miR-33a靶向Lipin1和IRS2调节绵羊前体脂肪细胞分化的研究

旨在揭示miR-33a在绵羊前体脂肪细胞分化中的生物学功能。本研究以15日龄雄性绵羊背部皮下前体脂肪细胞为试验材料,所有的试验均设立3个重复;利用生物信息学软件预测miR-33a的靶基因,并通过双荧光素酶报告试验对预测的潜在靶基因进行验证;用qPCR和Western blotting分别检测miR-33a、Lipin1和IRS2及其编码蛋白的表达,以揭示miR-33a与其靶基因在绵羊前体脂肪细胞分化中的表达规律;慢病毒介导实现miR-33a的过表达和干扰后,检测Lipin1、IRS2和成脂标志基因的表达,并用油红O染色检测脂滴沉积能力,以解析miR-33a对其靶基因的调节机制。生物信息学分析发现,miR-33a与Lipin1和IRS2 3'-UTR都存在结合位点,miR-33a显著下调Lipin1和IRS2野生型双荧光质粒的相对荧光活性（P<0.05）;在绵羊前体脂肪细胞分化中,miR-33a与Lipin1和IRS2的表达趋势相反;过表达miR-33a后,显著下调了Lipin1（P<0.01）和IRS2（P<0.05）及其编码蛋白以及成脂标志基因的表达;干扰miR-33a后,这些基因和蛋白的表达则显著上调;过表达miR-33a减少了脂滴沉积,干扰miR-33a促进了脂滴沉积。在绵羊前体脂肪细胞分化中,miR-33a与Lipin1和IRS2的表达呈负相关。miR-33a靶向Lipin1和IRS2的3'-UTR抑制绵羊前体脂肪细胞分化和脂滴沉积。     

miR-128-1-5p对绵羊前体脂肪细胞增殖和分化调节作用的研究

旨在研究miR-128-1-5p对绵羊前体脂肪细胞增殖与分化的调节作用。本研究经理论预测和试验研究验证miR-128-1-5p的靶基因；过表达miR-128-1-5p后，用qPCR检测增殖标志基因的表达，CCK-8和EdU检测细胞增殖情况；用qPCR和Western blotting检测miR-128-1-5p和其靶基因在前体脂肪细胞分化中的表达趋势；通过过表达或抑制miR-128-1-5p研究其对绵羊前体脂肪细胞分化的调节机制；用油红O染色检测成脂能力。结果表明，KLF2是miR-128-1-5p的靶基因。前体脂肪细胞增殖过程中，过表达miR-128-1-5p后，增殖标志基因的表达量显著或极显著降低（P<0.05或P<0.01），细胞活力显著或极显著降低（P<0.05或P<0.01），新生细胞数显著减少（P<0.05）。前体脂肪细胞分化过程中，miR-128-1-5p与KLF2的表达呈负相关；过表达miR-128-1-5p极显著下调了KLF2 mRNA的表达量（P<0.01），显著下调了KLF2蛋白的表达量（P<0.05），显著或极显著上调了分化标志基因mRNA的表达（P<0.05或P<0.01），产生更多脂滴；抑制miR-128-1-5p则结果相反。综上所述，miR-128-1-5p与KLF2存在结合位点。miR-128-1-5p抑制绵羊前体脂肪细胞的增殖，在分化过程中通过靶向抑制KLF2的表达，促进前体脂肪细胞分化和脂滴沉积。     

绵羊前体脂肪细胞分化过程中HOXC8 DNA甲基化的研究

为阐明小尾寒羊HOXC8 DNA甲基化程度在前体脂肪细胞分化过程中的作用,本研究以小尾寒羊皮下前体脂肪细胞为实验材料,利用生物信息学软件和亚硫酸氢盐测序(Bisulfite Sequencing PCR,BSP)分析HOXC8启动子区和第1外显子区序列的CpG岛和甲基化水平;采用qPCR技术检测在绵羊前体脂肪细胞分化过程中HOXC8的表达水平。结果显示,HOXC8启动子区和第1外显子区各存在1个CpG岛;HOXC8mRNA的表达量在绵羊前体脂肪细胞分化前极显著高于分化后;在绵羊前体脂肪细胞分化第0天与第2天,HOXC8启动子区甲基化水平差异不显著,第1外显子区甲基化水平差异显著,且HOXC8第1外显子区甲基化水平均极显著高于启动子区(P<0.001);对HOXC8第1外显子区甲基化水平与其表达水平进行线性回归分析可知,二者呈高度正相关(r=0.994,P<0.0001)。HOXC8可能主要在绵羊前体脂肪细胞分化前发挥作用,在分化过程中HOXC8在转录水平的表达受第1外显子区甲基化的正调控。     

