盐度和营养对凡纳滨对虾谷氨酸脱氢酶和丙酮酸羧激酶活性的影响

研究了盐度和饲料营养水平与凡纳滨对虾谷氨酸脱氢酶和磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸羧激酶活性间的关系。结果表明：随着盐度的上升,凡纳滨对虾鳃组织中谷氨酸脱氢酶活性逐渐上升：肝胰脏中磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸羧激酶活性逐渐下降。同一盐度水平下,谷氨酸脱氢酶活性随饲料蛋白质水平升高而升高,差异显著（P〈0．05）。方差分析表明,盐度和饲料蛋白质水平单因素对凡纳滨对虾谷氨酸脱氢酶和磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸羧激酶活性影响差异显著（P〈0．05）;器因子交互作用对凡纳滨对虾的谷氨酸脱氢酶活性影响差异不显著（P〉0．05）,对磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸羧激酶活性影响差异显著（P〈0．05）。     

猪囊尾蚴体内发育过程中能量代谢变化规律的研究

研究猪囊尾蚴体内发育过程中能量代谢变化规律,应用分光广度法系统地测定了体内发育过程中猪囊尾蚴磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸羧激酶(PEPCK)、丙酮酸激酶(PK)、延胡索酸还原酶(FR)、异柠檬酸脱氢酶(ICD)、苹果酸酶(ME)活性的变化及葡萄糖(GLC)含量、乳酸(LAC)含量的变化。结果表明,随虫体发育PEPCK、FR、ICD成升高趋势,PK活性和PK/PEPCK比值呈下降趋势,GLC和LAC略有升高。提示随虫体生长发育PK代谢通路减弱而PEPCK通路增强。     

壳寡糖对试验性糖尿病大鼠餐后血糖及肝肌糖原含量的影响

[目的]研究不同剂量的壳寡糖对链脲佐菌素（STZ）诱导的糖尿病大鼠餐后2h血糖及肝、肌糖原水平的影响。[方法]按65mg／kg体重一次性腹腔内注射（ip）STZ制备糖尿病大鼠模型,随机分成糖尿病治疗组和糖尿病对照组。治疗组分别按每日250、500、1500mg／kg灌胃壳寡糖水溶液,正常对照组、阴性对照组按体重灌胃等体积蒸馏水（10ml／k）,阳性对照组按每日200mg／k灌胃二甲双胍水溶液,连续60d,每10d测1次餐后2h血糖值。60d后对肝脏等脏器称重,计算器官系数。蒽酮试剂法测定肝、肌糖原含量。肝脏、骨骼肌PAS染色,做病理组织学检查。[结果]不同剂量的壳寡糖均能不同程度改善糖尿病大鼠的体重减轻、多饮、多食等症状,降低餐后2h血糖值。中、高剂量组的降糖效果优于低剂量组。PAS染色显示,壳寡糖各组肝索排列整齐,脂变程度低,骨骼肌和肝组织糖原比模型组明显增多。[结论]壳寡糖可以减少肝、肌糖原分解,减轻肝脏、肌肉组织的胰岛素抵抗,使血糖浓度下降。     

Persistence of cadmium-induced metabolic changes in liver and kidney

Daily intraperitoneal injection of cadmium chloride (1 milligram per kilogram) for 45 days enhanced gluconeogenesis as evidenced by significant increases in the activities of liver and kidney cortex pyruvate carboxylase, phosphopyruvate carboxylase, hexosediphosphatase, and glucose-6-phosphatase, the quartet of key, rate-limiting enzymes involved in the biotransformation of noncarbohydrate precursors into glucose. Whereas cadmium treatment decreased the level of hepatic glycogen, the concentration of blood glucose and urea was significantly elevated by this heavy metal. Discontinuation of the heavy metal treatment for 28 days, in rats previously injected with cadmium for 45 days, failed to restore the observed biochemical alterations in hepatic and renal carbohydrate metabolism to control values. Evidence indicates that cadmium augments the glucose-synthesizing capacity of liver and kidney cortex and that various metabolic changes persist even after a 4-week period of withdrawal from exposure to the heavy metal.     

