RNA干涉下调RACK1基因表达增强水稻抗旱能力

 RACK1是一种多功能支架蛋白,广泛参与植物生长发育过程的调节。利用RNA干涉技术抑制水稻RACK1基因的表达,分析了RACK1基因在响应干旱胁迫中的功能。实时定量PCR对获得的转基因植株的RACK1基因表达分析结果表明,转基因水稻RACK1基因表达受抑制程度达50%左右。与非转基因水稻（对照）相比,转基因水稻耐干旱能力显著强于对照,其膜的过氧化酶和丙二醛的产生显著低于对照,而超氧化物歧化酶活性极显著高于对照。表明RACK1蛋白质调节水稻对干旱胁迫的耐性,并且这种调节在很大程度上与植株体内的氧化还原系统有关。     

水稻OsMAPK17-1基因的分离及转基因研究

OsMAPK17-1作为一种MAP激酶，受多种生物和非生物胁迫的诱导，且对病原菌的侵染有一定的防卫作用。为研究水稻OsMAPK17-1基因的功能，通过RT-PCR方法分离OsMAPK17-1基因全长cDNA，分别构建过表达与RNAi植物表达载体，采用农杆菌介导法以粳稻日本晴为受体进行遗传转化，PCR检测具有潮霉素抗性基因的转基因水稻植株，结果表明：OsMAPK17-1基因及RNAi片段均已整合到水稻基因组中。利用PCR和RT-PCR的方法对转基因后代进行筛选，获得过表达和RNAi转基因纯系各1个，模拟干旱处理结果表明，RNAi株系在干旱处理下比对照更有利于根的生长，这些结果为进一步研究OsMAPK17-1基因的功能奠定了基础。     

水稻种胚LOX3基因在逆境胁迫中的作用

LOX3是主要的水稻种胚脂氧合酶同工酶。为了研究水稻LOX3基因在逆境胁迫中的作用,构建了LOX3基因的反义植物表达载体,用农杆菌介导法转化水稻品种武运粳7号和Kasalath,获得了转基因植株。PCR和Southern鉴定证实基因已经导入水稻基因组中,种胚LOX3缺失鉴定和半定量RT PCR分析证实反义RNA抑制了LOX3基因的表达。对T2代转基因植株进行了水分胁迫处理及稻瘟病和白叶枯病的接种鉴定。结果显示,与非转基因对照相比,反义LOX3转基因植株对水分胁迫、稻瘟病和白叶枯病都表现敏感,说明水稻种胚LOX3基因在逆境胁迫反应中发挥一定的作用。     

转TPSP融合基因小麦植株的获得及抗旱性初步鉴定

为了培育抗旱小麦新材料,在构建舍大肠杆茵海藻糖-6-磷酸合成酶基因(otsA)和海藻糖-6磷酸磷酸酯酶基因(otsB)融合基因TPSP的表达栽体pBS-ATPSP的基础上.利用花粉管通道法对小麦品种豫麦34和豫麦18进行了遗传转化.两个品种共处理2 495朵小花,获得T0代种子1 611粒.两个品种分别获得T1代小麦植株857和659株,经PCR鉴定转基因植株分别为11株和7株.通过半定量RT-PCR技术对4个T2代转基因株系中融合基因TPSP的表达分析显示,3个株系中TPSP基因受水分胁迫而诱导表达,其中2个株系在温室进行的干旱胁迫鉴定中表现出较强的抗旱能力.     

