福建西番莲病毒病的发生及其病原黄瓜花叶病毒亚组鉴定

1988～1995年对福建西番莲病毒病的发生为害进行调查,发现在西番莲栽培区病毒病普遍发生,发病率通常在30％～40％,严重的达90％以上。田间症状主要表现为叶片环斑、皱缩、花叶、环斑花叶,死顶和果实木质化等。从田间病株采集40份样本,经电镜观察和采用A蛋白夹心ELISA(PAS-ELISA),用西番莲木质化病毒(PWV)、西番莲黄花叶病毒(PFYMV)、紫果西番莲花叶病毒(GMV)、烟草花叶病毒(TMV)及黄瓜花叶病毒(CMV)的抗血清进行测定,其中36个样本检测出CMV,表明福建西番莲病毒病的主要病原为CMV。与此同时,对西番莲上CMV进行亚组鉴定,采用鉴别寄主和单、多克隆抗体双夹心ELISA(DAS-ELISA)对36个CMV阳性样本进行测定,结果35个属CMV亚组Ⅰ,1个属CMV亚组Ⅱ,表明田间以CMV亚组Ⅰ分离物占绝对优势。     

辽宁省蔬菜病毒病调查与鉴定

本研究于2014—2015年,针对辽宁省茄科(番茄、辣椒)、葫芦科(黄瓜)、豆科(菜豆)、十字花科(白菜)几种主要蔬菜,对烟草花叶病毒(TMV)、黄瓜花叶病毒(CMV)、菜豆萎蔫病毒(BBWV)、黄瓜绿斑驳花叶病毒(CGMMV)和芜菁花叶病毒(Tu MV)进行Dot-ELISA检测,对辣椒轻斑驳病毒(PMMo V)进行RT-PCR检测。调查中共采集样品778份,病毒总检出率为14.4%。其中,TMV、CMV、BBWV、Tu MV、PMMo V均有检出,检出率分别为11.3%、6.5%、1.9%、7.6%和0.6%,CGMMV在各地均未检出。从各地区病毒发生情况来看,凤城地区蔬菜病毒种类较多,发生较重。此次调查中有12份样品被检测出有复合侵染的现象,占总检出率的1.5%。     

北京地区辣椒病毒病毒原种类及黄瓜花叶病毒株系鉴定

近十年来,经鉴定,明确了北京地区辣椒病毒病毒原有7种,即黄瓜花叶病毒(CMV)占病株样品的55％,烟草花叶病毒(TMV)占26％,马铃薯Y病毒(PXY)占13.2％,烟草蚀纹病毒(TEV)占11.8％,马铃薯X病毒(PVX)占10.4％,苜蓿花叶病毒(AMV)占2％,及蚕豆萎蔫病毒(BBWV)占1.4％。其中CMV可划分为4个株系,即重花叶株系,坏死株系,轻花叶株系和带状株系。     

北京地区辣椒病毒病毒原种类及黄瓜花叶病毒株系鉴定

近十年来,经鉴定,明确了北京地区辣椒病毒病毒原有7种,即黄瓜花叶病毒(CMV)占病株样品的55％,烟草花叶病毒(TMV)占26％,马铃薯Y病毒(PXY)占13.2％,烟草蚀纹病毒(TEV)占11.8％,马铃薯X病毒(PVX)占10.4％,苜蓿花叶病毒(AMV)占2％,及蚕豆萎蔫病毒(BBWV)占1.4％。其中CMV可划分为4个株系,即重花叶株系,坏死株系,轻花叶株系和带状株系。     

