黑曲霉产高酶活纤维素酶突变株ZM-8的筛选

对航空诱变的一株黑曲霉(Aspergillusniger)进行筛选,得到纤维素酶高产突变株ZM-8。以玉米秸秆粉为主要碳源,经固体发酵培养,测得其滤纸酶(FPA)酶活力为110.2U/g、纤维二糖水解酶(C1)酶活力为389.9U/g、葡聚糖内切酶(CMCase)酶活力为489.3U/g、β-葡葡糖苷酶(β-Glase)酶活力为1208.1U/g,比出发菌株各组分的酶活力分别高了2.1、3.5、1.7、1.8倍。经过5次继代固体发酵试验,证明该菌株具有较好的产酶稳定性,可作为以农作物秸秆为原料生产单细胞蛋白(SCP)饲料的优良菌株。     

热带假丝酵母SG-1产单细胞蛋白的发酵培养基优化

本试验以甜高粱秸秆汁为主要的发酵原料,应用二次正交旋转组合试验设计方法对热带假丝酵母SG-1产单细胞蛋白的发酵培养基进行优化。结果显示,热带假丝酵母SG-1产单细胞蛋白的较佳发酵培养基组成为:甜高粱秸秆汁220 mL/L、工业葡萄糖37.5 g/L、工业蛋白胨37.5 g/L、MgSO4.7H2O 3.75 g/L、KH2PO43.75 g/L。该优化条件下单细胞蛋白产量达15.38 g/L,比初始发酵培养基(甜高粱秸秆汁120 mL/L、工业葡萄糖20 g/L、工业蛋白胨20 g/L、MgSO4.7H2O 2.0 g/L、KH2PO42.0 g/L)单细胞蛋白产量(10.77 g/L)提高了42.80%。     

好食脉孢菌植酸酶的固态发酵条件优化

试验以玉米浆和麸皮为原料经好食脉孢菌固态发酵生产植酸酶,以植酸酶活力为指标,经单因素和正交试验对培养基和培养条件进行优化。结果显示:培养基由玉米浆(浓度25 g/L) 0.75 mL、麸皮8 g和蒸馏水21.25 mL组成,培养基初始pH值5.5、接种量10%(v/m)、28℃培养72 h条件下,植酸酶活力为79.49 U/g,较优化(26.24 U/g)前提高3.03倍。研究表明,通过优化有效提高好食脉孢霉发酵玉米浆和麸皮产植酸酶的产量。     

中性蛋白酶酶解猪肺制备蛋白肽的工艺条件研究

以猪肺为原料,研究中性蛋白酶酶解制备猪肺蛋白肽的条件。结果表明,采用中性蛋白酶进行猪肺酶解,底物浓度12%,温度45℃～48℃,酶解时间12h,酶量E/S=4000U/g为最适合反应条件,可获得小肽含量55%以上的猪肺蛋白肽产品。     

玉米皮固态培养混合益生菌的研究

本试验以玉米皮为主要原料,通过单因素试验和正交试验对黑曲霉与酿酒酵母的混合固态培养进行了研究。以蛋白酶、纤维素酶、活菌数为主要考察指标,优化得出的最佳培养条件为:尿素添加量0.5%(P0.05)、含水量60%、麸皮添加量15%(P0.05)、黑曲霉接种量20%、培养天数7 d;混菌培养接种比(黑曲霉∶酿酒酵母)为3∶1,混菌共培养1 d。在此条件下,纤维素酶的酶活为622.11 U/g,蛋白酶的酶活为606.55 U/g,每克发酵物含益生活菌总数超过百亿。     

利用乳杆菌发酵法制备柞蚕蛹皮甲壳质研究初报

利用乳杆菌发酵法制备柞蚕蛹皮甲壳质,以脱盐率及脱蛋白率为考核指标,通过单因素试验,优化了发酵条件,确定最优条件为：发酵温度32℃,发酵液中葡萄糖的浓度为10g/100mL,原料的添加量按5g/100mL的比例添加,接种量为8%,发酵周期为36h。此条件下脱盐率及脱蛋白率分别可达到70.92%和61.88%。     