大豆GmFDL06基因抗干旱及耐盐性研究

bZIP转录因子在植物防卫反应和逆境胁迫应答过程中起着十分重要的作用,大豆GmFDL06是bZIP转录因子家族A组成员,其表达水平受PEG和高盐胁迫影响。本研究分析了GmFDL06转基因大豆苗期的抗干旱和耐盐性。PEG和盐处理后GmFDL06转基因植株的相对植株高度(RPH)和相对植株干重(RSDW)显著高于非转基因大豆东农50。在盐胁迫下,GmFDL06转基因植株比东农50伤害程度低,并且GmFDL06过表达减少了Na~+离子积累,降低了盐胁迫带来的伤害,且过表达GmFDL06促进了下游逆境胁迫基因的表达。这些研究结果表明GmFDL06参与大豆非生物胁迫反应,并有潜力改善大豆的干旱和盐胁迫耐受性,为大豆抗逆基因的研究及抗逆大豆材料的筛选提供了依据。     

转录因子OPBP1和OsiWRKY基因的超表达提高水稻的耐盐及抗病能力

采用基因枪法将耐盐的OPBP1和抗病相关的OsiWRKY转录因子共转化入水稻材料秀水11,经PCR及分子杂交分析确认目的基因已整合到水稻基因组中并超量表达。抗病性测定表明,与未转基因水稻相比,转基因水稻植株表现出对稻瘟病菌（Magnaporthe grisea）和白叶枯病菌（Xanthomonas oryzae pv.oryzae）的较好抗性。抗盐能力检测结果表明,在同等盐胁迫条件下转基因株系生长较快,叶绿素含量和生物学产量都显著高于未转基因对照。上述结果表明,OPBP1和OsiWRKY基因在水稻中增强表达可以提高水稻的耐盐及抗病能力。     

转铁蛋白基因增强水稻对氧化胁迫与稻瘟病菌的抗性

对转豌豆铁蛋白（pea ferritin,Fer）基因水稻T1代的53个株系进行PCR检测,52个株系能扩增出阳性PCR产物。通过测定光合作用过程中最大光化学通量（Fv/Fm值）分析了由百草枯处理引起的T1代水稻叶片的氧化损害。与未转基因水稻相比,转Fer基因水稻的叶片对氧化胁迫的耐受能力有不同程度的增强。百草枯处理后转基因植株叶片叶绿素含量与水处理叶片相比没有明显下降,而未转基因植株叶片叶绿素含量降低至水处理叶片的20％左右。选取9株对氧化胁迫耐受能力较强的水稻进行了Northern blot分析和子代的稻瘟病抗性测定,其中5株转基因植株Fer mRNA 积累增强。病原菌接种后T2代转基因植株的病斑数量明显少于非转基因植株。表明转Fer基因水稻对氧化胁迫和病原菌有较好的抗性。     

过表达GmXTH1基因大豆对干旱胁迫的生理生化响应

为研究GmXTH基因对干旱胁迫大豆苗期表型和生理生化特征的影响,以转基因受体大豆品种M18、GmXTH1过表达转基因株系OEA1和OEA2、GmXTH1干扰表达转基因株系IEA1和IEA2为试验材料,采用盆栽法,设置3种不同水分处理,对苗期不同转化株系的表型、RWC、SOD活性、POD活性和MDA含量进行测定.结果 表明:随干旱胁迫程度增加,不同转化株系的RWC相对降低,SOD和POD活性先增加后减少,MDA含量增加.相同干旱胁迫条件下,与对照品种M18相比,转GmXTH1基因过表达材料OEA1和OEA2的RWC较高,SOD和POD活性相对较高,响应速度较快,MDA含量较低,增长率相对较低,叶色浓绿、茎秆粗壮和株型整体表现较好,胁迫后复水恢复快.GmXTH1基因干扰表达材料IEA1和IEA2的表现则相反,植株受干旱胁迫后,整体表现为叶片萎蔫,茎秆枯细,株型整体表现较差,RWC、SOD和POD活性相对较低,响应速度较慢.说明GmXTH1基因的过量表达对与大豆植株抗旱相关的生理生化指标有积极影响,GmXTH1基因可能参与大豆的抗旱应答反应过程.     