microRNA-425-5p对3T3-L1前体脂肪细胞增殖、分化的影响

为了探究miR-425-5p对小鼠3T3-L1前体脂肪细胞增殖、分化的影响效应,本试验采用实时荧光定量PCR检测miR-425-5p组织和细胞表达水平;运用CCK8、EdU、油红染色、甘油三酯含量分析等分别检测miR-425-5p对前体脂肪细胞增殖、分化的影响;利用生物信息学软件和双荧光素酶报告试验分别预测、验证miR-425-5p调控前体脂肪细胞分化的靶基因。结果表明,miR-425-5p在肥胖小鼠脂肪组织中低表达,在前体脂肪细胞增殖、分化过程中动态表达;与阴性对照相比,过表达miR-425-5p可促进前体脂肪细胞增殖,抑制脂肪细胞分化标志基因(PPARγ、C/EBPα、FAS等)表达,减少脂滴和甘油三酯积累;抑制miR-425-5p表达可抑制前体脂肪细胞增殖,阻止前体脂肪细胞诱导分化。在前体脂肪细胞分化过程中,过表达或抑制miR-425-5p可分别抑制或促进IGF1基因表达;与阴性对照相比,过表达miR-425-5p可抑制IGF1基因3′-UTR荧光活性,而突变miR-425-5p种子序列与IGF1基因3′-UTR的绑定位点可解除该抑制效果。综上所述,miR-425-5p可促进3T3-L1前体脂肪细胞增殖,并可直接靶向IGF1负向调控其分化。     

Glucose participates in the formation of goose fatty liver by regulating the expression of miRNA-33/CROT

Glucose oversupply promotes formation of fatty liver, and fatty liver is usually accompanied with hyperglycemia. However, the mechanism by which glucose promotes formation of fatty liver is not very clear. In this study, fatty liver was successfully induced in Landes goose by 19 days of overfeeding with corn-based feed, the overfed geese had a significantly higher level of blood glucose than the normally fed geese (control group). In goose primary liver cells, high level of glucose promoted fat deposition and induced the expression of SREBF2(or SREBP2), a key regulator of lipid metabolism, and its intronic gene, miR-33. Moreover, overexpression of miRNA-33(miR-33) promotes lipid accumulation in goose primary liver cells. Consistently, miR-33 inhibitor suppressed glucose induced lipid accumulation in liver cells. Interestingly, the relative abundance of miR-33 in goose fatty liver was significantly higher than that in normal liver, while the relative mRNA and protein abundances of CROT, the target gene of miR-33, in goose fatty liver were significantly lower than those in goose normal liver. Taken together, these findings suggest that miR-33 mediates glucose promotion of lipid accumulation in goose primary liver cells, and that glucose participates in formation of goose fatty liver by regulating the expression of miR-33/CROT.     

miR-106b-5p靶向KLF4调控山羊肌内前体脂肪细胞分化

旨在明确miR-106b-5p对山羊肌内前体脂肪细胞分化的影响，并确定这种作用是通过靶向KLF4来实现的。本研究利用实时荧光定量PCR （quantitative real-time PCR，qRT-PCR）技术检测miR-106b-5p在山羊肌内前体脂肪细胞分化过程中的表达模式，通过脂质体转染技术将miR-106b-5p mimic和miR-106b-5p inhibitor转入体外培养的山羊肌内前体脂肪细胞，油红O染色法从形态学验证miR-106b-5p对脂肪细胞中脂滴积聚的影响，qRT-PCR检测预测的靶标基因KLF4和脂肪分化标志基因的表达情况，利用双荧光素酶报告系统鉴定miR-106b-5p与KLF4的靶标关系。qRT-PCR结果显示，miR-106b-5p在山羊肌内前体脂肪细胞诱导分化第3天时表达量最高。在山羊肌内脂肪细胞中干扰miR-106b-5p后油红O染色显示脂滴聚积减少，过表达miR-106b-5p后脂滴聚积增加。在山羊肌内前体脂肪细胞中转染miR-106b-5p inhibitor后PPARγ表达量显著降低（P<0.05），而KLF4表达量极显著升高（P<0.01）；转染miR-106b-5p mimic后LPL和PPARγ表达量极显著升高（P<0.01）。荧光素酶活性试验结果显示，过表达miR-106b-5p可显著抑制KLF4荧光活性。miR-106b-5p通过靶向并负调节KLF4的表达促进山羊肌内脂肪细胞分化。     

