Dietary arginine silicate inositol complex during the late laying period of quail at different environmental temperatures

Arginine silicate inositol complex (ASIdagger; arginine 49.5%, silicon 8.2%, inositol 25%) is a novel material which is a bioavailable source of silicon and arginine. ASI offers potential benefits for vascular and bone health. Poor eggshell quality has been a major economic concern to commercial egg producers. Poor egg quality, skeletal abnormalities and architectural deterioration of bone tissue are common problems under hot conditions and in older birds. The effects of ASI supplementation on egg production, egg quality, levels of osteocalcin (OC) and bone mineral content were investigated in heat-stressed Japanese quail during the later part of the laying period. The birds were randomly assigned to six treatment groups consisting of six replicates of five birds each in a 2 x 3 factorial arrangement of treatments (temperatures, ASI levels). The birds were kept in wire cages in a temperature-controlled room at either 22 degrees C (TN) or 34 degrees C (HS) for 8 h/d and fed either a basal (control) diet or the basal diet supplemented with either 500 or 1000 g of ASI/kg. Heat exposure reduced egg production, egg quality and bone mineralisation when the basal diet was fed. ASI supplementation had no effect on feed intake or egg production under TN or HS conditions. However, ASI supplementation increased egg weight, shell thickness, shell weight and Haugh unit in both TN and HS groups during the late laying period. Bone mineral density (BMD) was significantly improved by ASI supplementation in both TN and HS groups. Serum osteocalcin (OC) concentrations and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity increased linearly with dietary ASI supplementation during the late laying period. The amount of calcium and phosphorus in the excreta decreased, while ash, mineral content, calcium and phosphorus concentrations in tibia increased in ASI-supplemented quail in both TN and HS groups during the late laying period. ASI supplementation significantly improved egg quality and bone mineralisation in quail during the late laying period and did not affect feed consumption or egg production.     

Vitamin E supplementation can alleviate negative effects of heat stress on egg production,egg quality,digestibility of nutrients and egg yolk mineral concentrations of Japanese quails

The aim of this study was to determine if the negative effects of high ambient temperature (34 degrees C) on egg production, egg quality, digestibility of nutrients, and mineral content of egg yolk could be alleviated by dietary vitamin E (dl-alpha-tocopheryl acetate) supplementation in laying Japanese quails (Coturnix coturnix japanica). Japanese quails (n=240; 7-week-old) were divided into eight groups, 30 birds per group. The quails were fed either a basal diet or the basal diet supplemented with either 125, 250 or 500 mg of dl-alpha-tocopheryl acetate/kg of diet. Birds were kept at 22 degrees C and 55% relative humidity (RH). At 14 weeks of age, the thermo-neutral (TN) group remained in the same temperature as at the beginning of the experiment, whereas the heat stress (HS) group was kept at an environment-controlled room at 34 degrees C and 44% RH for 3 weeks. Heat exposure decreased performance when basal diet was fed (P=0.001). With 250 and 500 mg/kg of diet, an increase in body weight (P=0.01), feed intake (P=0.01), egg production (P=0.001), and improvement in feed efficiency (P=0.01) was found with vitamin E supplementation in quails reared under heat stress conditions (HS). Similarly, egg weight (P=0.01), egg specific gravity (P=0.01), egg shell thickness (P=0.05) and Haugh unit (P=0.01) were positively influenced by vitamin E supplementation. Heat exposure decreased digestibility of dry matter (DM) (P=0.03), organic matter (OM) (P=0.05), crude protein (CP) (P=0.02), ether extract (EE) (P=0.05) and were elevated by supplemental vitamin E (P相似文献   

Chromium picolinate, rather than biotin, alleviates performance and metabolic parameters in heat-stressed quail