Glycogen deposition in the liver induced by cortisone: dependence on enzyme synthesis

The deposition of liver glycogen in starved rats given a single dose of cortisone is inhibited by puromycin and actinomycin. The former agent interferes with induced enzyme formation in general, and the latter with the cortisone-induced rise in liver enzyme levels. The results suggest that the regulatory eJffect of cortisone on carbohydrate metabolism may be brought about -by its action on the cellular concentration of certain enzyme proteins.     

鸡树条荚蒾果多酚改善胰岛素抵抗HepG2细胞的糖代谢效应

目的探讨鸡树条荚蒾果多酚对HepG2细胞胰岛素抵抗（IR）模型的改善作用,以评价其降血糖活性。方法本研究采用高浓度胰岛素诱导,建立体外IR模型,并进行模型稳定性（细胞活性法）及可靠性（Z因子法）评估。试验设空白组、IR模型组、阳性对照（二甲双胍）组和荚蒾果多酚组,MTT法检测细胞活性;葡萄糖氧化酶法检测培养液葡萄糖含量,计算葡萄糖消 耗量;蒽酮法测定糖原含量;比色法检测细胞己糖激酶（HK）、丙酮酸激酶（PK）活性,酶联免疫吸附试验（ELISA）检测细胞磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸激酶（PEPCK）、葡萄糖六磷酸酶（G6PC）活性。结果10? 6 mol/L的胰岛素诱导处理HepG2细胞24 h是产生胰岛素抵抗模型的最适条件,且IR模型在12 ~ 36 h内有较高的稳定性和可靠性。0.10 ~ 1.00 mg/mL 荚蒾果多酚组的葡萄糖消耗量显著高于模型组（P < 0.05）,24 h、0.50 mg/mL组的糖消耗量最高,为（3.49 ± 0.11）mmol/L,消耗率可达88.81%（P < 0.01）。与模型组对比,荚蒾果多酚可提高糖原的含量33.65%（P < 0.01）,HK、PK活性可分别提高43.36%（P < 0.05）、48.41%（P < 0.01）,对G6PC、PEPCK活性抑制率为分别为22.86%（P < 0.01）、17.33%（P < 0.05）。结论鸡树条荚蒾果多酚可提高IR- HepG2细胞的HK、PK活性,加快糖酵解,增加糖原含量;抑制G6PC、PEPCK活性,从而减少细胞内源性葡萄糖的产生。所以鸡树条荚蒾果多酚对胰岛素抵抗细胞的治疗具有一定效果。      

鱿鱼MUCIN型糖蛋白抗疲劳作用试验研究

为评价鱿鱼M UCIN型糖蛋白的抗疲劳作用,分别以不同剂量的鱿鱼M UCIN型糖蛋白经口给予昆明小鼠连续灌胃4周,研究鱿鱼MUCIN型糖蛋白对小鼠负重力竭游泳时间,肝糖原（LC）、血糖（GLU）、血乳酸（LD）含量和血乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）活性等反映疲劳的生化指标的影响。结果表明,与对照组相比,中、高剂量组能明显延长小鼠力竭游泳时间;增加运动后小鼠LC的储备量和GLU含量,增强LDH的活性,降低LD的含量,减少乳酸在肌肉及血液中的堆积,延缓疲劳的发生。说明鱿鱼M UCIN型糖蛋白对小鼠具有较好的抗疲劳作用。     

