatic region because of their higher soil nutrient enrichment capacity and slower decomposition rates which would minimize leaching losses. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Effects of Seed Weight and Seed Type on Early Seedling Growth of Pinus sylvestris under Harsh and Optimal Conditions

The effects of seed weight and seed type on seedling growth of Pinus sylvestris (L.) were studied by seeding individually weighed orchard and stand seed in different mixtures under harsh (direct seeding in field) and optimal (seeding in nursery) conditions. In the nursery experiment an increase in the seed weight from 3 to 7 mg increased the seedling height by 10-27% and total weight by 27-113%, and decreased the height/diameter ratio by 5-6% after 2 yrs. With elimination of seed weight effects, orchard seedlings were 2% taller than stand seedlings in year 2. Without elimination of seed weight effects, orchard seedlings were 7-13% taller. In the field experiment an increase in the seed weight from 3 to 7 mg increased seedling height by 18-65%, stem volume by 81-274% and the number of top-buds by 23-34% in year 5. After elimination of seed weight effects, orchard seedlings were 7-13% taller than stand seedlings and without elimination of seed weight effects 20-21% taller after 5 yrs. Even after elimination of both seed weight and genetic effects orchard seedlings were 3-9% larger than stand seedlings in the field experiment. In conclusion, the influence of seed weight and seed type on growth traits and slenderness is highly significant and the influence seems to be greater in harsh conditions.     

Modelling of adequate pretwist for obtaining straight timber

Abstract

Wood in general and wooden studs in particular are often distorted owing to uneven shrinkage during the drying process in the sawmill. Twist is often the most detrimental of all types of distortion, and it is caused by spiral grain in combination with variations in moisture content. For sawmills, the objective is to produce dried, straight boards, and one method of dealing with boards with excessive spiral grain is to sort them out and then dry them in a pretwisted position to obtain straight boards after drying. A model using the finite element (FE) method for the simulation of drying twist distortions was first calibrated against laboratory experiments in which boards were dried with and without restraints and pretwists. After the calibration, the FE results were compared with industrial test results for boards that were dried without restraints or with restraints with zero pretwist, i.e. straight restraints. The FE model used an elastic–ideally plastic material model to obtain permanent deformations. The calibration was to set the yield stresses so that there was a good match between FE results and results from the laboratory experiments. The comparison between the industrial test results and the FE results showed that the FE model is capable of realistic simulations of drying boards with and without restraints and presumably also pretwists.     

Potential to harness superior nutritional qualities of exotic baobabs if local adaptation can be conferred through grafting

Baobab leaves form an important part of the local diet in Sahel countries and elsewhere in Africa. Existing leaf nutritional data and agroforestry performance information are based solely on Adansonia digitata L., the baobab of continental Africa. The introduction potential of Adansonia species from the center of diversity in Madagascar and from Australia remains untapped. To assess this potential, the mineral contents and B₁ and B₂ vitamin levels of dried baobab leaves were determined for five-year old trees of A. digitata, A. gibbosa (A. Cunn.) Guymer ex D. Baum, A. rubrostipa Jum. & H. Perrier (syn. A. fony Baill.), A. perrieri Capuron and A. za Baill. grown in an introduction trial in Mali. Nutritional data were evaluated against survival and vigor to identify promising germplasm. Leaf vitamin and crude protein contents were highest in the Madagascar species, especially A. rubrostipa (B₁ 88 mg 100 g⁻¹, B₂ 187 mg 100 g⁻¹, protein 20.7% dry weight). However, the local species far outperformed the introductions in survival, tree height, basal diameter and resistance to termites. We suggest grafting as a way of harnessing the vigor of well-adapted local baobab varieties to the superior nutritional profiles of A. rubrostipa and others. Cross-species grafting tests in Adansonia were successful, thus creating new agroforestry possibilities with different scion/rootstock combinations.     

Growth of Phlebiopsis gigantea in wood of seven conifer species

Heterobasidion parviporum and Heterobasidion annosum are widely distributed root‐rot fungi that infect conifers throughout Europe. Infection of conifer stumps by spores of these pathogens can be controlled by treating fresh stumps with a competing non‐pathogenic fungus, Phlebiopsis gigantea. In this study, growth of three Latvian strains of P. gigantea and the biological control agent ‘Rotstop’ strain was evaluated in stem pieces of Norway spruce, Scots pine, lodgepole pine, Douglas‐fir, Weymouth pine, Siberian larch and Sitka spruce. The growth rates of one H. parviporum and one H. annosum isolate were also measured in the same stem pieces. The growth rate of P. gigantea varied greatly in wood of different conifer species. It was higher in the three pine species, lower in Norway spruce and lowest in Sitka spruce and Siberian larch, and in Douglas‐fir, this fungus did not grow. The largest area of wood occupied by P. gigantea was in lodgepole pine. Growth of Latvian isolates of P. gigantea in the wood of Pinus and Picea species was comparable to that of the Rotstop isolate. Consequently, stump treatment with local P. gigantea isolates should be recommended. However, our results suggest that Douglas‐fir stump treatment against Heterobasidion by P. gigantea may be ineffective and other stump treatment methods should be considered.     

Stand Structure in Pine,Spruce and Deciduous Forests: A Comparison Between Finnish and Russian Karelia

This study investigated the stand structure in pine, spruce and deciduous forests in the border district of Finland and Russia. A total of 46 mature forest stands was selected as pairs, the members of each pair being as similar as possible with respect to their forest site type, age, moisture and topography. The stands were then compared between the two countries by means of basal areas and number of stems. The proportions of dominating tree species were 2-12% lower, and correspondingly the proportions of secondary tree species higher, in Russian forests. The density of the forest stock was also higher in each forest type in Russia. The forests in the two countries differed most radically in terms of the abundance of dead trees. The amount was two to four times higher in Russian deciduous and spruce forests, and in pine forests the difference was 10-fold. The stand structures indicated that Russian coniferous stands, in particular, were more heterogeneous than intensively managed pine and spruce stands in Finland.     

Growth and Terminal Bud Formation in Picea abies Seedlings Grown with Alternating Diurnal Temperature and Different Light Qualities

The root collar diameter and the height:diameter ratio are of particular importance in container-grown seedlings where a high density in the containers may produce spindly seedlings. Temperature regimes and light quality are known to affect plant growth. The aim of this study was to identify responses in Picea abies (L.) Karst. seedlings grown with light providing different red:far-red ratios and under temperature regimes with alternating day (DT) and night temperature (NT) from negative (DT < NT) to positive (DT > NT) difference (DIF) between DT and NT. Experiments were conducted in controlled environment chambers and in a daylight phytotron. Only limited thermoperiodic responses appeared in P . abies seedlings with respect to seedling height and dry weight accumulation. The formation of terminal buds, however, was clearly delayed in seedlings grown at negative DIF. The results indicate a requirement for day extension light that is high in far-red, to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions. An extended study should be conducted to clarify the minimum level of light intensity and the optimal light quality needed to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions.     

CAD与建筑设计的关系

本文分析了CAD在设计中引起的正面和负面影响,并进行了系统的阐述,从而使设计者在应用中能够保持客观的态度。