1. The effects of chromium picolinate and biotin supplementation alone and in combination on performance, carcase characteristics, malondialdehyde (MDA), vitamin C, vitamin E, glucose and cholesterol levels were evaluated in Japanese quail exposed to high ambient temperature. 2. Two hundred and forty quails (10d old) were assigned randomly to 4 dietary treatments at room temperature (22 degrees C; thermoneutral, TN) or ambient (34 degrees C for 8 h/d; heat stress, HS). Both TN and HS were fed either on a basal (control) diet or the basal diet supplemented with 400 microg of Cr/kg (Cr group), 0.5 mg of biotin/kg of diet (biotin group) or both (Cr + Biotin group). 3. Supplementing the diet of heat-stressed quails with chromium picolinate improved live weight gain, feed intake, feed efficiency and carcase traits. Biotin supplementation during TN and HS conditions did not have any beneficial effects on body weight gain, feed intake, feed efficiency or carcase traits. 4. Either in combination or alone, chromium picolinate increased serum concentrations of vitamins C and E, but decreased MDA, glucose and cholesterol concentrations in birds kept at high ambient temperature. There was no difference in vitamins C and E and MDA concentrations between birds given chromium picolinate and birds receiving chromium picolinate plus biotin, while glucose and cholesterol levels were significantly lower in all groups. The lowest concentrations of cholesterol and glucose were found in the combination group under both TN and HS conditions. An interaction between diet and temperature was detected for glucose and cholesterol concentrations. 5. Excretion rates for zinc, iron and chromium were lower in TN groups than in the corresponding HS groups. Supplementing diet with chromium picolinate and chromium picolinate plus biotin decreased excretion of minerals while biotin alone did not effect excretion of minerals. 6. Chromium supplementation, but not biotin supplementation, attenuated the decline in performance and antioxidant status resulting from heat stress.     

日粮添加甜菜碱对夏季高温蛋鸡生产性能、蛋品质及血液理化特征的影响

本研究旨在评估夏季高温时日粮添加甜菜碱对蛋鸡生产性能、蛋品质及骨骼和血液理化特性的影响.试验将480只产蛋性能一致的罗曼粉壳蛋鸡随机分为2组,每组240只,每组10个重复(24只/重复).对照组饲喂基础试验日粮,处理组蛋鸡饲喂基础试验日粮+150?mg/kg甜菜碱,试验为期8周.结果:日粮添加150?mg/kg甜菜碱对...     

In vivo antioxidant properties of vitamin E and chromium in cold-stressed Japanese quails.

An experiment was conducted to determine if vitamin E (alpha-tocopherol-acetate) and chromium (chromium picolinate, Cr Pic) supplementation attenuate the negative effects of cold stress on egg production, egg quality, serum metabolites, and antioxidant status in Japanese quails (Corurnix coturnix japonica). One hundred and fifty laying Japanese quails (50-day-old) were divided into five groups, 30 birds per group. The laying quails kept at 6 degrees C for 12 h/d (08.00 p.m. to 08.00 a.m.) were fed either a basal diet (low temperature-basal diet, CS group) or the basal diet supplemented with either 400 microg of Cr/kg of diet (Cr group), 250 mg of alpha-tocopherol-acetate per kg of diet (Vit. E group) or 400 microg of Cr plus 250 mg of alpha-tocopherol-acetate per kg of diet (Vit. E + Cr group) while quails kept at 18 degrees C were fed a basal diet (thermo-neutral-basal diet, TN group). Performance and egg quality were significantly reduced in CS group compared with TN group. Supplemental chromium and vitamin E significantly increased live weight change, egg production, and improved feed efficiency in cold-stressed laying hens compared with the group fed the basal diet at 6 degrees C. Egg production and egg weight were also greater (P < 0.05) in each supplemental group compared with the CS group. However, a combination of vitamin E and chromium, rather than each separately, provided the greatest performance. Supplemental vitamin E and chromium also increased serum vitamin C and E but, decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations (P < 0.05); the combination of vitamin E and chromium resulted in the highest levels of serum vitamin C and E within the cold-stressed quails. Results of the present study indicate that combined antioxidant supplements increased performance, egg quality and serum antioxidant levels while lowering MDA in cold-stressed quails.     