FGF-21促进HepG2细胞摄取葡萄糖研究

肝脏是代谢的中枢性器官,在糖脂代谢中扮演重要角色。FGF-21是近年来发现的一种治疗糖尿病新型药物,研究其对肝脏糖代谢影响及机制将为FGF-21成药性提供理论依据。以Hep G2细胞为肝细胞模型,探究FGF-21对Hep G2细胞葡萄糖吸收影响及作用机制。FGF-21处理Hep G2细胞,采用葡萄糖氧化酶-过氧化物酶(GOD-POD)法检测细胞对葡萄糖摄取情况,并检查胰岛素与FGF-21协同作用,蒽酮法检测细胞内糖原含量,半定量和实时荧光定量PCR检测FGF-21对葡萄糖转运蛋白(GLUTs)m RNA表达影响。结果表明,FGF-21可促进Hep G2细胞摄取葡萄糖,与胰岛素具有一定协同作用,增加糖原合成。半定量PCR结果显示在FGF-21作用下,仅GLUT1m RNA表达有所增加。实时荧光定量PCR检测FGF-21作用时间对GLUT1 m RNA表达量影响,发现FGF-21作用6 h时GLUT1 m RNA表达量倍数增加最大。说明FGF-21可通过增加GLUT1 m RNA表达促进Hep G2细胞消耗葡萄糖,参与糖原合成。     

FGF19 as a postprandial, insulin-independent activator of hepatic protein and glycogen synthesis

Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) 19 is an enterokine synthesized and released when bile acids are taken up into the ileum. We show that FGF19 stimulates hepatic protein and glycogen synthesis but does not induce lipogenesis. The effects of FGF19 are independent of the activity of either insulin or the protein kinase Akt and, instead, are mediated through a mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway that activates components of the protein translation machinery and stimulates glycogen synthase activity. Mice lacking FGF15 (the mouse FGF19 ortholog) fail to properly maintain blood concentrations of glucose and normal postprandial amounts of liver glycogen. FGF19 treatment restored the loss of glycogen in diabetic animals lacking insulin. Thus, FGF19 activates a physiologically important, insulin-independent endocrine pathway that regulates hepatic protein and glycogen metabolism.     

龙眼多糖对大鼠游泳运动能力的影响

[目的]观察龙眼多糖对大鼠游泳运动能力的影响。[方法]80只雄性Wistar大鼠随机分为4组:对照组和龙眼多糖低、中、高剂量组(50、100、200mg/kg),连续给药7d后,每组取10只进行负重游泳试验,观察龙眼多糖对大鼠力竭游泳时间的影响;剩余大鼠负重游泳90min后观察血清尿素氮(BUN)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、丙二醛(MDA)、乳酸、组织肝糖原和肌糖原的变化。[结果]大鼠给药7d后,与对照组相比,龙眼多糖能显著延长大鼠负重游泳时间,提高血清中超氧化物歧化酶水平,降低MDA的含量,降低运动后血清BUN和乳酸水平,同时显著增加大鼠肝糖原和肌糖原含量。[结论]龙眼多糖可能通过改善组织糖原储备及抗氧化作用提高大鼠游泳运动能力。     

低剂量复合螺旋藻多糖降血糖作用研究

通过动物试验来观察低剂量复合螺旋藻多糖的降血糖功能。通过腹腔注射四氧嘧啶建立糖尿病小鼠模型,灌胃不同成分的低剂量复合螺旋藻多糖。30d后测量血糖值、肝脏SOD酶活性、免疫器官指数、负荷葡萄糖耐量试验以及肝糖原的含量。通过数据分析对结果进行判断。结果:复合组PSPGBE=21的降血糖作用优于其他组分。结论:低剂量复合螺旋藻多糖具有一定的降血糖功能。     

Phosphorylase kinase of the liver: deficiency in a girl with increased hepatic glycogen

Studies of a child with glycogenosis revealed an increased concentration of glycogen and low phosphorylase activity in her liver. Using mixtures of homogenates of the patient's liver and of normal liver, we found the low phosphorylase activity to be caused by a deficiency of phosphorylase kinase and not of hepatic phosphorylase. The fact that phosphorylase activity was restored to normal values by the addition of phosphorylase b kinase from rabbit muscle substantiates this conclusion.     