固态发酵复合酶培养条件的优化及工艺研究

根据猪的消化生理特点和饲喂饲料,确定猪用复合酶以酸性蛋白酶、木聚糖酶为主,兼有纤维素酶,并采用单因素搜索试验对培养基组成、培养条件进行优化。试验确定的最佳培养基组成为:麸皮60g,纤维素粉40g,豆粕10g,(NH4)2SO42g,MgSO40.05g,K2HPO40.1g。最佳培养条件为:接种量w(曲种)=0.3%,每克原料含3×105个孢子,培养温度30～35℃和适宜的培养时间,在此条件下,所产酶活力分别为:纤维素酶8597U/g,木聚糖酶5054U/g,酸性蛋白酶861U/g。     

双酶法水解猪血球蛋白参数的优化

以猪血球蛋白为原料,利用中性蛋白酶与风味蛋白酶对血球蛋白进行水解.在单因素试验的基础上采用响应面分析法进行双酶复合水解条件进行优化,得出双酶水解的最适工艺条件参数为温度50℃.底物浓度12%,中性蛋白酶加量3820 U/g蛋白,风味蛋白酶加量43.5 LAPU/g蛋白,在未调节pH条件下酶解22.8 h,此时水解度可达37.81%(预测值38.03%).     

菌酶协同处理金枪鱼暗色肉制备饲用肽的研究

本试验以金枪鱼暗色肉为原料,主要研究了枯草芽孢杆菌和中性蛋白酶协同发酵制备饲用肽的最佳工艺条件。以饲用肽的小肽含量为指标,利用单因素试验和正交试验考察了发酵温度、发酵时间、接种量、加酶量等因素对饲用肽中小肽含量的影响。最佳菌酶协同工艺为:发酵温度37℃、发酵时间48 h、接种量2%(V/m)、加酶量200U/g。在此条件下,小肽含量从28.89 mg/g提高到了185.59 mg/g,氨基酸组成平衡,蛋白质相对分子质量主要分布在6.5~14.4 k D,大分子蛋白得到有效降解。     

发酵花生壳粉生产复合酶的初步研究

从实验室保藏的菌株中选取了一株能发酵花生壳粉产酸性蛋白酶的菌株黑曲霉HKS-07,并通过诱变得到高产菌株UV11,对培养基组成及培养条件进行了优化研究试验。结果表明,菌株UV11在m(麸皮):m(花生壳粉)为6:4、豆粕10%、(NH4)2SO42%、MgSO4·7H2O0.05%、K2HPO40.1%的培养基质上,加水比1:1.1,接种量为105~106个/g,置28～30℃下培养24～30h,产酶量为酸性蛋白酶1226U/g、纤维素酶7996U/g、木聚糖酶3192U/g、糖化酶1080U/g,热稳定性好,具有良好的应用前景。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

两种绿头鸭肌肉营养成分分析及评价

本试验旨在研究两种绿头鸭（白羽绿头鸭和绿头鸭）肌肉营养组成和价值,为绿头鸭肉产品的开发利用提供基础数据和理论依据。选择白羽绿头鸭和绿头鸭60只（每个品种各30只,公母各半）,依照国家标准测定胸肌粗蛋白质、粗脂肪、胆固醇含量及氨基酸、脂肪酸、微量元素和维生素的组成和含量,并对胸肌进行氨基酸评价及脂肪酸营养价值评价。结果显示,白羽绿头鸭肌肉粗蛋白质含量显著低于绿头鸭（P<0.05）;两种绿头鸭肌肉中均检测到17种含量大于0.01%的氨基酸,其中白羽绿头鸭肌肉苏氨酸、组氨酸、丝氨酸和脯氨酸含量显著高于绿头鸭（P<0.05）,赖氨酸、谷氨酸和精氨酸含量显著低于绿头鸭（P<0.05）;检测到13种含量均大于0.01%的脂肪酸,其中白羽绿头鸭硬脂酸和油酸含量显著低于绿头鸭（P<0.05）;检测到9种矿物质元素（钠、镁、钾、钙、锰、铁、铜、锌和硒）,两种绿头鸭差异不显著（P>0.05）;检测到8种维生素,白羽绿头鸭肌肉维生素B₁含量显著高于绿头鸭（P<0.05）,维生素D和维生素E含量显著低于绿头鸭（P<0.05）。两种绿头鸭肌肉氨基酸比例接近世卫组织推荐的理想模式,富含人体所需的矿物质元素和维生素,具有广阔的开发利用前景。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