MiR‐330‐5p negatively regulates ovine preadipocyte differentiation by targeting branched‐chain aminotransferase 2

The differentiation of preadipocytes into adipose tissues is tightly regulated by various factors including microRNAs and cytokines. This article aims to study the effect of miR‐330‐5p on expression of BCAT2 in ovine preadipocytes. Ovine preadipocytes were isolated, and we found that the miR‐330‐5p expression decreased gradually during the early differentiation of ovine preadipocytes, while BCAT2 expression increased. BCAT2 was identified as a direct target of miR‐330‐5p, ectopic expression of miR‐330‐5p could change the expression of both BCAT2 mRNA and protein. Silencing BCAT2 had the same inhibition effects as overexpressing miR‐330‐5p on the preadipocyte differentiation, but overexpressing BCAT2 had the converse effects. Taken together, we demonstrated that miR‐330‐5p is a negative regulator of differentiation by targeting BCAT2, and clarified the role of BCAT2 and miR‐330‐5p during preadipocyte differentiation.     

miR-138靶向PGC-1α调控牦牛肌内前体脂肪细胞增殖及分化

旨在分析miR-138在牦牛前体脂肪细胞分化过程中的调控作用。本研究设计合成miR-138 mimics和inhibitor以对细胞进行miR-138过表达及抑制表达,并通过油红O染色分析miR-138对牦牛肌内前体脂肪细胞脂质沉积的影响;利用CCK-8、划痕和流式细胞技术分析miR-138对细胞增殖的影响;通过对bta-miR-138进行生物信息学分析,筛选其在脂质沉积过程中的相关潜在靶基因;利用RT-qPCR测定miR-138潜在靶基因mRNA表达水平,并通过双荧光素酶报告试验确定靶向关系。结果显示,过表达miR-138后,细胞内脂滴沉积水平显著低于对照（NC）组（P<0.01）,而抑制miR-138表达则显著增强脂肪细胞脂质沉积（P<0.01）;RT-qPCR结果表明,过表达miR-138可显著抑制脂肪分化标志基因PPARγ和c/EBPα的表达（P<0.01）,抑制miR-138则上调PPARγ和c/EBPα表达水平（P<0.05）;此外,过表达miR-138后,潜在靶基因PTPN11、CREB1和ADCYAP1R1表达水平显著下调（P<0.05）,而PGC-1α和SNAP25表达极显著下调（P<0.01）;抑制miR-138后MXLIP和SNAP25表达显著上调（P<0.05）,PGC-1α和PTPN11表达极显著上调（P<0.01）;CCK-8和划痕试验结果表明,过表达miR-138后24~36 h,细胞增殖活性显著低于对照组（P<0.05）,而抑制miR-138则表现为细胞增殖活性增强;流式分析结果显示过表达miR-138后,细胞出现G1-S期阻滞,细胞周期相关基因CCND1、CCNB1和增殖标志基因Ki67的mRNA表达显著降低;生物信息学分析预测获得263个miR-138公共靶基因,KEGG富集结果显示靶基因主要参与“轴突导引”、“胰岛素抵抗”、“胰岛素分泌”及“RNA降解”等通路,GO分析主要富集于“RNA聚合酶Ⅱ启动子对转录的正向调控”、“核染色质”、“染色质DNA结合”和“I型肺细胞分化”等功能;双荧光素酶报告试验结果显示,共转染miR-138 mimics和PGC-1α-Wt-PGL3-basic可显著降低细胞荧光强度（P<0.01）。以上结果表明,miR-138可通过靶向结合PGC-1α 3'UTR序列,降低PGC-1α的mRNA表达水平,抑制牦牛肌内前体脂肪细胞分化和脂质沉积,降低细胞增殖活性。本研究为阐明牦牛肉质性状的潜在分子机制提供参考。     

