鸡球虫石河子株对4种药物的抗药性试验

将 1 2 0只 1 3日龄罗曼公雏随机均分为 6组 ,按组分别投服通扬独霸 (40 0mg/kg)、三九球痢灵 (1g/kg)、海南霉素 (5mg/kg)和盐霉素(60mg/kg) 4种抗球虫药物 ,并设立不给药不感染、不给药感染对照组。给药后第 3天 ,除不给药不感染对照组外 ,其余各组试验鸡每只分别接种柔嫩艾美尔球虫 (E tenella) 孢子化卵囊 1× 1 0 5个。根据各组鸡的存活率、相对增重率、盲肠病变计分、血便计分和抗球虫指数对 4种药物进行药物疗效判定。结果表明 :通扬独霸组、三九球痢灵组、海南霉素组和盐霉素组的抗球虫指数 (ACI)分别为 1 88 2 5、1 4 9 64、 1 89 1 4和 1 4 7 72 ;4组最适抗球虫活性百分率 (POAA)分别为 71 0 1、 59 42、 85 50和 62 31。通扬独霸和海南霉素抗球虫疗效显著。     

复方磺胺氯吡嗪钠溶液对人工诱发鸡球虫病的疗效试验

为评价复方磺胺氯吡嗪钠溶液防治鸡球虫病的疗效,将200只15日龄健康黄羽肉鸡随机分成10组,其中受试药物分别设300mg/L、150mg/L和75mg/L三个剂量组,磺胺氯吡嗪钠可溶性粉为对照药物。受试药和对照药各剂量组均同时设连用3d或5d的给药方案。结果显示,复方磺胺氯吡嗪钠溶液按300mg/L浓度连用3d或5d的抗球虫指数分别达181.3和193.3,按150mg/L浓度连用5d的抗球虫指数为183.1。以上3种给药方案的抗球虫指数均大于180,具有高效抗球虫作用,且均好于磺胺氯吡嗪钠可溶性粉对照药物组(169.6;149.9);按150mg/L浓度连用3d或按75mg/L浓度连用5d的抗球虫指数分别为164.4和175.4,也均好于磺胺氯吡嗪钠可溶性粉,但受试药物按75mg/L的剂量混饮给药连用3d的抗球虫指数仅为135.5,属低效抗球虫药。建议复方磺胺氯吡嗪钠溶液的临床推荐用量为每升水中加本品1.0~2.0mL(相当于150～300mg/L),连续饮用3~5d。     

广谱抗球虫药物--妥曲株利

妥曲株利（Toluazuril)又称甲苯三嗪酮、托三嗪、玎球清，属三嗪酮化合物，化学名为1-甲基-3-[3-甲基-4-(4-三氟甲基硫代)苯氧基]-1，3，5，-三嗪-2，4，6。(1H，3H，5H)-三酮。妥曲株利具有广谱抗球虫活性，主要用于家禽、兔、羔羊、仔猪等动物的球虫病，近年在国外己广泛应用。在我国市场上，目前主要有预混剂和饮水剂。     

纳川珠利溶液剂对鸡球虫病的药效学研究

对两种不同配方的0.3%纳川珠利溶液剂,分别以6、3、1mg/L三种剂量饮水预防人工感染的鸡柔嫩艾美耳球虫,并用地克珠利预混剂以1mg/kg剂量作为对照。结果显示,0.3%纳川珠利溶液剂的两种配方以上述3种剂量饮水预防鸡球虫病,具有良好的抗球虫效果,抗球虫指数在180以上,属高效范围。表明0.3%纳川珠利溶液剂是纳川珠利的一种高效预防鸡球虫病的良好剂型。     

阿德呋啉对人工感染鸡球虫病的疗效实验

阿德呋啉属核苷酸类化合物,通过干扰球虫嘌呤代谢而发挥抗球虫作用。为评价其抗球虫效果,将该药以30、60和90mg/kg浓度添加于饲料中治疗人工感染鸡球虫病,以磺胺喹噁啉500mg/kg浓度拌料给药作为对照。结果表明,阿德呋啉高剂量组(90mg/kg)具有良好的抗球虫效果,其抗球虫指数为183.2,而其中、低剂量组(30、60mg/kg)与磺胺喹噁啉则疗效很差,抗球虫指数均在120以下。故推荐阿德呋啉治疗剂量为90mg/kg。     

复方地克珠利可溶性粉剂抗鸡球虫病效果试验

分别以0.5、1.0和1.5mg/L复方地克珠利可溶性粉(以地克珠利有效成分计)饮水,预防鸡柔嫩艾美耳球虫人工感染。并用地克珠利可溶性粉(1.0mg/L)饮水、地克珠利(1.0mg/kg)混饲和硫酸新霉素(50.0mg/L,以效价计)饮水为对照。结果发现,复方地克珠利可溶性粉3种浓度饮水均能有效预防鸡柔嫩艾美耳球虫人工感染,抗球虫指数均在176.46以上,优于地克珠利混饲给药组。     

