专利简介

专利简介油棕丝生产中密度纤维板、碎料板其工艺流程为：油棕果（壳）→拉丝→烘干→切断→浸泡→蒸煮→成型→预压→热压→锯边。技术效果为：ＭＯＲ（ＭＰａ）４０．０８；ＩＢ（ＭＰａ）０．５２；ＴＳ（％）９．３７５；Ｐ（ｇ／ｍｍ↑［３］）０．７６；Ｈ（％）７．...     

葵花秸碎料板生产工艺技术研究

对葵花秸碎料板的原材料收集加工、不同类型碎料的制备工艺过程及不同类型碎料对碎料板性能的影响等问题进行研究,探讨用葵花秸生产碎料板的生产工艺技术方案。     

信息快递

油棕丝MDF生产线通过鉴定　　今年6月,上海市科委主持召开了上海人造板机器厂研制开发的油棕丝生产MDF生产线科技成果鉴定会。该项目为上海市科委1997年上海科技发展基金国际合作项目。油棕丝MDF生产线是上海人造板机器厂开发的创新产品,首次实现了油棕丝的工业化生产。应用原有木质MDF生产线,针对油棕丝的特点,改进了原料处理、进料输送、铺装等装置,并在热水浸泡、蒸煮软化、纤维分离、铺装成型、热压等工序采取了特殊设计。用此设备生产的油棕丝MDF板经国家林业局南京人造板质量监督检验站检测,各项技术指标均达到国标GB11718-89…     

竹碎料板生产技术

竹碎料板是以竹质碎料为主要原料,施加一定量的胶粘剂,经成型、热压而制成的竹质人造板材。发展竹碎料板生产是工业性开发利用杂竹资源的有效途径之一,也可利用竹材加工剩余物以提高竹材综合利用率。本文介绍竹碎料板生产的主要工艺流程及工艺要点。     

麦秸无胶碎料板制备工艺研究

以麦秸碎料为主要原料,采用漆酶水浴与干法两种不同处理方法压制麦秸无胶碎料板,研究热压温度、热压压力和热压时间对板材物理力学性能的影响。试验结果表明:影响麦秸无胶碎料板物理力学性能的主要因素是热压温度;水浴处理方法压制碎料板的物理力学性能优于干法压制的碎料板;漆酶水浴处理方法较优的热压工艺参数为漆酶用量43.6U/g,含水率10%,热压温度170℃,热压压力3~4MPa,热压时间20~25min。     

三种竹碎料板的物理力学性能比较分析

对三种竹碎料板的物理力学性能进行了比较分析。板材弹性模量：竹席增强竹碎料板〉竹碎料/木纤维复合板〉普通竹碎料板;静曲强度：竹席增强竹碎料板〉竹碎料/木纤维复合板〉普通竹碎料板;吸水率：普通竹碎料板〉竹碎料/木纤维复合板〉竹席增强竹碎料板;吸水厚度膨胀率：普通竹碎料板〉竹碎料/木纤维复合板〉竹席增强竹碎料板;内结合强度：竹碎料/木纤维复合板〉竹席增强竹碎料板〉普通竹碎料板。     

《竹材水泥碎料板制造工艺研究》通过通信评审

1992年9月5日,湖南省林业厅组织了对中南林学院余德新教授主持的《竹材水泥碎料板制造工艺研究》项目的通信评审,认定该研究居国内领先水平。《竹材水泥碎料板制造工艺研究》课题组,在完成湖南省主要竹材与水泥的相容性研究的     

油棕丝中密度纤维板研制通过鉴定

怀福建林学院教授吴纯初主持守成的《油棕丝中密度纤维板的研究》于1997年12月15日通过省级鉴定该项目以油棕丝为原料,压制中密度纤维板的研究纱属木质人造板范畴,油棕丝属棕榈科乔现繁殖于热带,亚热不定期等地,我国云南、广西南部和广东,海南等地均有栽培,而国外马来西亚油棕树栽培量占全球一兰,每年油棕果收割后有外壳、茎叶可以加工油棕丝3700万吨,均未能被利用。本课题在试验研究中分析了油棕丝的化学成分开和纤维形态。采用正交试验方法,得出最佳工艺参数,在试验基础上,找出了没棕丝中纤板物理力学性能的主要影响困纱,生产…     

红麻秆无胶碎料板的研究

制定了红麻秆(Hibiscus cannabinus)材料在无任何添加剂的条件下制作无胶碎料板的相关工艺,探讨了红麻杆无胶碎料板的密度与其物理力学性能(静曲强度、内结合强度、吸水厚度膨胀率)间的关系,根据国家标准GB/T4897.2-2003干燥状态下使用的普通刨花板要求评价了红麻杆无胶碎料板的性能,结果表明:当密度大于0.7g/cm3时,红麻秆无胶碎料板的性能即能够满足标准要求。并使用傅里叶红外光谱研究了其在热压过程中的官能团变化,进而初步分析红麻秆无胶碎料板的胶合机理。     