乳酸锌对蛋鸡生产性能及蛋壳质量的影响

本试验旨在研究乳酸锌对蛋鸡生产性能及蛋壳质量的影响。试验采用单因子随机分组试验设计,选取1600只360日龄的罗曼粉壳蛋鸡,随机分到4个处理组,各处理组8个重复,每个重复50只鸡。基础饲粮采用为玉米－豆粕型粉状饲粮,处理1饲喂基础饲粮＋60mg／kg－水硫酸锌（以锌计）,处理2饲喂基础饲粮＋60mg／kg乳酸锌（以锌计）,处理3饲喂基础饲粮＋40mg／kg乳酸锌（以锌计）,处理4饲喂基础饲粮＋60mg／kg锌（－水硫酸锌和乳酸锌提供的锌各一半）。试验结果表明,在产蛋鸡饲粮中100％以乳酸锌替代硫酸锌（提供的锌含量为60mg／kg）,能显著降低平均破蛋率,提高平均蛋壳强度和平均蛋壳厚度（P〈0．05）,死亡率最低,对蛋鸡的平均产蛋率、平均蛋重、平均日采食量和平均料蛋比无显著影响（P〉0．05）。     

乳酸锌对蛋鸡生产性能及蛋壳质量的影响试验

本试验旨在研究乳酸锌对蛋鸡生产性能及蛋壳质量的影响。试验采用单因子随机分组试验设计,选取1600只360日龄的罗曼粉壳蛋鸡,随机分到4个处理组,各处理组8个重复,每个重复50只鸡。基础饲粮采用为玉米-豆粕型粉状饲粮,处理1饲喂基础饲粮＋60mg／kg-水硫酸锌（以锌计）;处理2饲喂基础饲粮＋60mg／kg乳酸锌（以锌计...     

维生素E对蛋鸡产蛋后期产蛋性能和蛋品质的影响

文章旨在研究日粮中不同梯度维生素E添加水平对蛋鸡产蛋后期产蛋性能和蛋品质的影响。试验选择60周龄罗曼白壳商品蛋鸡300羽,试验随机分为5组,添加水平分别为0(对照组),30、60、120、240 mg/kg,每组6个重复,每个重复10羽鸡,预试期1周,正试期8周。结果表明:与对照组相比,蛋鸡产蛋后期日粮中添加120 mg/kg的维生素E可显著提高蛋鸡产蛋后期产蛋性能(P<0.05);与对照组相比,蛋鸡产蛋后期日粮中添加120 mg/kg的维生素E可显著提高蛋壳硬度、蛋壳相对重、蛋黄相对重以及蛋黄颜色(P<0.05),蛋黄总胆固醇含量极显著降低(P<0.01)。综上所述,在蛋鸡产蛋后期日粮中添加120 mg/kg的维生素E可显著改善其产蛋性能和蛋品质。     

日粮添加虾青素和维生素B2对鸡蛋品质的影响

试验旨在探究虾青素和维生素B2在日粮中的添加量对鸡蛋品质的影响。选择1200只体重相近、健康的45周龄海兰褐蛋鸡,随机分成5组,每组4个重复,每个重复60只鸡。对照组蛋鸡饲喂基础日粮,试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组蛋鸡饲喂固定比例的基础日粮和0.25%虾青素,混合不同含量的维生素B2(5.0、8.0、11.0、14.0 mg/kg)。预试期1周和正式试验期4周,预试期各组蛋鸡均饲喂基础日粮,正式试验期分别投放上面试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组的配比的饲料。结果表明,试验组蛋黄颜色、哈夫单位均显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。试验Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组鸡蛋粗脂肪含量显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。试验组鸡蛋平均蛋重、蛋壳厚度、蛋壳强度、蛋比重与对照组相比有增大的趋势。试验表明,日粮添加虾青素和维生素B2能提高蛋品质,添加0.25%虾青素和14.0 mg/kg维生素B2效果最好。     

饲粮中添加α-亚麻酸对产蛋鸡脂质利用及蛋壳质量的影响

采用单因素试验设计,研究在日粮中添加0(对照组)、0.5%、1.0%、2.0%、3.0%和4.0%的α-亚麻酸(ALA),对海兰褐商品蛋鸡的蛋壳质量和脂质利用的影响。试验期28d。结果表明:添加α-亚麻酸,与对照组相比,各周鸡蛋蛋壳重、蛋壳强度和蛋壳厚度增加;鸡蛋胆固醇下降;4.0%ALA组第1周和第2周血清极低密度脂蛋白(VLDL)、第2周注射肝素后血浆中脂蛋白脂酶(LPL)活性下降极显著(P<0.01)。这说明添加α-亚麻酸可提高蛋壳品质,增加外周组织对脂质的利用。     