抗虫抗除草剂转基因水稻B1C893的获得与鉴定

利用农杆菌介导法将Cry1Ca#和Bar基因转化水稻恢复系R893,获得6株再生植株。经过分子鉴定,发现Bar基因和Cry1Ca#基因成功整合到水稻基因组并稳定表达。测定其中单拷贝且可育的转基因株系苗期不同器官中Cry1Ca蛋白的表达量,发现根系中最低而叶片中最高,其中最高的第6号株系叶片中含量达到35.07μg/g。获得的转基因株系对除草剂草铵膦和稻纵卷叶螟均具有良好的抗性。     

水稻类钙调磷酸酶B亚基蛋白基因OsCBL8功能的初步研究

 以转正义或反义OsCBL8基因的T3代株系及非转基因对照为材料, 研究了转OsCBL8基因对水稻农艺性状、内源OsCBL8基因表达和幼苗耐盐、耐旱及耐冷性的影响。结果表明, 供试的16个转基因株系的株高、单株分蘖数、单株有效穗数、穗长和百粒重等性状与对照无显著差异, 每穗实粒数和结实率则大都显著或极显著低于对照。部分转基因株系的半定量RT PCR结果表明, 转正义基因显著增强了植株中OsCBL8基因的表达, 而转反义基因则对内源OsCBL8基因的表达具有一定的抑制作用。在盐、干旱和低温等非生物胁迫条件下的生长实验发现, 1个转正义基因株系的耐盐性得到显著增强, 1个转反义基因株系的耐旱性得到显著增强。 讨论了OsCBL8基因在水稻耐非生物逆境方面可能的机理。     

Down-Regulated Expression of RACK1 Gene by RNA Interference Enhances Drought Tolerance in Rice

The receptor for activated C-kinase 1 (RACK1) is a highly conserved scaffold protein with versatile functions, and plays important roles in the regulation of plant growth and development. Transgenic rice plants, in which the expression of RACK1 gene was inhibited by RNA interference (RNAi), were studied to elucidate the possible functions of RACK1 in responses to drought stress in rice. Real-time PCR analysis showed that the expression of RACK1 in transgenic rice plants was inhibited by more than 50%. The tolerance to drought stress of the transgenic rice plants was higher as compared with the non-transgenic rice plants. The peroxidation of membrane and the production of malondialdehyde were significantly lower, and the superoxide dismutase activity in transgenic rice plants was significantly higher than those in non-trangenic rice plants. It is suggested that RACK1 negatively regulated the redox system-related tolerance to drought stress of rice plants.     

拟南芥AtLURP1基因启动子在转基因烟草和水稻中的功能分析

克隆拟南芥LURP1基因上游1515 bp的启动子调控序列并命名为AtLURP1p,将其与GUS报告基因融合,构建成植物表达载体,分别遗传转化烟草和水稻,获得LURP1p::GUS的烟草和水稻转基因植株及其相应的T2代株系,分别研究LURP1p对水稻稻瘟病、辣椒青枯病侵染及SA、MeJA、ABA等几种重要的植物激素信号分子处理的应答.结果表明:(1)转基因烟草和水稻在几种激素,包括SA、MeJA、ABA的诱导处理下,GUS基因均可以被诱导表达;(2)转基因烟草在细菌性病菌青枯病的侵染下,GUS可被诱导表达并表现出持续表达的趋势,转基因水稻在稻瘟病的侵染下,其GUS基因也被诱导表达,并表现出后期持续上调的趋势.这些研究结果表明,拟南芥LURP1的应答逆境信号通路也存在于烟草和水稻等植物,该启动子可用作诱导型启动子广泛地应用于不同植物抗病基因工程.     