水泥稻草碎料板工艺参数的初步研究

采用半干法生产工艺对水泥稻草碎料板生产工艺进行了初步试验,研究了密度、添加剂用量、水胶比和胶草比等因子对水泥稻草碎料板物理力学性能的影响,确定了水泥稻草碎料板的最佳工艺参数为:板材密度为1 150 kg.m-3,胶稻草比为3∶1,水胶比为0.5∶1,添加剂(氯化钙)的用量为3.0%。     

Ozone air pollution effects on tree-ring growth, delta(13)C, visible foliar injury and leaf gas exchange in three ozone-sensitive woody plant species

We assessed the effects of ambient tropospheric ozone on annual tree-ring growth, delta(13)C in the rings, leaf gas exchange and visible injury in three ozone-sensitive woody plant species in southern Switzerland. Seedlings of Populus nigra L., Viburnum lantana L. and Fraxinus excelsior L. were exposed to charcoal-filtered air (CF) and non-filtered air (NF) in open-top chambers, and to ambient air (AA) in open plots during the 2001 and 2002 growing seasons. Ambient ozone exposures in the region were sufficient to cause visible foliar injury, early leaf senescence and premature leaf loss in all species. Ozone had significant negative effects on net photosynthesis and stomatal conductance in all species in 2002 and in V. lantana and F. excelsior in 2001. Water-use efficiency decreased and intercellular CO(2) concentrations increased in all species in response to ozone in 2002 only. The width and delta(13)C of the 2001 and 2002 growth rings were measured for all species at the end of the 2002 growing season. Compared with CF seedlings, mean ring width in the AA and NF P. nigra seedlings was reduced by 52 and 46%, respectively, in 2002, whereas in V. lantana and F. excelsior, ring width showed no significant reductions in either year. Although delta(13)C was usually more negative in CF seedlings than in AA and NF seedlings, with the exception of F. excelsior in 2001, ozone effects on delta(13)C were significant only for V. lantana and P. nigra in 2001. Among species, P. nigra exhibited the greatest response to ozone for the measured parameters as well as the most severe foliar injury and was the only species to show a significant reduction in ring width in response to ozone exposure, despite significant negative ozone effects on leaf gas exchange and the development of visible foliar injury in V. lantana and F. excelsior. Thus, significant ozone-induced effects at the leaf level did not correspond to reduced tree-ring growth or increased delta(13)C in all species, indicating that the timing of ozone exposure and severity of leaf-level responses may be important in determining the sensitivity of tree productivity to ozone exposure.     

Isolation and characterization of proline/betaine transporter gene from oil palm

Oil production from oil palm is adversely affected by drought and salt. Under drought and salt stress, proline content increases in oil palm; the mechanism for this is unknown. Here, an 8319-nucleotide sequence including cDNA, genomic DNA and the promoter region of proline transporter gene from oil palm Elaeis guineensis was determined. The transporter gene exhibited high similarity to Bet/ProT genes from several plants, but the highest homology was found with rice ProT1. The exon-intron structure of genomic DNA was unique, and numerous stress-response cis-elements were found in the promoter region. Expression of cDNA EgProT1 in Escherichia coli mutant exhibited uptake activities for glycinebetaine and choline as well as proline. Under salt-stressed conditions, exogenously applied glycinebetaine was taken up into the root more rapidly than the control. These data indicate that oil palm has a unique Pro/T1 gene. Nucleotide sequence data for the cDNA and genomic DNA of proline transporter gene from Elaeis guineensis are available in the DDJB database under accession numbers AB597035 and AB597036, respectively.     

Analyses of the ash dieback pathogen,Hymenoscyphus fraxineus,suggest role of tree species diversity on colonization and population structure differentiation

Microsatellite markers were used to investigate the population structure of the Ash Dieback pathogen, Hymenoscyphus fraxineus, across a tree species diversity gradient containing common ash, Fraxinus excelsior, in the Hainich National Park in central Germany. Population differentiation was determined at a local spatial scale that may be driven by tree species mixtures.     

基于人工神经网络的原木CT图像缺陷识别

以欧洲白蜡为例,利用训练好的神经网络识别原木CT图像中的各种木材缺陷.不同隐蔽层节点的神经网络可以正确地识别树皮、节子、腐朽和无疵木材;但是对于细小裂纹尚还不能准确识别.计算机快速、自动识别图像中的各种缺陷,有利于实现最优化的锯切方案.     