我国太子参主产区病毒病发生情况调查

为调查我国太子参主产区病毒病发生情况,使用RT-PCR法对采自福建省柘荣县,贵州省施秉县、丹寨县和安徽省宣城市的71份具有典型病毒病症状的太子参样品进行检测,并根据CP氨基酸序列对不同地区病毒进行系统进化分析。RT-PCR结果显示,65份样品检出病毒,检出率为91.55%,其中,56份样品检出芜菁花叶病毒Turnip mosaic virus(TuMV),49份样品检出蚕豆萎蔫病毒2号Broad bean wilt virus 2(BBWV2),9份样品检测出黄瓜花叶病毒Cucumber mosaic virus(CMV),检出率分别为78.87%、69.01%和12.68%。未检测到烟草花叶病毒Tobacco mosaic virus(TMV)。序列和系统发育进化分析显示,本研究获得的TuMV、BBWV2和CMV与NCBI数据库中的序列相似度较高,核苷酸相似度分别为98.05%～98.98%、93.61%～94.25%和98.02%～99.17%,氨基酸序列相似度分别为:96.14%～97.47%、97.33%～98.50%和98.00%～100%,分别属于World-B组、Ⅰ-a亚...     

甘肃省18种药用植物病毒病调查及2种病毒病的鉴定

2012年6月至2013年9月对甘肃省宕昌县、漳县、岷县、渭源县、陇西县、临洮县等地区种植的具有疑似病毒病症状的半夏等18种药用植物进行调查及采样。采用黄瓜花叶病毒(CMV)、苜蓿花叶病毒(AMV)、烟草花叶病毒(TMV)、番茄花叶病毒(ToMV)、马铃薯Y病毒(PVY)、马铃薯X病毒(PVX)、芜菁花叶病毒(TuMV)等7种双抗体夹心免疫酶联检测(DAS-ELISA)试剂盒初检, 并对CMV和ToMV采用反转录PCR(RT-PCR)方法复检, 结果表明, 半夏、掌叶大黄和红花3种药用植物受到黄瓜花叶病毒(CMV)侵染; 马兜铃、土贝母及当归3种植物受到番茄花叶病毒(ToMV)侵染; 样品中未检测到上述其他病毒种类, 其余12种病毒样品的病原尚未确定。本研究为国内首次报道CMV病毒侵染掌叶大黄、红花, ToMV病毒侵染马兜铃、当归和土贝母。此研究为防治上述病毒病提供了依据。     

蚜虫迁飞动态与辣椒病毒病流行的关系

在江苏省泰县和南京城郊辣椒病毒病的优势病原为黄瓜花叶病毒(CMV),次为烟草花叶病毒(TMV),此外还鉴定了一种蚕豆萎蔫病毒(BBWV)。辣椒病毒病发病株率随迁入辣椒田内有翅蚜总量的增长而增高,两者呈显著正相关,蚜虫迁飞高峰后20天左右出现辣椒发病高峰。田间最有效的传毒介体为桃蚜、萝卜蚜、禾谷缢管蚜,它们的迁飞高峰都在5月中、下旬,此时正值辣椒感病阶段,对发病率和产量影响较大。5月中旬至6月中旬置放田间的辣椒苗发病率最高,说明此时迁入田间的有翅蚜传毒最为有效,此期间是阻断蚜虫传毒的关键时期。     

十字花科蔬菜病毒病原的检测

应用酶联免疫吸附测定(ELISA)方法和对流免疫电泳方法检测病株样本325个。结果表明,芜菁花叶病毒(TuMV)是侵染十字花科蔬菜最主要的毒原;其侵染率达到83.08％,其次是黄瓜花叶病毒(CMV)占19.39％,烟草花叶病毒(TMV)占8.62％,其他病毒占0.31％。从各省的侵染病毒种类来看,除广西省外,其他6省的样本中,TuMV单独侵染的占50％以上;而广西省TuMV与CMV复合侵染的比率较高。贵州、安徽和江苏省TMV和TuMV复合侵染率较其他几省为高,湖北省CMV较普遍。各种蔬菜样本中除花椰菜外;均以TuMV或TuMV与其他病毒复合侵染的为主。     