Role of LOX3 Gene in Alleviating Adverse Effects of Drought and Pathogens in Rice

Lipoxygenase 3 (LOX3) is a major component of the LOX isozymes in mature rice seeds. To investigate the role of LOX3 gene under stresses, a plant expression vector containing antisense cDNA of LOX3 was constructed. Rice varieties Wuyunjing 7 and Kasalath were transformed by the Agrobacterium-mediated method and transgenic rice plants were generated. PCR and Southern blot results showed that the antisense LOX3 gene was integrated into the rice genome. Analyses of embryo LOX3 deletion and semi-quantitative RT-PCR confirmed the antisense suppression of LOX3 gene in transgenic plants. The T2 antisense plants of LOX3 were sensitive to drought stress, rice blast and bacterial blight compared with non-transgenic plants. These results suggest that the LOX3 gene might function in response to stresses.     

Genetic Transformation of Rice with Pi-d2 Gene Enhances Resistance to Rice Blast Fungus Magnaporthe oryzae

The gene Pi-d2, conferring gene-for-gene resistance to the Chinese blast strain ZB15, was isolated from a rice variety (Digu) by the map-based cloning strategy. Here, we constructed a control plasmid pZH01-pi-d2tp309 (pZH01-tp309) and three different expression constructs, pCB-Pi-d25.3kb (pCB5.3kb), pCB-Pi-d26.3kb (pCB6.3kb) and pZH01-Pi-d22.72kb (pZH01-2.72kb) of Pi-d2, driven by Pi-d2 gene's own promoter or CaMV35S promoter. These constructs were separately introduced into japonica rice varieties Lijiangxintuanhegu, Taipei 309, Nipponbare and Zhonghua 9 through Agrobacterium- mediated transformation. A total of 150 transgenic rice plants were obtained from the regenerated calli selected on hygromycin. PCR, RT-PCR and Southern-blotting assay showed that the gene of interest had been integrated into rice genome and stably inherited. Thirty-five transgenic lines independently derived from T1 progeny were inoculated with the rice blast strain ZB15. Transformants exhibited resistance to rice blast at various levels. The lesions on the transgenic plant leaves were less severe than those on the controls and the resistance level of transgenic plants harboring the gene of interest from three vectors had no difference. The own promoter of Pi-d2, about 2.2 kb or 3.2 kb, had the similar promoter function as CaMV35S. Field evaluation for three successive years supported the results of artificial trial, and some lines with high resistance to rice leaf blast and neck blast were obtained.     

外源木聚糖酶基因atx在水稻中的表达

 为通过在转基因植株中表达木聚糖酶来提高木聚糖酶的生产效率,将具有较高热稳定性和催化活性的杂合木聚糖酶基因atx连接到双元表达载体pCAMBIA1301上,成功构建了木聚糖酶植物表达载体atx Ru3ep 1301。然后以水稻成熟胚的愈伤组织作为转化受体,采用农杆菌介导法将木聚糖酶基因导入水稻(中花11)中。经过潮霉素抗性检测和PCR鉴定,证实目的基因已经整合到转基因水稻基因组中。RT PCR分析结果显示,外源木聚糖酶基因能够在CaMV 35S启动子的引导下在转基因水稻中正常转录。转基因水稻能够正常生长和繁殖。木聚糖酶活性分析表明,转基因植株最高木聚糖酶活性约为4.37 U/g（鲜叶片）。因此,利用转基因水稻生产木聚糖酶将会是一种经济、有效的方法。     

1-磷酸甘露醇脱氢酶基因转化水稻的研究

摘要：PCR和Southern blotting检测表明,来自大肠杆菌的[i]mtlD[/i]基因已通过农杆菌介导整合进水稻基因组。[i]mtlD[/i]基因在T1代出现分离, T2代出现纯系。在0.75% NaCl胁迫下,7个转基因T3代株系都能检测到mtlD酶活性,与对照相比细胞膜的相对电导率和大分子渗漏值明显降低。部分转基因株系能在 1.0% NaCl浓度下正常生长,而对照在0.5% NaCl浓度下已不能存活。通过有性杂交途径实现了[i]mtlD[/i]和[i]gutD[/i]两个基因的聚合,部分杂交后代株系能在1.25%NaCl胁迫下正常生长结实。