大豆黄酮对母鸡蛋品质及后代仔鸡肉品质的影响

本文旨在研究添喂大豆黄酮对母鸡蛋品质及后代仔鸡肉品质的影响.试验选取产蛋后期肉种鸡480只,随机分为2组,每组设8个重复.试验组在基础日粮中添喂10 mg/kg的大豆黄酮,第5周后收集种蛋,每组随机取30枚做蛋品质分析,剩余种蛋按正常程序孵化,出雏后饲养至63日龄,宰杀取肌肉做肉品质分析.结果表明母鸡饲喂大豆黄酮后,蛋壳厚度和蛋壳比重分别增加了0.03 mm(P ＜ 0.01)和0.45%(P ＜ 0.05);蛋白的Haugh单位增加了4(P ＜ 0.05);入孵蛋出雏率和受精蛋出雏率分别降低了11.5%和8.3%(P ＜ 0.05).添喂大豆黄酮对后代仔鸡生长无显著影响,但显著降低了雌仔鸡肌肉比重和肌肉的蒸煮损失率(P ＜ 0.05),显著降低雄仔鸡肌肉的滴水损失率(P ＜ 0.05);显著增加胸肌黄度(P ＜ 0.05);但对腿肌的快慢肌纤维比例、纤维密度以及快慢肌纤维的横截面积均无显著影响(P ＞ 0.05).以上结果提示10 mg/kg剂量的大豆黄酮应慎用于种蛋禽上,而在商品蛋禽上则具有良好的应用前景.     

黑水虻幼虫粉对蛋鸡产蛋后期生产性能、蛋品质及血液生理生化指标的影响

本试验旨在研究饲粮中添加黑水虻幼虫粉对蛋鸡产蛋后期生产性能、蛋品质及血液生理生化指标的影响。选取60周龄、健康、产蛋率接近的海兰褐蛋鸡1080只,随机分为4组,每组6个重复,每个重复45只鸡,对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组在基础饲粮中分别添加1%、2%、3%的黑水虻幼虫粉。预试期7 d,正试期60 d。结果表明:1)与对照组相比,试验Ⅱ、Ⅲ组蛋鸡产蛋后期的产蛋率显著提高(P<0.05),料蛋比显著降低(P<0.05),试验Ⅲ组的破软蛋率显著降低(P<0.05)。2)饲粮中添加黑水虻幼虫粉对蛋鸡产蛋后期的蛋壳颜色、蛋形指数、蛋白高度、哈氏单位、蛋壳厚度、蛋壳强度、蛋黄相对重、蛋壳相对重及蛋黄胆固醇含量均无显著影响(P>0.05)。3)与对照组相比,试验Ⅱ、Ⅲ组蛋鸡产蛋后期血清中天冬氨酸氨基转移酶活性和葡萄糖含量显著提高(P<0.05),试验Ⅲ组血清高密度脂蛋白胆固醇含量显著提高(P<0.05),但饲粮中添加黑水虻幼虫粉对蛋鸡的血液生理指标和其他血清生化指标均没有显著影响(P>0.05)。由此可见,饲粮中添加黑水虻幼虫粉可提高蛋鸡产蛋后期的生产性能,改善血清生化指标,且不会对蛋鸡机体内环境稳态产生不良影响。     

日粮添加不同水平硫酸锌对京红蛋鸡免疫机能和蛋品质的影响

本试验通过研究日粮中添加不同水平硫酸锌对京红蛋鸡免疫机能和蛋品质的影响,探索京红蛋鸡饲料中锌的适宜添加量。选择20周龄540只健康产蛋高峰期的京红蛋鸡,随机分为6个处理组,每个处理6个重复,每个重复15只鸡,分别饲喂6种不同日粮：T1组饲喂基础日粮（对照组,含锌25 mg/kg）;T2、T3、T4、T5、T6组分别在基础日粮中添加25、50、75、100和125 mg/kg硫酸锌（以锌计）,预饲期2周,试验期24周。每4周统计破蛋率;分别在33周龄和45周龄末测定蛋品质、血清抗氧化指标和免疫功能相关指标。结果显示：与对照组相比,添加25~125 mg/kg硫酸锌对京红蛋鸡破蛋率、蛋壳厚度、蛋壳强度、浓蛋白高度、哈夫单位和蛋黄颜色,血清碱性磷酸酶（ALP）、乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）活性,IgM、IgA含量和新城疫抗体滴度,免疫器官绝对重和免疫器官指数,肝脏铜锌超氧化物歧化酶（CuZn-SOD）活性均无显著影响（P>0.05）,但极显著提高了33周龄末京红蛋鸡血清IgG含量（P<0.01）。综合考虑各因素,产蛋高峰期京红蛋鸡日粮中硫酸锌适宜添加量推荐为75 mg/kg。     