饲料中不同糖源对杂交鲟幼鱼生长性能、血清生化指标和肌肉营养成分的影响

为探讨不同糖源对鲟鱼生长、饲料利用、血清生化指标和肌肉营养组成的影响,共配制5种含有不同糖源(葡萄糖、蔗糖、糊精、玉米淀粉、小麦淀粉)的等氮、等脂试验饲料,饲养初始体质量为(31.88±1.96)g的杂交鲟Acipenser baerii♀×Acipenser schrenckii♂幼鱼8周。结果表明:各试验组的成活率和日摄食率无显著性差异(P0.05);葡萄糖组终末体质量、增重率、特定生长率和蛋白质沉积率均显著低于其他各组(P0.05),而饲料系数则显著高于其他各组(P0.05);糊精组干物质表观消化率和蛋白质表观消化率均为最高,且显著高于葡萄糖组和蔗糖组(P0.05),但与玉米淀粉组和小麦淀粉组无显著性差异(P0.05);葡萄糖组的血糖、血清胆固醇和血清甘油三酯含量均为最高,其中血糖和血清胆固醇指标显著高于其他各组(P0.05),而血清甘油三酯指标则与蔗糖组无显著性差异(P0.05),但显著高于其他3个试验组(P0.05);糊精组肌糖原含量显著高于其他各组(P0.05),而其余各组间则无显著性差异(P0.05),糊精组肝糖原含量最低,且显著低于葡萄糖组和小麦淀粉组(P0.05);葡萄糖组粗脂肪含量最高,且显著高于其他各组(P0.05),小麦淀粉组粗蛋白质含量最高,且显著高于其他各组(P0.05),但与玉米淀粉组无显著性差异(P0.05)。研究表明,在本试验条件下,玉米淀粉和小麦淀粉更适宜作为杂交鲟幼鱼饲料糖源。     

Glycogen synthetase activity in liver: regulation by the autonomic nerves

Electrical stimulation of the vagus nerve in intact or pancreatectomized rabbits resulted in a marked increase, within 5 minutes of the onset of stimulation, in the total activity of liver glycogen synthetase. The effect was completely counteracted by simultaneous stimulation of the splanchnic nerve, although stimulation of the splanchnic nerve alone had little effect on the enzyme. Injection of insulin caused an increase in both the total activity of glycogen synthetase and the activity that was independent of glucose-6-phosphate. The response of the enzyme to vagal stimulation was much faster than to administration of insulin.     

"肝胆综合症"草鱼血液生化特性及组织结构变化

采用组织学和生物化学的方法,对肝脏肿大、变色草鱼的血液生化指标和肝脏组织结构进行研究。与肝脏正常草鱼相比,肝脏变异组草鱼肝胰脏颜色变淡、甚至变绿;肝细胞发生一定程度的脂肪变性或水样变性,甚至胀亡坏死;血清中天冬氨酸氨基转移酶（AST）、丙氨酸氨基转移酶（ALT）、直接胆红素（DB）、总胆红素（TB）、甘油三酯（TG）、肌酐（CRE）均显著升高（P〈0.05）,血清尿素氮（BUN）和胆固醇（CHO）含量有增加趋势但不显著（P〉0.05）,血糖（UGLU）含量和碱性磷酸酶（ALP）的含量无显著性差异（P〉0.05）;超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）显著性降低（P〈0.05）,补体C3、C4的活性值都有不同程度的降低（P〉0.05）;肝糖原显著性降低（P〈0.05）,肝中脂肪含量有所增加但不显著（P〉0.05）。结果表明,肝脏外观产生变异草鱼的肝脏有不同程度的损伤,肾脏也受到一定的损害,同时免疫系统也受到破坏。     

Effect of relative humidity at chronic temperature on growth performance,glucose consumption,and mitochondrial ATP production of broilers

An experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of relative humidity(RH) at chronic temperature on growth performance, glucose consumption, and mitochondrial adenosine triphosphate(ATP) production of broilers. A total of 180 28-day-old Arbor Acres broilers(half males and half females) were randomly allocated to three treatments, each containing six replicates of 10 birds per treatment, using a completely randomized design. Birds were reared at 35, 60 or 85% RH at 32°C for 15 days(temperature increased by 3°C every 3 days from 20 to 32°C within 15 days: 20–23–26–29–32°C). RH affected(P0.05) average daily feed intake(ADFI), average daily gain(ADG), average daily water consumption(ADWC), blood glucose concentrations, muscle glycogen levels, avian uncoupling protein(av UCP) mRNA expression, and cytochrome c oxidase(CCO) activity in liver of broilers at 42 days of age. The 85% RH decreased(P0.05) ADFI, ADG and ADWC; 35% RH decreased(P0.02) ADG. Both 85 and 35% RH increased(P0.01) blood glucose and decreased(P0.05) muscle glycogen. Both 85 and 35% RH increased(P0.05) av UCP mRNA expression. 35% RH decreased(P0.05) CCO activity. In conclusion, both high and low RH inceased glucose consumption and reduced mitochondrial ATP poduction, leading to a decline in growth rate.     