动物用抗球虫新药——妥曲珠利

<正> 1.理化性质妥曲珠利的化学名为1-甲基-3-[3-甲基-4-(4-三氟甲基硫代)苯氧基]苯基-1,3,5-三嗪-2,4,6(1H,3H, 5H)-三酮,简称为甲苯三嗪酮,属于三嗪酮类衍生物,分子式为C_(18)H_(14)F_3N_3O_4S,分子量为425.4,熔点为194℃。不溶于水,溶于聚乙二醇、丙三醇等有机溶剂。2.杀虫活性及作用机理妥曲珠利可有效杀灭包括球虫在内的多种原虫。其中对柔嫩、堆型、毒害、布氏、巨型、和缓等6种最主要的艾美耳球虫都有高效。抗球虫指数均超过180,属高效抗球虫药物。妥曲珠利可在球虫正常发育阶段诱导虫体细胞内质网和高尔基体     

抗鸡球虫病的三嗪类新化合物纳川珠利的药效试验

采用抗鸡柔嫩艾美尔球虫实验室笼养试验模型,对新合成的三嗪化合物纳川珠利进行了2批次的抗球虫活性试验。结果显示,纳川珠利添加剂量5、10和30 mg/kg时,抗球虫指数均大于180。添加剂量1和3 mg/kg时,见有少量血便和盲肠病变,抗球虫活性介于中效和高效之间。表明纳川珠利是一种高效安全的新型三嗪类抗球虫化合物,推荐使用剂量以3~5 mg/kg为宜,有望开发成为一种新的抗球虫药物。     

鸡柔嫩艾美耳球虫对托曲珠利的耐药性检测

为研究鸡柔嫩艾美耳球虫对不同剂量托曲珠利的耐药性,从张家口地区规模化养鸡场采集未使用过抗寄生虫药物鸡只的粪便并进行球虫卵囊分离和复壮。试验设5个感染用药组（Ⅰ组,25 mg/L剂量;Ⅱ组,50 mg/L剂量;Ⅲ组,75 mg/L剂量;Ⅳ组,100 mg/L剂量;Ⅴ组,125 mg/L剂量）和2个对照组（Ⅵ组,感染不用药组;Ⅶ组,不感染不用药组）,Ⅰ～Ⅴ组采用托曲珠利饮水给药方式,Ⅵ组和Ⅶ组的鸡正常饲喂日粮,Ⅰ～Ⅵ组进行球虫感染,检测耐药虫株。结果显示,25 mg/L剂量组和50 mg/L剂量组的托曲珠利产生耐药,75 mg/L剂量组、100 mg/L剂量组和125 mg/L剂量组的托曲珠利不耐药。结果表明,张家口地区鸡柔嫩艾美耳球虫耐托曲珠利的浓度为50 mg/L,为张家口地区鸡球虫病的防治提供了参考。     

地克珠利混悬液对鸡球虫病的疗效观察

对20 g/L地克珠利混悬液,以4、2、1 mg/kg 3种浓度饮水预防鸡艾美耳球虫人工感染,并用地克珠利溶液以2 mg/kg浓度饮水作对照.结果表明,20 g/L地克珠利混悬液以4、2、1 mg/kg 3种浓度饮水预防鸡球虫病,具有良好的效果,抗球虫指数均在180以上,效果优于地克珠利溶液以2 mg/kg饮水.田间试验有效率81.8%,治愈率71%,证实20 g/L地克珠利混悬液是地克珠利又一种高效预防鸡球虫病新剂型.     

复方马杜霉素防治鸡球虫病的试验观察

用马杜霉素与氯苯胍配合制成复方制剂对人工诱发鸡球虫病进行了药效研究。结果表明复方制剂中剂量组（马杜２．５５ｍｇ／ｋｇ＋氯苯胍３３ｍｇ／ｋｇ）的抗球虫指数（ＡＣＩ）、卵囊值、病变值、血便计分、相对增重率（％）分别为１９５．５１，０，１，０，９６．５１。显著优于其他各试验组，是本试验中临床效果最好的抗球虫药     

Efficacy of toltrazuril in the prevention of coccidiosis in naturally infected lambs on pasture

