浅谈动物性食品药物残留的危害及对策

1动物性食品药物残留的来源食品动物用药后,药物的原形或其代谢产物和有关杂质可能蓄积、残留在动物的组织、器官或食用产品中,这样便造成了兽药在动物性食品中的残留。影响动物性食品质量安全的主要因素是不正确地使用兽药和饲喂不安全的饲料,导致动物产品药物残留。主要原因有：     

临汾市确保动物性食品质量安全的几项措施

随着经济的快速发展和人民生活水平的不断提高,人们对动物性食品的需求量不断加大,对动物性食品质量提出了更高的要求。但是,人们长期对动物养殖业可持续发展的认识不足,仅为眼前的利益所蒙蔽,在饲养、加工过程中过量使用药物、添加剂等,加上动物性食品中有毒、有害物质残留检测工作尚处于起步阶段,多个部门管理部门问职责范围不清,使监督管理力度和执法打击的力度削弱,导致动物性食品安全问题频发。笔者结合多年基层工作、实际工作,提出以下建议。     

动物源性食品安全存在的问题与对策

随着我国经济的发展和人民生活水平的提高,人们对动物性食品的需求发生了由量到质的变化。人们不仅关心动物性食品的营养价值,而且更关心其卫生与安全。特别是近年来,国外重大动物疫病的发生,国内动物性食品因药物残留引发的一系列人体食物中毒事件等,更加大了国民对国内动物性食品安全的担心。目前,食品安全已成为我国各级政府和社会关注的热点话题,也是影响我国畜产品出口的关键问题。为此,笔者结合长沙市畜禽水产品质量检测中心对长沙地区畜禽水产品质量检测结果,谈谈对动物源性食品质量安全存在的问题与对策。1动物源性食品安全存在的主…     

规范检疫监督工作 提高动物卫生执法水平

<正>而随着经济的发展,人们生活水平逐渐提高,人们对食品质量和食品安全要求更高。在我国,重大动物疫病多发、致病微生物污染、畜产品饲养过程中违禁药物和饲料添加剂滥用、有毒有害物质残留超标,以及饲养、运输、贮藏、屠宰加工环节中的动物卫生条件等问题,严重影响着动物性食品质量和卫生安全,而动物检疫监督工作是保证动物性食品质量安全基础工作,动物检疫监督工作的好坏直接关系到动物性食品质量安全。现就根据动物卫生监督机构职责和乐都区当前实     

确保动物食品质量安全的几项措施

随着广大消费者对食品质量安全认识程度的不断提高和自我保护意识的不断增强，食品质量安全，特别是动物食品质量安全已成为各阶层和全社会极为关注的热点。加强动物保健，提高动物食品质量安全已成为广大消费者的共同愿望和心声。为此应从多方面人手，采取各种措施，着力提高动物食品的质量安全，确保广大消费者的身心健康，促进社会安定团结。     

中草药饲料添加剂对畜产品质量安全和品质的影响

动物性食品中的兽药残留成为其质量安全的重大隐患,被称为"高效、低毒、无残留"的中草药饲料添加剂日益受到广泛的关注。文章主要阐述中草药饲料添加剂对动物性食品质量安全和胴体品质提升的影响,为畜禽业的快速发展、提高动物性产品质量安全提供了理论依据。     

乌海市动物源性食品安全体系建设的调研与思考

动物源性食品质量安全问题不仅是我国畜牧业发展中关注的热点,也是世界各国关注的焦点。目前,世界各国的动物源性食品安全形势不容乐观,主要表现为食源性疾病不断上升、恶性动物源性食品污染事件时有发生,给动物源性食品生产、加工新技术和新工艺带来新危害。因此,在全世界范围内,由于动物源性食品质量安全而引发的贸易纠纷不断。这些问     

基层畜产品安全工作刍议

<正>随着人民生活水平的不断提高,人们对动物性食品的需求日益增长,对动物性食品的安全性越来越关注,吃"放心肉、蛋、奶"已成为消费者迫切需求。如何做好动物防疫,指导畜禽生产,监管兽药饲料市场,直接关系到畜产品安全工作开展的好坏,直接关系到消费者的健康。作为基层畜牧兽医人员,现就基层畜产品安全工作发表个人的见解。     