RNA-Seq analysis reveals the potential molecular mechanisms of daidzein on adipogenesis in subcutaneous adipose tissue of finishing Xianan beef cattle

Daidzein has been reported to be effective in regulating lipid metabolism in animals. However, the molecular mechanisms of daidzein on adipogenesis in beef cattle are not yet reported and the results of daidzein on affecting lipid metabolism in other species have been conflicting. High-throughput sequencing of mRNA (RNA-Seq) technology was performed to elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms of daidzein on adipogenesis in subcutaneous adipose tissue of finishing Xianan beef cattle. A total of 893 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified by differential expression analysis, among which 405 genes were upregulated and 488 genes were downregulated. Bioinformatics analysis suggested that these DEGs were significantly enriched to the pathways related to lipid metabolism including ECM–receptor interaction, Glycolysis/Gluconeogenesis and Hedgehog signalling pathway. Daidzein significantly affected the candidate genes (Shh, Pec, Gli, Wnt6, DLK, IGFBP2, ID3 and C/EBPE) related to adipocyte differentiation. Besides, daidzein improved the ability of subcutaneous adipocytes in synthesizing triglycerides by directly using the long-chain fatty acids and enhanced the efficiency of triglyceride synthesis of subcutaneous adipocytes in Xianan steers. In conclusion, daidzein plays a positive role not only in adipogenic differentiation, but also in triglyceride synthesis in subcutaneous adipose tissue of Xianan beef cattle.     

miR-140-5p对前脂肪细胞3T3-L1成脂分化的机制研究

【目的】研究miR-140-5p在前脂肪细胞（3T3-L1）成脂分化过程中的功能及其作用机制。【方法】待3T3-L1细胞汇合度达100%时诱导其成脂分化，收集分化第―1（诱导分化前1 d）、0、1、2、3、5、7天的细胞，用实时荧光定量PCR检测miR-140-5p相对表达量；将miR-140-5p mimics、NC转染3T3-L1细胞并诱导成脂分化，油红O染色观察脂滴形成情况，实时荧光定量PCR检测成脂标志基因CAAT增强子结合蛋白β（C/EBPβ）、CAAT增强子结合蛋白δ（C/EBPδ）与过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体γ（PPARγ）相对表达量；利用miRandn和TargetScan在线网站预测miR-140-5p的靶基因；通过对比序列差异分析P300/CBP相关因子（PCAF）的3'-UTR序列中与miR-140-5p的结合位点序列在小鼠、人等不同物种间的序列保守性。将miR-140-5p mimics、inhibitor、NC转染3T3-L1细胞并诱导成脂分化，实时荧光定量PCR检测miR-140-5p、PCAF相对表达量，Western blotting检测PCAF蛋白水平；将PEGFP-N1-PCAF、PEGFP-N1转染3T3-L1细胞，油红O染色观察脂滴形成情况，实时荧光定量PCR检测PCAF、C/EBPδ、PPARγ基因相对表达量，Western blotting检测C/EBPβ、C/EBPδ、PPARγ蛋白表达水平。将3条PCAF siRNA（siRNA1、siRNA2、siRNA3）、siRNA NC转染3T3-L1细胞，Western blotting法检测PCAF蛋白水平，筛选最佳PCAF siRNA。将最佳PCAF siRNA和siRNA NC转染3T3-L1细胞，油红O染色观察脂滴形成情况，实时荧光定量PCR检测PCAF、C/EBPβ、C/EBPδ与PPARγ基因相对表达量，Western blotting检测C/EBPβ、PPARγ蛋白表达水平。分别将miR-140-5p mimics、NC与PGL0-PCAF 3'-UTR载体和PGLO空载体共转染293T细胞，用双荧光素酶报告试验检测miR-140-5p与PCAF的靶向关系。【结果】在诱导3T3-L1细胞成脂分化过程中，与诱导分化前1 d相比，在细胞成脂分化第1、2天时miR-140-5p相对表达量极显著升高（P＜0.01），在分化第3天时显著升高（P＜0.05）。与NC组相比，miR-140-5p mimics组脂滴数量明显增加，miR-140-5p mimics组成脂标志基因C/EBPδ与PPARγ相对表达量均极显著升高（P＜0.01）。靶基因预测结果表明，miR-140-5p与PCAF存在预期结合位点；保守性分析结果表明，靶基因PCAF结合位点序列在不同物种间具有高度保守性。与NC组相比，mimics组miR-140-5p和PCAF相对表达量均极显著升高（P＜0.01），inhibitor组miR-140-5p极显著降低（P＜0.01）、PCAF显著降低（P＜0.05），PCAF蛋白表达量显著升高（P＜0.05）。与PEGFP-N1组相比，PEGFP-N1-PCAF组脂滴数量增多，PCAF、PPARγ基因相对表达量和C/EBPβ、C/EBPδ蛋白水平极显著升高（P＜0.01），PPARγ蛋白水平显著升高（P＜0.05）。PCAF siRNA1、siRNA2与siRNA3均极显著抑制PCAF蛋白的表达（P＜0.01），siRNA3的效果最显著，因此选择siRNA3进行后续试验。与NC组相比，PCAF siRNA3组3T3-L1细胞中脂滴数量较少，PCAF、C/EBPβ、C/EBPδ、PPARγ基因相对表达量和C/EBPβ蛋白水平均极显著下降（P＜0.01）。双荧光素酶报告试验结果显示，miR-140-5p与PCAF基因之间无靶标关系。【结论】内源性miR-140-5p在3T3-L1细胞分化过程中表达升高，miR-140-5p可能通过间接上调PCAF基因表达促进3T3-L1细胞成脂分化。     