马来西亚优良油棕品种的引种与栽培

油棕是热带著名的油料作物,是一种重要的食用油和生物柴油资源,在中国热区颇具发展前景。笔者从马来西亚引进优良油棕品种,在西双版纳进行育苗和试种,结果表明:优良油棕品种在中国热区能正常生长发育,3年生植株高4.22 m,地径0.45 m,定植后第4年开花,花穗饱满,生长良好,引种已基本成功。文章还介绍了油棕的育苗和造林技术,为中国热区油棕产业发展奠定技术基础。     

马来西亚优良油棕品种的引种与栽培技术

油棕是热带著名的油料作物,是一种重要的食用油和生物柴油资源,在中国热区颇具发展前景。笔者从马来西亚引进优良油棕品种,在西双版纳进行育苗和试种,结果表明：优良油棕品种在中国热区能正常生长发育,3年生植株高4．22m,地径0．45m,定植后第4年开花,花穗饱满,生长良好,引种已基本成功。文章还介绍了油棕的育苗和造林技术,为中国热区油棕产业发展奠定技术基础。     

Insect pests of some exotic and indigenous browse species in southeastern Nigeria

During the period February to July 1992 the incidence of attacks by insect pests on ten cultivated browse species was studied at Obio Akpa, located in humid southeastern Nigeria. Two of the browse speciesGliricidia sepium andLeucaena leucocephala were exotic and eightAlchornia cordifolia, Baphia nitida, Rauvolfia vomitoria, Diallum guineensis, Ficus capensis, Glyphaea brevis, Homalium aylmeri andManniophytum fulvum indigenous. Forty insect pests were collected and 33 identified. Those identified belonged to either the order Coleoptera, Heteroptera, Lepidoptera or Orthoptera. Some of the insects were browse-specific, while others attacked several browse species. None of the browse species was free from insect attacks.     

Biomass investment in leaf lamina versus lamina support in relation to growth irradiance and leaf size in temperate deciduous trees

Foliar biomass investment in support and assimilative compartments was studied in four temperate deciduous tree species along a natural light gradient across the canopy. The species ranked according to shade tolerance as Betula pendula Roth. < Populus tremula L. < Fraxinus excelsior L. < Tilia cordata Mill. Long-term light conditions at sampling locations were characterized as seasonal mean integrated quantum flux density (Q(int), mol m(-2) day(-1)) estimated by a method combining hemispherical photography and light measurements with quantum sensors. Leaf morphology was altered by Q(int) in all species. Both lamina and petiole dry mass per lamina area (LMA and PMA, respectively) increased with increasing Q(int). Shade-tolerant species had lower LMA at low Q(int) than shade-intolerant species; however, PMA was not related to shade tolerance. Across species, the ratio of petiole dry mass to lamina dry mass (PMR) varied from 0.07 to 0.21. It was independent of Q(int) in the simple-leaved species, but decreased with increasing Q(int) in the compound-leaved F. excelsior, which also had the largest foliar biomass investment in petioles. Differences in leaf mass and area, ranging over four orders of magnitude, provided an explanation for the interspecific variability in PMR. Species with large leaves also had greater biomass investments in foliar support than species with smaller leaves. This relationship was similar for both simple- and compound-leaved species. There was a negative relationship between PMR and petiole N concentration, suggesting that petioles had greater carbon assimilation rates and paid back a larger fraction of their construction cost in species with low PMR than in species with high PMR. This was probably the result of a negative relationship between PMR and petiole surface to volume ratio. Nevertheless, petioles had lower concentrations of mineral nutrients than laminas. Across species, the ratio of petiole N to lamina N varied from only 3 to 6%, demonstrating that petiole costs are less in terms of nutrients than in terms of total biomass, and that the petiole contribution to carbon assimilation is disproportionately lower than that of the lamina contribution.     

GROWTH STIMULATION OF FOREST TREE SEEDLINGS BY THE ACTIVITY OF FREE-LIVING MYCORRHIZAL MYCELIA

Observations by the late Dr. M. C. Rayner on a field experimentand the results of subsequent pot-culture experiments demonstratethat the soil activity of mycorrhizal fungi can improve thedevelopment of forest tree seedlings (Picea, Pinus, Betula)before actual mycorrhizal infection takes place. Further experimentsshow that ectotrophic mycelia are capable of stimulating endotrophictree species (Fraxinus excelsior, Cbam?cyparis lawsoniana, Robiniapseudacacia), i.e. that these ectotrophic mycorrhiza-formersbring about growth stimulation of the plant although no infectionis formed at a later stage. It is suggested provisionally thatat least some ectotrophic mycelia, Boletus scaber and Rbizopogonluteolus, may influence seedling growth by attacking soil organicmatter and liberating ‘nutrients’ from which thehigher plant benefits.     

Harmfulness of eriophyid mites (Eriophyoidea,Acari) causing galls on trees and shrubs in the Czech Republic

Fifteen eriophyid mite species are the most abundant species in the Czech Republic from which four, viz.Eriophyes fraxinivorus onFraxinus excelsior, E. platanoideus onAcer platanoides, Phytoptus pyri onPyrus communis andStenacis triradiatus on various species ofSalix injure their host plants and are evaluated as pests. The weight of the leaves attacked by eriophyid mites increase with increasing number of galls pro leaf but the surface of attacked leaves decrease with increasing attack. Harmfulness of eriophyid mites manifests by reducing of assimilation processes, retardation of growth, precocious drying and fall-off of attacked leaves. Heavily attacked young shrubs and trees may dry and decease.With one figure and 2 tables