Effects of dietary chromium picolinate and ascorbic acid supplementation on egg production, egg quality and some serum metabolites of laying hens reared under a low ambient temperature (6 degrees C).

This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of chromium (chromium picolinate, Cr Pic) and vitamin C (L-ascorbic acid) supplementation on egg production and egg quality in laying hens (Hy-Line) kept at 18 degrees C (at thermo-neutral zone) or 6 degrees C (cold stress) in temperature-controlled rooms. One hundred and fifty laying hens (32 week-old) were divided into 5 groups, 30 hens per group. The laying hens kept at 6 degrees C temperature were fed either a basal diet (low temperature-basal diet, LTB group) or the basal diet supplemented with either 400 micrograms of Cr per kg diet (Cr group), 250 mg of L-ascorbic acid per kg diet (Vit C group) or 400 micrograms of Cr plus 250 mg of L-ascorbic acid per kg diet (Vit C + Cr group) while hens kept at 18 degrees C fed a basal diet (thermo-neutral-basal diet, TNB group). Performance and egg quality were significantly reduced in LTB group compared with TNB group. Supplemental chromium and vitamin C significantly increased live weight change, egg production, and improved feed efficiency in cold-stressed hens compared with group fed the basal diet at 6 degrees C brought up to the values of the group reared under thermoneutral conditions (18 degrees C). Egg production and egg weight were also greater in each supplemental group compared with the LTB group. Separately or as a combination, supplemental chromium and vitamin C increased serum insulin but decreased corticosterone, glucose and cholesterol concentrations. Results of the present study show that supplementing vitamin C and chromium, particularly as a combination, improved the performance of cold-stressed hens. Such a combination of supplement can offer a potential protective management practice in preventing cold stress-related losses in performance of laying hens.     

粪肠球菌对产蛋后期蛋鸡生产性能、蛋品质及肠道组织形态的影响

试验旨在研究添加不同剂量的粪肠球菌对产蛋后期蛋鸡生产性能、蛋品质及肠道形态结构的影响。选取70周龄产蛋率相近的海兰褐蛋鸡270只,随机分为3个处理,每个处理6个重复,每个重复15只鸡。试验设对照组（饲喂基础日粮）、试验Ⅰ组（基础日粮+3.75 mg/kg粪肠球菌）和试验Ⅱ组（基础日粮+7.5 mg/kg粪肠球菌）,预试期7 d,正试期50 d。结果表明,与对照组相比,试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ组产蛋后期蛋鸡产蛋率、产蛋量极显著提高（P<0.01）,料蛋比极显著降低（P<0.01）;与对照组相比,试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ组蛋鸡的蛋壳厚度、蛋壳强度、蛋形指数、蛋白高度、哈夫单位、蛋黄相对重、蛋壳相对重均无显著变化（P>0.05）;与对照组相比,试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ组产蛋后期蛋鸡十二指肠、回肠的黏膜厚度极显著增加（P<0.01）,回肠绒毛高度显著提高（P<0.05）。综上所述,在产蛋后期蛋鸡日粮中添加适宜剂量的粪肠球菌可提高蛋鸡生产性能,改善肠道形态结构。     

乳酸锌对蛋鸡生产性能及蛋壳质量的影响

为研究乳酸锌对蛋鸡生产性能及蛋壳质量的影响,试验采用单因子随机分组试验设计,选取1600只360日龄的罗曼粉壳蛋鸡,随机分为4个处理组,每个处理组8个重复,每个重复50只鸡。础饲日粮为玉米-豆粕型粉状饲粮,处理1组饲喂基础饲粮+60 mg/kg一水硫酸锌(以锌计),处理2组饲喂基础饲粮+60 mg/kg乳酸锌(以锌计),处理3组饲喂基础饲粮+40 mg/kg乳酸锌(以锌计),处理4组饲喂基础饲粮+60 mg/kg锌(一水硫酸锌和乳酸锌提供的锌各一半)。结果表明,蛋鸡日粮中添加60 mg/kg乳酸锌(以锌计)能显著降低平均破蛋率、提高平均蛋壳强度(P<0.05)和明显提高平均蛋壳厚度,并且平均死亡率最低,但对蛋鸡的平均产蛋率、平均蛋重、平均日采食量和平均料蛋比无显著影响(P>0.05)。     