miR-362 knock-down promotes proliferation and inhibits apoptosis in porcine immature Sertoli cells by targeting the RMI1 gene

Immature Sertoli cell proliferation determines the total number of mature Sertoli cells and further regulates normal spermatogenesis. Accumulating evidence demonstrates that microRNAs (miRNAs) play regulatory roles in immature Sertoli cell proliferation, while the functions and mechanisms of the Sertoli cells of domestic animals are poorly understood. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the roles of miR-362 in cell proliferation and apoptosis of porcine immature Sertoli cells. The results showed that miR-362 inhibition promoted the entrance of cells into the S phase and increased the expressions of cell cycle-related genes c-MYC, CNNE1, CCND1 and CDK4. Knock-down of miR-362 also promoted cell proliferation and inhibited apoptosis, which was demonstrated by the results from cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8), 5-ethynyl-2′-deoxyuridine (EdU) and Annexin V-FITC/PI staining assays. The recQ-mediated genome instability protein 1 (RMI1) gene was identified as a potential target gene of miR-362 via luciferase reporter assay, and miR-362 repressed the protein expression of RMI1 in porcine immature Sertoli cells. siRNA-induced RMI1 knock-down further abolished the effects of miR-362 inhibition on porcine immature Sertoli cells. Collectively, we concluded that miR-362 knock-down promotes proliferation and inhibits apoptosis in porcine immature Sertoli cells by targeting the RMI1 gene, which indicates that miR-362 determines the fate of immature Sertoli cells.     

