猪断奶后多系统衰竭综合征研究进展

断奶后多系统衰竭综合征(PMW S)是在北美和欧洲首先发现的一种新的猪传染病,并从PMW S患猪体内分离到猪圆环病毒2型(PCV-2)。作者就猪断奶后多系统衰竭综合征的病原学、流行病学、临床症状、病理变化及诊断方法等研究进展进行了综述。     

猪圆环病毒的研究进展

猪圆环病毒(Porcine circovirus,PCV)是断奶猪多系统衰竭综合征(Postwearning multisystemic wasting syndrome,PMW s)的病原.本文对其流行病学、理化特性、致病机理、诊断方法及分子生物学的研究作如下综述.     

猪圆环病毒检测技术研究进展

猪圆环病毒病是由猪圆环病毒(PCV)感染引起的,以免疫抑制为特征的一类病毒性传染病,临床表现主要是由PCV-2引起的仔猪断奶后多系统衰竭综合征。文章就近几年国内外对该病毒检测技术,包括病毒分离、电镜观察、聚合酶链式反应、间接免疫荧光试验、免疫组织化学技术、酶联免疫吸附试验、原位核酸杂交试验等的研究进展做了阐述。     

猪圆环病毒病2型诊断技术的研究进展

猪圆环病毒(PCV)是迄今为止发现的一种最小的脊椎动物病毒,可引起断奶仔猪进行性消瘦、淋巴组织等组织病变的一种多系统衰竭综合征的重要传染病,临床上主要与断奶仔猪多系统衰竭综合征(PMWS)、猪皮炎肾病综合征(PDNS)、仔猪先天性震颤(CT)、坏死性间质性肺炎(PNP)及母猪繁殖障碍等疾病有关。根据病毒致病性的差异,以及核苷酸序列和抗原性的不同,将猪圆环病毒分成无致病性的猪圆环病毒1型(PCV1)和具有致病性的猪圆环病毒2型(PCV2)。本文从病原学诊断、血清学诊断和分子生物学诊断等方面综述了当前国内外PCV2常用的实验室诊断方法的研究进展,可为临床上猪圆环病毒病的确诊提供参考。     

仔猪多系统衰竭综合征的诊断和防治

仔猪多系统衰竭综合征是由致病性猪圆环病毒Ⅱ型感染断奶仔猪后引起的疾病。本文从仔猪多系统衰竭综合征的临床症状、流行病学特征、病理变化对疾病进行了初步诊断,同时对本病的防治措施进行系统研究。     

猪圆环病毒2型及其相关性疾病的临床症状与诊断

猪圆环病毒2型(PCV-2)与猪群中发生的许多疾病密切相关,造成断奶仔猪多系统衰竭综合征(PMWS)、猪皮炎与肾病综合征(PDNS)、断奶猪和育肥猪的呼吸道病复合征(PRDC)、幼龄仔猪的先天性震颤等疾病,同时可造成免疫抑制.笔者就猪圆环病毒2型及其相关性疾病的临床症状与诊断进行了阐述.     

猪圆环病毒2型诊断技术研究进展

猪圆环病毒2型(PCV2)是新发现的迄今为止最小的动物病毒,是猪断奶后多系统衰竭综合征(PMWS)的病原.PMWS给世界养猪业造成了巨大的经济损失.本文综述了猪圆环病毒2型的诊断技术,包括抗原和抗体的检测技术.     

魁北克省多日龄猪接种FLEX系列茵格发~猪圆环病毒疫苗预防猪圆环病毒相关疾病(PCVAD)的初步结果

<正>人们认为猪圆环病毒2型(PCV2)是发生断奶仔猪多系统衰竭综合征的一个必要因素。目前断奶仔猪多系统衰竭综合征在欧洲称作猪圆环病毒病(PCVD),在北美称作猪圆环病毒相关疾病(PC     

仔猪断奶后多系统衰竭综合征的防制

猪断奶后多系统衰竭综合征(PMWS)是由猪圆环病毒2型(PCV-2)感染所致的一种新的病毒性疾病。     

猪圆环病毒研究进展

猪圆环病毒（Porcine circovirus,PCV)是断奶猪多系统衰竭综合征（Postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome,PMWS)的病原。本文对其流行病学、理化特性、致病机理、诊断方法及分子生物学作了较为全面的综述。     

Porcine circovirus type 2 viremia and seroconversion in pigs from a farm affected by postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome

The aim of the study was to assess the usefulness of real-time PCR and serological methods as indicators of postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS) occurrence. Significantly higher level of porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) viral load in serum and significantly lower titre of specific antibodies in PMWS-affected pigs indicated that combination of quantitative PCR and serological methods may support diagnosis of PMWS.     