The efficacy of toltrazuril (Bay Vi 9142) in preventing ovine coccidiosis due to an infection acquired immediately after turnout on pasture was evaluated by comparing the faecal consistency, weight gain, and oocyst output of treated and untreated lambs in 3 trials. The lambs were either given a single treatment with toltrazuril at 15 or 20 mg/kg, or they were given a dose of 10 mg/kg on 2 separate days. A single treatment with toltrazuril at 20 mg/kg on day 10 after turnout on pasture almost completely prevented coccidiosis in 2 trials. In a third trial the acute phase of a severe Nematodirus battus infection coincided with the outbreak of coccidiosis, and thus partly masked the clinical effect of the anticoccidial treatment. In lambs treated with toltrazuril at 15 mg/kg on day 10 after turnout, the coccidial infection caused a softening of the faeces, but the lambs were not severely affected by the coccidia. In lambs given a dose of 10 mg/kg of toltrazuril twice, either on days 10 and 11 after turnout, or on days 10 and 20, the coccidial infection caused a softening af the faeces, including some cases of diarrhoea. Oocyst production due to the initial coccidial infection on pasture was markedly reduced by all treatments with toltrazuril. The reduction was most pronounced after a dose of 20 mg/kg. Lambs treated with single doses of 15 or 20 mg/kg of toltrazuril had a better weight gain than the untreated controls in 2 of the trials. Lambs treated with toltrazuril on day 10 after turnout were partially resistant to the coccidial reinfection acquired immediately after treatment, and they had a similar level of immunity as the untreated controls to the subsequent reinfection on pasture.     

Coccidiosis control with toltrazuril in conjunction with anticoccidial medicated or nonmedicated feed

A 42-day broiler floor pen study was conducted comparing the anticoccidial efficacy of toltrazuril (Baycox) as a stand alone treatment and as an additional treatment to in-feed anticoccidial programs. Toltrazuril was administered on days 18 and 19 in the drinking water at 7 mg/kg of body weight. The treatments were 125 ppm nicarbazin (days 0-14) to 66 ppm salinomycin (SAL) (days 15-35) with and without toltrazuril, SAL (days 0-35) with and without toltrazuril, nonmedicated (NM) to SAL with toltrazuril, and NM with and without toltrazuril. The controls were NM noninfected and infected. The treatments were replicated in five blocks of eight pens each in a randomized complete block design. All withdrawal feed was nonmedicated. On day 14, birds, except noninfected, were exposed to coccidial oocysts (Eimeria acervulina, Eimeria maxima, and Eimeria tenella) seeded litter. On days 21, 28, 35, and 42, birds and feed were weighed, four birds per pen were coccidial lesion scored, and litter oocyst counts were performed. The coccidial infection in the NM infected treatment caused a significant (P < 0.05) coccidiosis infection. Coccidiosis was moderately controlled in the anticoccidial treatment birds without toltrazuril. Performance in the NM with toltrazuril was equal to or better (P < 0.05) than the anticoccidial programs without toltrazuril. Toltrazuril was equal to the noninfected birds in performance. Toltrazuril most completely eliminated all coccidial lesions and dramatically reduced oocyst shedding. The performance data, lesion scores, and oocyst counts showed that a 2-day treatment with toltrazuril successfully controlled the coccidiosis with no relapse of infection. Toltrazuril can thus be used for supplemental control with in-feed anticoccidials or as a primary anticoccidial with nonmedicated feed.     

柔嫩艾美耳球虫扬州分离株对8种抗球虫药的抗药性

将柔嫩艾美耳球虫(Eimeria tenella)扬州分离株感染14日龄苏禽黄羽肉鸡,设立8个用药组、1个感染不用药对照组和1个不感染不用药对照组,以相对卵囊产量、病变记分减少率、最适抗球虫百分数和抗球虫指数为指标对该虫株对盐霉素、马杜拉霉素、球痢灵、氯羟吡啶、氨丙啉、尼卡巴嗪、甲基三嗪酮、地克珠利等8种常用抗球虫药的抗药性进行了综合评定,分析了该地区球虫的抗药性及对策。结果表明,该虫株对甲基三嗪酮敏感,对氨丙啉具有中度抗药性,对盐霉素、马杜拉霉素、球痢灵、氯羟吡啶、尼卡巴嗪、地克珠利等其他6种药物具有完全抗药性。提示目前在扬州地区甲基三嗪酮抗球虫疗效最好,氨丙琳效果稍差,应合理使用,盐霉素等其他6种药物应慎用、减少或暂停使用。     