Comparison of four techniques of arthrocentesis of the lateral compartment of the femorotibial joint of the horse

Reasons for performing study: Clinical experiences indicate that centesis of the lateral compartment of the femorotibial joint is often unsuccessful. Objective: To determine the accuracy of 2 published and 2 unpublished techniques of centesis of the lateral compartment of the femorotibial joint. Hypothesis: It was hypothesised that a drug can be administered into the lateral compartment of the femorotibial joint via a diverticulum of this joint that surrounds the medial aspect of the long digital extensor tendon and that this technique is more accurate than described techniques of centesis of this compartment. Methods: Twenty‐four stifles of 12 horses were divided equally into 4 groups and a radiocontrast medium injected into the lateral compartment of the femorotibial joint of each group using a hypodermic needle inserted: 1) caudal to the lateral patellar ligament and proximal to the tibial plateau, 2) caudal to the long digital extensor tendon and proximal to the tibial plateau, 3) between the long digital extensor tendon and bone of the extensor groove of the tibia or 4) directly through the long digital extensor tendon until it contacted bone. Twelve veterinary students who had no experience using any of these techniques performed the injections. Accuracy of each technique was determined by examining radiographs obtained after injecting the contrast medium. Results: The most successful technique for arthrocentesis was by inserting a needle through the long digital extensor tendon. This approach was successful in all attempted cases, whilst other techniques had lower rates of success. Conclusions: The lateral compartment of the femorotibial joint can be accessed accurately by inserting a needle through the long digital extensor tendon as it lies within the extensor groove. Other techniques may not be as accurate for clinicians inexperienced in arthrocentesis of the lateral compartment of the femorotibial joint.     

Prevalence of diseases of the spinal cord of cats

A retrospective review of records of 205 cats with histologically confirmed disease of the spinal cord was performed to identify the prevalence of disease in this nonrandomly selected population of cats. Clinical records were reviewed, and age, duration of neurologic illness, and clinical and histopathologic findings in cats with spinal cord disease were abstracted. Disease processes were classified into 7 categories and 23 groups. The most common diseases affecting the spinal cord of cats were feline infectious peritonitis (FIP), lymphosarcoma (LSA), and neoplasia of the vertebral column secondarily affecting the spinal cord. Information on age, onset and duration of clinical signs, and lesion localization at the postmortem examination in cats belonging to the 7 categories of disease were analyzed to create a practical list of differential diagnoses. Cats were also subcategorized into 3 groups based on their age at death. FIP was the most common disease of cats younger than 2 years of age. LSA and vertebral column neoplasia were the most common diseases affecting cats between 2 and 8 years of age. Vertebral column neoplasia was the most common disease affecting cats older than 8 years of age. Results of this histopathologic study showed that FIP and LSA were the most common disease processes affecting the spinal cord of cats. However, at least 21 other groups of diseases and their relative prevalence were identified.     

比格犬甲状腺显微与超微结构的观察

应用光镜和透射电镜技术，观察了3～6月龄比格犬甲状腺的显微和超微结构。结果表明，比格犬甲状腺实质由滤泡和滤泡旁细胞构成。滤泡呈圆形或椭圆形，直径20．22～220．00μm，平均90.80μm；由单层立方上皮细胞围成，细胞高度3．04～7.11μm，平均5.18μm，电镜下可见功能状态不同的两型滤泡上皮细胞；滤泡旁细胞很多，直径4．40～8．82μm，平均6．23μm，位于滤泡之间或镶嵌于滤泡上皮细胞之间，也可聚集在一起形成滤泡样结构，胞质内含有大量的分泌颗粒，电镜下也可见两种类型的滤泡旁细胞。     

高效液相色谱法测定鸡肉中土霉素残留量的不确定度评定

根据JJF1059-1999《测量不确定度评定与表示》建立了高效液相色谱法测定鸡肉中土霉素残留测量的不确定度评定方法,评定过程包括建立测量程序、分析不确定度来源、对不确定度分量进行量化。将不确定度归类为两大类。随机效应导致的不确定度可以通过一系列具有统计意义的重复观测值进行A类评定;系统效应导致的不确定度通过各测量器具、设备的说明书、校准证书提供的参数进行B类评定。本方法鸡肉中土霉素残留量的相对合成标准不确定度约为3.9%。