PCR detection of porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) DNA in blood, tonsillar and faecal swabs from experimentally infected pigs

PCV2 infection is now recognized as the major factor in the development of post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS). In this study we evaluated the use of PCR to detect the presence of PCV2 DNA in blood, faecal and tonsillar swabs collected from 12 pigs experimentally infected with PCV2 and sampled at selected time points post-infection. The PCR results were evaluated together with the presence of PMWS typical histopathological lesions and the presence of PCV2 antigen. PCV2 DNA was present in the blood of all 12 infected pigs at the end of the experiment and faecal and tonsillar swabs of 11 of the 12 pigs. The rate of PCR-positive serum and plasma samples was significantly higher in four pigs that showed virological and pathological evidence of PMWS, than in infected pigs without evidence of disease. In conclusion this study confirms that PCR cannot substitute for the traditional methods used for diagnosis of PMWS, however, PCR amplification of PCV2 DNA from serum or plasma could be a useful tool to support an early diagnosis of PMWS in live animals.     

Postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome: a review of aetiology, diagnosis and pathology

This review paper concentrates on the aetiology, diagnosis, and pathological aspects of postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS). PMWS was first recognized in Canada in 1996 as a new emerging disease which caused wasting in postweaned pigs. Since then, PMWS has been recognized in pigs in many countries. The syndrome is caused by a DNA virus referred to as porcine circovirus 2 (PCV2), which is classified in the family Circoviridae. PMWS primarily occurs in pigs between 25 and 120 days of age with the highest number of cases occurring between 60 and 80 days of age. The diagnosis of PMWS must meet three criteria: (i) the presence of compatible clinical signs, (ii) the presence of characteristic microscopic lesions, and (iii) the presence of PCV2 within these lesions. In order to establish the diagnosis, techniques are required that link virus and tissue lesions, such as immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization, but not polymerase chain reaction or virus isolation. The three criteria considered separately are not diagnostic of PMWS. For example, the detection of PCV2 alone does not indicate PMWS but merely PCV2 infection. A hallmark of microscopic lesions of PMWS is granulomatous inflammation in the lymph nodes, liver, spleen, tonsil, thymus, and Peyer's patches. Large, multiple, basophilic or amphophilic grape-like intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies are often seen in the cytoplasm of macrophages and multinucleated giant cells.     

Postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS) in pigs with particular emphasis on the causative agent, the mode of transmission, the diagnostic tools and the control measures. A review

Postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS) is a worldwide emerging disease of weaned piglets. The objective of this review is to summarize the current knowledge regarding PMWS, its causative agent, mode of transmission, diagnostic techniques to detect PCV-2, the possible control measures, and the association of PMWS and PCV-2 with porcine dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome (PDNS). The causative agent of PMWS is porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV-2), however, not all pigs infected with PCV-2 develop the syndrome. PCV-2 is consistently associated with PMWS and PMWS is considered not to occur without it. Both the syndrome and the virus are not regarded as new. Co-factors that could activate PCV-2 to cause PMWS are considered. This enigmatic nature of both the syndrome and the virus is triggering a concern towards uncertainties of the viral transmission, its introduction in to the herd, effective tools of diagnosis, and control strategies.     

Spatial and temporal patterns of pig herds diagnosed with Postweaning Multisystemic Wasting Syndrome (PMWS) during the first two years of its occurrence in Denmark

The clinical syndrome Postweaning Multisystemic Wasting Syndrome (PMWS) in pigs has emerged globally during the last decade. In October 2001, the first pig herd diagnosed with PMWS was reported in Denmark, and since then the number of herds diagnosed with PMWS has increased markedly. The etiology of PMWS is not well understood, but increased knowledge of the causal factors is prerequisite for applying preventive interventions. In this study we described the temporal (time of diagnosis), spatial (location of herds) and spatio-temporal pattern of Danish pig herds diagnosed with PMWS during the first two years after the first herd was diagnosed, and we tested for spatial and spatio-temporal clustering using scan statistics. The study population consisted of pig herds that during the study period (October 2001-September 2003) performed diagnostic submissions to the two major veterinary diagnostic laboratories in Denmark (6724 herds). Of these, 277 herds were diagnosed with PMWS. Two statistically significant spatial clusters of herds diagnosed with PMWS were identified. These clusters included 11% and 8% of the study herds, respectively. Within these two clusters the relative risk for a herd to be diagnosed with PMWS was twice as high as expected. One statistically significant spatio-temporal cluster was identified between February and May 2002. We discuss different hypotheses that could explain why pig herds diagnosed with PMWS were clustered both spatially and spatio-temporally, and conclude that the results support the hypothesis that PMWS is caused by introduction of a new, unidentified, pathogen into the Danish pig production.     