饲粮缬氨酸水平对蛋鸡生产性能、蛋品质及血清生化指标的影响

本文旨在研究饲粮不同缬氨酸水平对蛋鸡生产性能、蛋品质及血清生化指标的影响,并探讨蛋鸡饲粮中缬氨酸的最适添加量.试验选用720只体重相近的40周龄的海兰褐壳蛋鸡,随机分成5组,每组4个重复,每个重复36只鸡,分别饲喂缬氨酸水平为0.6％、0.7％、0.8％、0.9％、1.0％的饲粮,试验期为56 d.结果表明:1)0.8％水平组料蛋比和1.0％水平组平均日采食量分别最低,与其他各组均差异显著(P＜0.05);各组产蛋率、平均蛋重和日产蛋均重均无显著差异(P＞0.05).2)0.8％水平组蛋壳强度最大,1.0％水平组蛋清蛋白质含量最低,与其他各组均差异显著(P＜0.05)或有显著的趋势(P＜0.10);各组蛋壳厚度、哈夫单位、蛋黄颜色、蛋白高度、蛋黄和蛋清相对重均无显著差异(P＞0.05).3)0.8％水平组血清葡萄糖含量最高,显著高于其他各组(P＜0.05);0.8％水平组血清尿素氮和尿酸含量最低,总氨基酸含量最高,与其他各组均有差异显著的趋势(P＜0.10).4)二次曲线分析表明:当饲粮代谢能为11.31 MJ/kg、粗蛋白质水平为15.81％、赖氨酸水平为0.77％时,以料蛋比为评价指标,产蛋高峰期蛋鸡缬氨酸需要量为0.78％,以蛋壳强度和血清白蛋白含量为评价指标,缬氨酸需要量分别为0.81％和0.75％.由此可知,基础饲粮中添加一定量的缬氨酸可降低产蛋高峰期蛋鸡料蛋比,增强蛋壳强度和提高血清葡萄糖含量.     

维生素E对免疫抑制产蛋鸡生产性能和蛋品质的调控效应

试验探讨维生素E对免疫抑制蛋鸡生产性能和蛋品质的调控效应,选取健康的尼克褐产蛋鸡270只,随机等分为5组,每组3个重复,每重复18只。第Ⅰ组为对照组,第Ⅱ~Ⅴ组为免疫抑制组,对第Ⅱ~Ⅴ组鸡在试验第5、6、7 d进行腿部肌肉注射80 mg/kgBW环磷酰胺(CTX),第Ⅰ组注射等量生理盐水。Ⅰ、Ⅱ组饲喂基础日粮(维生素E含量44.59 mg/kg),Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ组在基础日粮中分别添加50、100、200 mg/kg维生素E。结果显示:①免疫抑制产蛋鸡的产蛋率、平均蛋重和平均日采食量显著降低(P<0.05),破蛋率显著升高(P<0.05)。基础日粮中添加50 mg/kg维生素E显著提高免疫抑制产蛋鸡的产蛋率、平均蛋重和平均日采食量(P<0.05),但仍低于对照组Ⅰ(P<0.05);显著降低料蛋比和破蛋率(P<0.05)。②免疫抑制产蛋鸡的蛋壳厚度、蛋壳强度和哈氏单位显著降低(P<0.05),蛋形指数和蛋黄颜色无显著改变(P>0.05);50 mg/kg维生素E添加量显著提高免疫抑制产蛋鸡的蛋壳厚度、蛋壳强度和哈氏单位(P<0.05),与对照组Ⅰ无显著差异(P>0.05)。因此,免疫抑制显著降低产蛋鸡的生产性能和蛋品质;基础日粮中添加维生素E对免疫抑制蛋鸡的生产性能和蛋品质具有明显的调控效应,且以50 mg/kg添加量效果较好。     

Tomato powder in laying hen diets: effects on concentrations of yolk carotenoids and lipid peroxidation

1. The effects of tomato powder supplementation on performance, egg quality, serum and egg yolk carotenoids, vitamins and malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations in were investigated in laying hens in mid-lay.