当涂县畜牧局推广畜牧技术加强畜产品安全监管

<正>俗话说:"民以食为天,食以安为先"。随着人民生活水平的不断提高,人们的膳食结构发生了巨大的变化,动物性食品的消费量越来越大,同时对畜产品的质量安全的要求也越来越高。近几年,"三聚氰胺"、"瘦肉精"、抗生素严重超标等畜产品质量安全事件不断发生,使畜产品质量安全成为畜产品消费的敏感问题和社会关注的热点问题。无公害、无污染、安全绿色的动物产品成为居民消费的喜爱食品。食品安全监管成为保障人民群众健康安全和社会和谐稳定的一道"防护     

浅谈动物性食品药物残留的危害及对策

随着畜牧业高度集约化．大量使用抗菌药物防治疾病．造成动物性食品中抗菌药物的残留，给人民健康带来严重的威胁。如今．动物性食品质量安全日益受到社会的关注．人们对动物性食品的需求已由原来的数量型转变为质量型，无公害、绿色、有机食品越来越受到欢迎。     

Salmonella in pork cuttings in supermarkets and butchers' shops in Denmark in 2002 and 2006

The prevalence of Salmonella in fresh pork cuttings in Denmark in the years 2002 and 2006 was investigated at retail and compared with the retail supply pattern. A total of 1025 and 3473 samples were taken in 2002 from butcher's shops and supermarkets, respectively. The corresponding numbers in 2006 were 259 from butchers' shops and 628 from supermarkets. In 2002, 1.2% of all samples were positive for Salmonella; butchers' shops and supermarkets had 1.8% and 1.0% positive samples, respectively. The overall prevalence in 2006 was 4.2%, with prevalence of 8.1% and 2.6% for butchers' shops and supermarkets, respectively. Hence, increases around 3- to 5-fold were found. There was neither observed any parallel increase in Salmonella positive carcasses in Danish slaughterhouses during the study period, nor were any changes in supply routes towards slaughterhouses with higher prevalence observed, which could explain the apparent increase. We hypothesize that hygiene levels and ability to avoid cross-contamination and prevent growth of the organism, in the meat processing chain after slaughter were the most likely responsible factors. Results from this study indicate that the hygiene performance, particularly at retail, has a significant impact on the occurrence of Salmonella. This implies that there is no direct link between slaughterhouse Salmonella surveillance data and the level of Salmonella contamination at retail. To improve risk assessment of Salmonella in fresh pork meat, this study underlines the need for comprehensive retail data.     

Helminth and protozoan parasites in dogs and cats in Belgium

This study investigates the level of helminthic and protozoal infestation over the last 10 years in strays, well-cared-for dogs and cats. Determination of the prevalence of infections was based either on faecal examination or on worm counts at necropsy. Of 2324 faecal flotations (NaCl sp.gr. 1.20) of stray dogs, 34.2% had eggs or proglottids of one or more worm species consisting of Toxocara canis (17.4%), Toxascaris leonina (10.1%), Uncinaria stenocephala (11.4%), Trichuris vulpis (7.0%) and cestodes (2.1%). Isospora oocysts were observed in 5.2% of the dogs. The data on the distribution of the various worm species in the positive dogs indicate that T. canis eggs were by far the most common (50.9%). Necropsy data from 212 infected dogs indicate that 38.9% were infected with T. canis and 33.7% with T. leonina. The overall prevalence of worm infestation of 246 well-cared-for kennel dogs, based on worm egg counts by the McMaster technique, was 36.1%. Of 30 feline faecal samples examined by flotation, 83.3% were positive for parasites, including Toxocara cati (60%), Ancylostoma tubaeformae (36.6%), Taenia (Hydatigera) taeniaeformis (20%) and coccidia (30%). Toxocara cati was the most frequently found worm species at the necropsy of 25 cats (52%). Toxoplasma was not observed.     