堆型艾美耳球虫早熟株对常用抗球虫药的敏感性测定

The study was aimed to explore the sensitivity of Eimeria acervulina （E.acervulina） precocious strain to some common anticoccidials (diclazuril, toltrazuril, sulfamonomethoxine, dinitolmide, decoquinate, nicarbazin, maduramicin, salinomycin and oxytetracycline). The sensitivity of E.acervulina precocious strain to 9 kinds anticoccidials was assessed by using 4 indices: anticoccidial activity percentage (POAA), reduction of lesion scores (RLS), relative oocyst production (ROP) and anticoccidial index (ACI). The results of these sensitivity trials indicated that the four indices POAA, RLS, ROP and ACI of groups toltrazuril, sulfamonomethoxine, dinitolmide, decoquinate, nicarbazin, salinomycin and oxytetracycline were all negative; the ROP index of diclazuril group was positive, the other three indices were negative. The ROP and ACI indices of maduramicin group were positive, the other two indices were negative. The results showed that the Eimeria acervulina precocious strain was sensitive to diclazuril, toltrazuril, sulfamonomethoxine, dinitolmide, decoquinate, nicarbazin, salinomycin and oxytetracycline, it was partly sensitive to maduramicin.     

Efficacy of some anticoccidial drugs for treating coccidial enteritis of the common carp caused by Goussia carpelli (Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae)

In this study, nine anticoccidial drugs commonly used in poultry were tested for efficacy for the prevention and treatment of Goussia carpelli (Apicomplexa) infection in common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.). To establish experimental infection with G. carpelli, paratenic host oligochaetes of the genera Tubifex and Limnodrilus were infected with oocysts, and laboratory-cultured parasite-free common carp fingerlings were infected by feeding to them oligochaetes containing sporozoites. The anticoccidial drugs (amprolium, narasin, maduramicin, salinomycin Na, lasalocid Na, diclazuril, robenidine HCl, monensin Na and toltrazuril), mixed in the food of the fish in a dose of 200 mg/kg, were fed for 12 days. Common carp fingerlings fed diclazuril, lasalocid, robenidine HCl or maduramicin and killed on day 14 after exposure were free from infection, while other groups treated with amprolium, toltrazuril, monensin Na, narasin or salinomycin Na harboured oocysts in the mucus and epithelium of the gut.     

柔嫩艾美耳球虫盐霉素耐药株的实验室诱导

为了研究耐药性柔嫩艾美耳球虫产生耐药性的机理,本研究在实验室条件下,采用药物浓度递增的方法,以15 mg/kg为起始诱导浓度,对柔嫩艾美耳球虫盐霉素耐药性进行诱导。经过10次传代,获得了对60 mg/kg盐霉素耐药的柔嫩艾美耳球虫虫株。以抗球虫指数、最适抗球虫活性百分率、病变记分减少率和相对卵囊产量四项指标综合判定柔嫩艾美耳球虫对盐霉素的耐药性。其中抗球虫指数为156.92,最适抗球虫活性百分率为32.38,病变记分减少率为53.85,相对卵囊产量为28.17。结果显示,成功获得了柔嫩艾美耳球虫对盐霉素完全耐药的虫株,为进一步从分子水平研究球虫抗药性奠定基础。     

三种抗球虫药对鸡球虫病的对比疗效

为评价药物阿德呋啉对艾美耳球虫的治疗效果,本试验设70 mg/kg阿德呋啉组、121mg/kg莫能菌素组和125 mg/kg尼卡巴嗪组3个药物试验组,以及阳性和阴性对照组。除阴性对照组外,其余全部试验鸡每只接种球虫孢子化卵囊5.2万个,根据成活率、相对增重率、卵囊值、病变值计算抗球虫指数(Anticoccidial Index,ACI),进而判定药物的疗效。结果显示,121 mg/kg莫能菌素组ACI为115.6,在120以下,不宜作抗球虫药;125 mg/kg尼卡巴嗪组ACI为137.2,在120～160之间,抗球虫效力低;70 mg/kg阿德呋啉组ACI为192.9,为高效抗球虫药。     

常山散效力试验用虫株的敏感性

为进一步验证常山散的抗球虫效果以及效力试验用虫株的敏感性,在百球清为对照的基础上,对效力试验用虫株再次以三字球虫粉为对照进行试验。试验分为常山散组、三字球虫粉组、攻虫不给药组和不攻虫不给药组,分别从攻虫后24 h(球虫入侵)和72 h(裂殖发育)开始给药,攻虫后168 h停止给药,观察药物对鸡临床症状、血便排出、盲肠病变的影响,计算抗球虫指数。结果显示,常山散和三字球虫粉给药后鸡精神状态和饮食欲基本恢复正常,血便排出和盲肠病变明显减轻或消失。攻虫后24,72 h给药常山散的抗球虫指数分别为163.04和161.67,三字球虫粉的抗球虫指数分别为174.26和170.71,均明显高于攻虫不给药组(84.78和81.13);2种药物攻虫后24 h给药抗球虫指数高于攻虫后72 h给药。结果表明,常山散具有较好的抗球虫效果,早期给药治疗效果更好,试验所用的柔嫩艾美耳球虫(广东株)药物敏感性较好。