Recent advances in the epidemiology,diagnosis and control of diseases caused by porcine circovirus type 2

Post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS) emerged as a significant disease affecting pig production in the 1990s although the causal agent, porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2), and the disease itself, had existed in swine for many years prior to this. The important multifactorial ‘triggers’ of PMWS include the immune and infection status of the sow, the timing of PCV2 infection, variations in the virulence of PCV2, co-infections, immune modulation as well as host genetics and management factors. In terms of diagnosis, histopathological examination and the detection of PCV2 within lymphoid tissue remains the ‘gold standard’ as quantitative PCR techniques are currently not specific or sensitive enough. The recent commercial availability of PCV2 vaccines provides an excellent tool for reducing the impact of PMWS and other porcine circovirus-related diseases. This review assesses recent advances in the epidemiology, diagnosis and control of PMWS.     

断奶仔猪多系统衰竭综合征防控效果比较

摘要：为获得绿色、有效的断奶仔多系统衰竭综合征防控措施，通过免疫屠宰前60d左右的10头健康育肥猪制备猪圆环病毒2型高免血清，对疑似感染有猪圆环病毒2型的规模猪场母猪及仔猪从预防、紧急治疗两个方面探讨两种生物防控法的防控效果。结果表明，对母猪、断奶仔猪注射制备的猪圆环病毒2型血清抗体制剂并配合敏感抗菌素，其从出生到断奶后30d的存活率及紧急治疗的治愈率均最高，分别达97％和100％；使用猪圆环病毒2型疫苗其次，分别为86％和85％，空白组即仅仅采取加强饲养管理最低，存活率仅为55％。猪圆环病毒2型血清抗体结合使用敏感抗菌素是疑似感染猪圆环病毒2型的规模猪场最有效的生物防控手段。     

Profiles of seroconversion to porcine circovirus type 2 in herds affected and not affected by postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome

The aim of the present study was to explore the usefulness of serological methods in the diagnosis of postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS). The study was carried out in 4 PMWS-affected and 6 control farms. Based on the serological profiles, infection with porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) was determined to take place at 3-7 weeks of age in the PMWS-affected and at 3-11 weeks of age in the control farms. To compare the dynamics of seroconversion to PCV2 among farms, cross-sectional serological profiles were normalised in relation to the inferred age of infection. The results indicated that the proportion of seropositive pigs increased significantly slower in the affected herds. The most pronounced difference was observed about 4 weeks after infection, when the proportion of seropositive pigs ranged from 0 to 53.3% and from 70 to 100% in PMWS-affected and control herds, respectively. Mean antibody titres at that age were also significantly lower in the affected farms. These observations suggest a delay in the production of PCV2-specific antibodies and indicate that serological methods may be helpful in identifying herds with a high risk of PMWS.     

Postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS) in pigs in Croatia: detection and characterisation of porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2)

The objective of this study was to characterise porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) from pigs with naturally occurring postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS) in Croatia, and to determine the epizootiological, clinical and pathomorphological features of the disease. During a systematic health monitoring programme conducted in the period from January 2002 to June 2003, PMWS was suspected on eight different pig-producing farms in Croatia. The diagnosis of PMWS met all three key criteria: the presence of compatible clinical signs, the presence of the characteristic microscopic lymphoid lesions, and the detection of PCV2 within the lesions by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and by in situ hybridisation (ISH). Moreover, PCV2 DNA from swine tissues was extracted and sequenced. The phylogenetic analysis of 4 Croatian PCV2 strains showed close relationship to PCV2 strains isolated in Slovenia, France, the Netherlands, the United Kingdom, China and Hungary. PCV2 was also demonstrated by electron microscopy in the lymph node of an affected animal. This is the first demonstration of PMWS in Croatia based on all scientifically accepted diagnostic criteria.