鸡软骨细胞体外分离培养鉴定以及过表达miR-15a对软骨细胞的影响

为分析miR-15a在肉鸡不同组织中的表达情况,并探究过表达miR-15a对体外培养鸡软骨细胞的影响。本研究首先通过倒置显微镜观察、PCR、凝胶电泳和甲苯胺蓝染色对体外分离培养的软骨细胞进行鉴定。通过实时荧光定量PCR检测miR-15a在肢体内外翻畸形(valgus-varus deformity, VVD)组和健康组肉鸡中(各3只)各组织的表达量。之后通过CCK8和EDU方法分析软骨细胞过表达miR-15a后细胞增殖情况。软骨细胞转染miR-15a mimics后,通过qPCR检测软骨细胞的标志基因Collagen-2、Aggrecan、Collagen-10,成熟分化基因Runx2、Sox9、VEGF、MMP9,炎性因子IL-1β、IL-6、IL-8、IL-10、TNF-α、TGF-β3以及凋亡基因Fas、FasL、Bcl-2的表达量。并构建FKBP5 3'UTR的野生型载体和突变型载体,通过双荧光素酶检测报告检测miR-15a与FKBP5的靶向关系。结果表明,本研究所用的胰蛋白酶、Ⅱ型胶原酶和透明质酸酶联合消化法成功分离得到状态良好的软骨细胞。荧光定量结果显示,miR-15a在各组织中均有表达,与健康组相比,miR-15a在VVD组的肝(P < 0.01)、脾(P < 0.05)、胸腺(P < 0.01)中的表达量显著升高,在心和胸肌组织中的表达量显著降低(P < 0.01)。CCK8与EDU分析结果显示,与NC组相比,过表达miR-15a组软骨细胞增殖速度显著降低(P < 0.01),增殖细胞数量显著减少(P < 0.01)。qPCR结果显示,与mimics NC组相比,miR-15a mimics组的软骨细胞标志基因Aggrecan、成熟分化基因Sox9、Runx2表达量显著降低(P < 0.05),Fas基因表达量极显著上升(P < 0.01),FasL基因和抗凋亡基因Bcl-2极显著下降(P < 0.01)。成功构建了FKBP5 3'UTR野生型和突变型载体,双荧光素酶检测报告结果显示预测的靶基因FKBP5与miR-15a没有靶向关系。本研究成功分离并鉴定了鸡软骨细胞,过表达miR-15a抑制鸡软骨细胞增殖、成熟和分化并促进细胞凋亡。     

过表达circNMT1促进水牛脂肪细胞的成脂分化

旨在鉴定非编码RNA circNMT1,明确其组织和细胞的表达模式,以及探究过表达circNMT1对脂肪细胞分化的影响。本试验以30月龄中国沼泽水牛(信阳水牛,n=3)的心、肝、脾、肺、肾、背最长肌、背部皮下脂肪组织和前体脂肪细胞以及3T3-L1细胞为试验材料。通过半定量PCR和实时荧光定量PCR (real-time quantitative PCR,qRT-PCR)技术对circNMT1进行鉴定、细胞定位并明确其时空表达模式。进一步分别将其过表达到3T3-L1和水牛前体脂肪细胞中,利用形态学方法及定量方法检测过表达后脂滴累积情况,同时采用qRT-PCR检测脂肪标志基因相对表达水平的变化。结果表明,circNMT1是真实存在且稳定表达的circRNA,在水牛前体脂肪细胞的细胞核和细胞质中均表达,且在脂肪组织和成熟的脂肪细胞中高表达(P<0.001)。功能获得性试验表明,在3T3-L1细胞和水牛脂肪细胞,circNMT1显著促进脂肪细胞的脂滴积累,并且显著提高成脂标志基因PPARG、C/EBPα和FABP4的相对表达水平(P<0.01)。circNMT1可能是水牛脂肪细胞分化的正调控因子,这为circNMT1在水牛脂肪细胞中的调节作用提供了新见解。     

SRSF10对山羊肌内前体脂肪细胞分化的影响

旨在克隆山羊SRSF10基因序列,明确其生物学特性,并通过过表达和干扰手段阐明SRSF10对山羊肌内脂肪细胞分化的影响。本研究以简州大耳羊(Capra hircus)为试验对象,利用RT-PCR技术克隆山羊SRSF10基因序列,并进行生物信息学分析; 利用实时荧光定量PCR(real-time quantitative PCR,qPCR)技术研究其在成脂诱导分化不同阶段细胞中的表达水平; 转染pcDNA3.1-SRSF10过表达载体和SRSF10-siRNA至山羊肌内前体脂肪细胞并诱导分化,通过油红O和Bodipy染色法从形态学上明确其对脂滴积聚的影响; 通过qPCR方法检测脂肪细胞分化标志基因表达的变化。结果显示,获得山羊SRSF10基因序列为1 026 bp,其中CDS区552 bp,共编码183个氨基酸; SRSF10在诱导分化96 h的肌内脂肪细胞中表达量最高; 过表达和干扰山羊SRSF10分别促进和抑制了肌内脂肪细胞中的脂滴积聚; 过表达后基因SREBP1、PPARγ和C/EBPα的相对表达量极显著上调(P < 0.01),干扰后分化标志基因SREBP1、PPARγ和C/EBPα相对表达水平极显著降低(P < 0.01)。结果表明,山羊SRSF10是肌内脂肪细胞分化的正调控作用因子,并且这种调控作用可能主要通过调节SREBP1、PPARγ和C/EBPα的表达来实现。     