2. A total of 90 laying hens, 49 weeks old, were divided into 3 groups consisting of 6 replicate cages, 5 birds per cage. Birds were randomly fed on one of three diets: basal diet and basal diet added with 5 or 10?g tomato powder per kg diet.

3. As tomato powder concentration increased, there were linear increases in feed intake, egg production, egg weight and yolk colour and a linear decrease in feed conversion. Shell weight, shell thickness and Haugh unit remained unchanged in response to dietary treatments.

4. Concentrations of serum and egg yolk lycopene, β-carotene, lutein and vitamin A increased for both diets including tomato powder, whereas MDA decreased linearly with increasing supplemental tomato powder concentration.

5. Tomato powder supplementation increased egg production persistency and increased carotenoids and vitamin A contents in egg yolk, accompanied by reduced yolk lipid peroxidation.     

松针粉对蛋鸡生产性能、蛋品质、血清生化指标和抗氧化指标的影响

试验旨在研究松针粉对蛋鸡生产性能、蛋品质、血清生化指标和抗氧化指标的影响,以期为松针粉在蛋鸡生产中的应用提供参考。选用120羽40周龄健康产蛋期京粉1号蛋鸡作为试验动物,随机分为2组,每组6个重复,每个重复10羽鸡。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组用3%松针粉替代基础饲粮中的小麦麸。预试期7 d,正试期56 d。试验期间,每天按重复记录采食量、产蛋总数、总蛋重等,并以组为单位统计其平均日采食量、平均蛋重、日产蛋量、料蛋比等;在正试期第28和56天,分别从各重复中取2枚鸡蛋测定蛋壳强度、蛋壳厚度、蛋黄颜色、哈夫单位;在试验结束前1 d和结束当天,从各重复中抽取10枚鸡蛋于4℃贮藏,每次从各重复中取2枚鸡蛋,测定其贮藏后第15、20、60、105天的哈夫单位;在正试期第56天从各重复中选取试验蛋鸡1只,空腹12 h后经翅下静脉采血5 mL后分离血清,采用全自动生化仪测定血清中总胆固醇（TC）、甘油三酯（TG）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C）、总蛋白（TP）、白蛋白（ALB）、尿酸（UA）、尿素（Urea）、葡萄糖（GLU）含量及丙氨酸氨基转移酶（ALT）、天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶（AST）、碱性磷酸酶（ALP）活性;采用试剂盒法测定血清中丙二醛（MDA）含量、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH-Px）、谷胱甘肽（GSH）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）的活性和总抗氧化能力（T-AOC）。结果显示：①与对照组相比,饲粮中添加松针粉显著提高了蛋鸡产蛋率（P<0.05）,显著降低了平均蛋重和料蛋比（P<0.05）,但平均日采食量、平均日产蛋量和合格蛋率均无显著差异（P>0.05）。②试验第28天,试验组蛋黄颜色值显著高于对照组（P<0.05）,试验第56天,两组间蛋黄颜色值差异不显著（P>0.05）;其余时间点,饲粮中添加松针粉对鸡蛋的哈夫单位、蛋壳厚度和蛋壳强度均无显著影响（P>0.05）。③与对照组相比,饲粮中添加松针粉对蛋鸡血清TC、TG、HDL-C、LDL-C、TP、ALB、球蛋白（GLB）、尿素、UA和GLU含量以及ALT、AST、ALP活性均无显著影响（P>0.05）,显著提高了蛋鸡血清MDA含量和GSH-Px活性（P<0.05）,但对GSH含量和SOD、CAT活性以及T-AOC均无显著影响（P>0.05）。综上所述,饲粮中添加3%松针粉能够显著提高蛋鸡产蛋率,改善料蛋比和蛋黄颜色,显著提高蛋鸡血清MDA含量和GSH-Px活性,但未影响机体T-AOC。因此,蛋鸡饲粮中用3%松针粉替代等比例的小麦麸是可行的。