Sanguinarine metabolism and pharmacokinetics study in vitro and in vivo

Sanguinarine (SA) is a benzo[c] phenanthridine alkaloid which has a variety of pharmacological properties. However, very little was known about the pharmacokinetics of SA and its metabolite dihydrosanguinarine (DHSA) in pigs. The purpose of this work was to study the intestinal metabolism of SA in vitro and in vivo. Reductive metabolite DHSA was detected during incubation of SA with intestinal mucosa microsomes, cytosol, and gut flora. After oral (p.o.) administration of SA, the result showed SA might be reduced to DHSA in pig intestine. After i.m. administration, SA and DHSA rapidly increased to reach their peak concentrations (C_max, 30.16 ± 5.85, 5.61 ± 0.73 ng/ml, respectively) at 0.25 hr. Both compounds were completely eliminated from the plasma after 24 hr. After single oral administration, SA and DHSA rapidly increased to reach their C_max (3.41 ± 0.36, 2.41 ± 0.24 ng/ml, respectively) at 2.75 ± 0.27 hr. The half-life (T_1/2) values were 2.33 ± 0.11 hr and 2.20 ± 0.12 hr for SA and DHSA, respectively. After multiple oral administration, the average steady-state concentrations (C_ss) of SA and DHSA were 3.03 ± 0.39 and 1.42 ± 0.20 ng/ml. The accumulation indexes for SA and DHSA were 1.21 and 1.11. The work reported here provides important information on the metabolism sites and pharmacokinetic character of SA. It explains the reasons for low toxicity of SA, which is useful for the evaluation of its performance.     

Chlortetracycline in swine-bioavailability and pharmacokinetics in fasted and fed pigs

Chlortetracycline hydrochloride was administered intra-arterially (11 mg/kg) and as an oral drench (33 mg/kg) to ten 21.0-31.5-kg pigs. Five of the pigs were fasted 18 h prior to dosing and five of the pigs were fed ad libitum prior to dosing. The mean volume of distribution determined by area-under-the-curve calculations for the fasted pigs (0.967 +/- 0.210 l/kg) was significantly less (P less than 0.05) than the mean volume of distribution for the fed pigs (1.39 +/- 0.31 l/kg). Mean total body clearance of the drug was also significantly less (P less than 0.05) in the fasted pigs (0.165 +/- 0.055 l/kg/h) as compared to the fed pigs (0.307 +/- 0.053 l/kg/h). The elimination constants (beta) were not found to be statistically different (P less than 0.05): 0.1811 +/- 0.0057 for the fasted pigs; 0.2260 +/- 0.0461 for the fed pigs. The bioavailability for both groups was similar; 19.12 +/- 8.3% for the fasted pigs and 17.88 +/- 5.3% for the fed pigs. In a second experiment three groups of six pigs which weighed 34.5-44.1 kg were fed a corn-soy diet ad libitum. The rations were fortified with chlortetracycline at 100, 400 or 1000 mg chlortetracycline hydrochloride/kg feed. Chlortetracycline concentrations were determined in plasma samples collected over a 6-day period. Plasma chlortetracycline concentrations reach a plateau within 24 h after initial access to the trial diets and were highly correlated with the dose of the drug consumed (r2 = 0.97).     

2005年国内蛋、肉鸡市场分析回顾及2006年走势预测

2005年如果没有年底的禽流感疫情,对于我国蛋鸡、肉鸡生产来说应该是一个非常完美的丰收年,是哪些因素导致了2005年蛋鸡市场如此好的行情?2006年我国家禽市场又将走向何方?……作者对以上热点问题进行了深入分析研究,供读者参考。     

Pharmacokinetics of penicillin-G in ewes and cows in late pregnancy and in early lactation

Concentrations of penicillin-G in serum were determined after single intravenous doses of potassium penicillin-G (10 mg/kg body wt) to ewes and cows in late pregnancy and in early lactation. Penicillin-G in serum was analysed by a microbiological method and pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated by model-independent methods. Serum concentrations were lower in early lactation than in late pregnancy in both ewes and cows. The differences were statistically significant at most sampling times in ewes but only during the first hour in cows.
Weight corrected values of clearance and volume of distribution were significantly higher in early lactation than in late pregnancy in both ewes and cows. Mean residence time and elimination-half life were shorter in lactating than in pregnant ewes, however for the latter parameter the difference was not statistically significant. Neither of these parameters changed in cows.
It is concluded that in both ewes and cows pharmacokinetic parameters of penicillin-G are altered from late pregnancy to early lactation but that these changes have little practical impact and do not call for a revised dosage regime of the studied drug.     

Housing of dogs and cats in shelters and kennels in Switzerland

The study deals with the situation regarding housing of dogs and cats in Swiss shelters and kennels. In shelters, dogs were mainly held inside a cubicle with a small outside yard. In kennels, housing of dogs took place mainly in inside rooms. Usually two or three dogs were kept together. Cats were held in rooms, with or without outside yards, mainly in groups; no establishment preferred exclusively the housing in cubicles. Shelters received on average 183 dogs and 262 cats each year. Among them, about a third were lost animals while the remaining ones were relinquished. The study highlights some possibilities for improvements and the great diversity of the establishments regarding their size, infrastructure, housing conditions and aims.