不同工艺提取的蜂胶对2型糖尿病大鼠降血糖作用比较

探讨了采用乙醇提取和超临界萃取的2种蜂胶的降血糖作用,并进行比较研究.将大鼠随机分组后连续9周灌喂蜂胶,每2周测空腹血糖和餐后血糖;于第9周进行糖耐量试验;处死大鼠后,测定其血液中甘油三脂、胆固醇、尿酸、肌酐、尿素氮的含量;解剖大鼠后分别称取其肝、肾重量.结果表明造模后试验组的终重与正常组的差异显著;超临界试验组的糖耐量和胆固醇指标与模型1组的差异显著;其他各项指标的差异均不显著.     

蜂胶中4种黄酮对HepG2细胞胰岛素抵抗的改善作用

为探究蜂胶中4种黄酮成分(高良姜素、短叶松素、松属素、柯因)对胰岛素抵抗的改善作用。通过高浓度胰岛素诱导的方式建立胰岛素抵抗HepG2细胞模型;设立正常组、模型组、高良姜素处理组、短叶松素处理组、松属素处理组、柯因处理组,测定各试验组对HepG2细胞增殖、葡萄糖消耗量、糖原含量、已糖激酶(hexokinase,HK)和丙酮酸激酶(pyruvate kinase,PK)的影响。结果显示:4种黄酮成分在有效浓度范围内对胰岛素抵抗HepG2细胞增殖均无显著影响(P0.05);柯因、短叶松素作用效果不明显(P0.05);高良姜素和松属素均能不同程度地提高IR-HepG2细胞葡萄糖消耗量(glucose consumption,GC)、肝糖原含量、HK和PK活力(P0.05)。上述结果表明蜂胶中高良姜素和松属素能较好地调节IR-HepG2糖代谢,改善胰岛素抵抗,为蜂胶产品的深度开发提供参考。     

生防菌青霉TS67发酵条件优化研究

研究了发酵条件及培养基组成对新型农用抗生菌海洋真菌TS67发酵的影响,改进后的培养条件为:初始pH 8.0,接种量8%,在180 r/min下28℃振荡培养96 h,优化培养基组成为:葡萄糖5g/L,甘油5 g/L,蛋白胨3 g/L,酵母膏1 g/L,单位发酵液的活性提高了6.6倍;同时表明适量的甘油对活性物质的合成有利。     

高能营养液对游泳小鼠抗疲劳效果的研究

以负重游泳的方法制备疲劳模型,观察小鼠力竭性游泳时间和游泳后的血糖、尿素氮及肝糖原水平.结果表明:高能营养液组、葡萄糖氨基酸组、葡萄糖组动物力竭性游泳时间比游泳对照组分别延长142.42%、83.23%和37.37%,高能营养液组和葡葡糖氨基酸组动物力竭性游泳时间与游泳对照组比较,差异极显著(P<0.01);游泳对照组与正常对照组比较,血糖、肝糖原含量均降低,尿素氮水平升高.差异均极显著(P<0.01);与游泳对照组相比,高能营养液组、葡萄糖氨基酸组、葡萄糖组的血糖和肝糖原水平均有所升高,尿素氮水平卜升幅度减小.其中,高能营养液中高剂量组的血糖、血尿素氮、肝糖原与游泳对照组比较,差异极显著(P<0.01).表明该宠物用高能营养液能有效维持游泳动物血糖、肝糖原水平,抑制蛋白质分解,增强体能,具有一定的抗疲劳作用.