Castration induced circRNA expressional changes in subcutaneous adipose tissue of male pigs

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) participated in regulation of lipid metabolism; however, its functional role on castration-induced lipid deposition has not been deeply researched. So in this research, we firstly compared circRNAs expressional differences in subcutaneous adipose tissue between intact and castrated male Huainan pigs. A total of 6116 differentially expressed circRNAs (DECs) were detected between these two groups (|log₂foldchange| ≥ 1 and p_adj ≤ 0.05); GO and KEGG analysis showed that their parent genes were mainly enriched in metabolism-related pathway. And TGF-beta, insulin, AMPK, and MAPK pathways might play vital role in castration-induced lipid deposition. The miRNAs enriched in the constructed circRNA–miRNA network were mainly participated in adipogenesis and lipid metabolism, such as miR-143a-3p, miR-378, and miR-195. And it was verified that testosterone upregulated miR-181a but downregulated circ_0005912 expression in a dose-dependent manner in porcine intramuscular adipocytes, and overexpression of miR-181a inhibited circ_0005912. Taken together, these DECs may participate in the regulation of lipid metabolism after castration by reaction with miRNAs, which indicated the novel role of circRNAs in castration-induced lipid deposition.     

Characterization of HOX gene expression in canine mammary tumour cell lines from spontaneous tumours

Spatial/temporal controls of development are regulated by the homeotic (HOX) gene complex and require integration with oncogenes and tumour suppressors regulating cell cycle exit. Spontaneously derived neoplastic canine mammary carcinoma cell models were investigated to determine if HOX expression profiles were associated with neoplasia as HOX genes promote neoplastic potential in human cancers. Comparative assessment of human and canine breast cancer expression profiles revealed remarkable similarity for all four paralogous HOX gene clusters and several unlinked HOX genes. Five canine HOX genes were overexpressed with expression profiles consistent with oncogene‐like character (HOXA1, HOXA13, HOXD4, HOXD9 and SIX1) and three HOX genes with underexpressed profiles (HOXA11, HOXC8 and HOXC9) were also identified as was an apparent nonsense mutation in HOXC6. This data, as well as a comparative analysis of similar data from human breast cancers suggested expression of selected HOX genes in canine mammary carcinoma could be contributing to the neoplastic phenotype.     

葛根素对Akt通路调控3T3-L1脂肪细胞分化的影响

为了研究葛根素（puerarin）对3T3-L1前体脂肪细胞分化的影响,探索其在成脂分化过程中的潜在作用机制,试验在脂肪形成过程中将0、10、50 μmol/L葛根素加入到诱导分化培养基中诱导分化,分别通过油红O染色法及甘油三酯酶法检测葛根素对3T3-L1脂肪细胞的脂滴积累、甘油三酯的影响;采用实时荧光定量PCR检测脂肪细胞中CCAAT-增强子结合蛋白α（C/EBPα）和过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体γ（PPARγ）的mRNA表达量,Western blotting检测脂肪形成相关转录因子及Akt信号通路的蛋白水平的表达量。结果表明,10 μmol/L葛根素极显著增加了成熟脂肪细胞中脂滴和甘油三酯（TG）的积聚,极显著促进了脂肪形成相关转录因子C/EBPα和PPARγ的mRNA和蛋白水平的表达量（P<0.01）。进一步研究发现,与对照组相比,葛根素的刺激可增强Akt信号通路Ser473蛋白的磷酸化表达水平,表明葛根素对成脂分化过程的促进作用很大程度上是通过Akt信号通路的磷酸化来实现的。综上所述,葛根素能够促进3T3-L1前体脂肪细胞的分化,改善胰岛素敏感性,其作用机制与激活Akt信号通路Ser473位点的磷酸化水平有关。本试验结果可为研究胰岛素的效应机制提供新见解,为胰岛素抵抗相关疾病的治疗提供新思路。