马来西亚某些蔬菜作物病毒病的发生情况

马来西亚辣椒、甜椒、番茄、茄子、菠菜和黄瓜病毒病发生情况调查表明:80%以上的辣椒感染花叶病,并导致辣椒减产。鉴定了9个辣椒病株标样,其中3个标样由辣椒脉斑驳病毒(Chilli veinal mottle virus,CVMV)单独侵染,其余为两种病毒复合侵染,CVMV 和黄瓜花叶病毒普通株系(CMV—O)、CVMV 和烟草花叶病毒番茄株系(TMV-t)、CVMV 和 CMV 的辣椒株系(CMV-C)复合侵染分别占标样数的2,2,1,1。甜椒病毒病的发生率低于辣椒(由于绝大部分甜椒在塑料大棚栽培的缘故),鉴定     

侵染西瓜的小西葫芦花叶病毒的生物学特性鉴定

西瓜病毒病是制约西瓜产量及品质的顽疾.据报道,该病害造成的经济损失达到30%～50%.1981～1999年皖、苏、鲁、豫西瓜的病毒病曾几次大发生.危害西瓜的病毒病有西瓜花叶病毒1号(WMV-1)、西瓜花叶病毒2号(WMV-2)、黄瓜花叶病毒(CMV)、烟草花叶病毒(TMV)、烟草环斑病毒(TRSV)、南瓜花叶病毒(SqMV)等32种[1].小西葫芦花叶病毒(ZYMV)是侵染葫芦科的主要病毒之一,1973年首次在意大利北部发现此病毒,至今已成为一个全球性的植物病毒[2].笔者对ZYMV合肥分离物的生物学特性进行了研究.     

从葎草中检出复合侵染的多种病毒

采用抗原直接包被酶联免疫吸附测定法（ELISA）对采自重庆近郊的34个葎草样品进行了主要病毒种类的检测。其中马铃薯Y病毒(Potato virus Y, PVY)的侵染最普遍,其阳性检出率达44.12%;马铃薯X病毒(Potato virus X, PVX)的阳性检出率最低,仅为26.47%,其余5种病毒,烟草花叶病毒(Tobacco mosaic virus, TMV)、黄瓜花叶病毒(Cucumber mosaic virus, CMV)、番茄花叶病毒(Tomato mosaic virus, ToMV)、芜菁花叶病毒(Turnip mosaic virus, TuMV)及蚕豆萎蔫病毒2号(Broad bean wilt virus 2, BBWV-2)的阳性检出率均为35.29%。葎草样品受多种病毒的复合侵染现象非常严重,15个阳性样品中病毒复合侵染率为80%,其中75%的样品检测到7种病毒复合侵染。     

Survey of chickpea for viruses in Morocco

Chickpea was surveyed for viruses in the main growing areas of the crop in Morocco. A total of 36 fields was examined and 167 samples with symptoms suggestive of virus infection were collected. Serological testing using polyclonal antisera and monoclonal antibodies revealed the presence of the following viruses: alfalfa mosaic alfamovirus (AMV), broad bean mottle bromovirus (BBMV), broad bean stain comovirus (BBSV), bean yellow mosaic potyvirus, cucumber mosaic cucumovirus (CMV), faba bean necrotic yellows nanavirus (FBNYV), lettuce mosaic potyvirus, pea seed-borne mosaic potyvirus (PSbMV), and luteoviruses. Field symptoms of these viruses in chickpea comprised mosaics, yellowing, stunting, narrowing of leaflets and bushy growth. AMV, luteoviruses and potyviruses were found spread over the chickpea-growing regions, while BBSV, BBMV, and FBNYV were confined to some areas. Virus incidence per field varied from 1 to 40% for luteoviruses and from 1 to 20% for mosaic-inducing viruses. AMV, luteoviruses, potyviruses and CMV were detected in 89, 83, 75 and 42%, respectively, of the surveyed fields. BBMV, BBSV and FBNYV were less widespread at the national level. This is the first report of the occurrence of viruses other than CMV and BBMV in chickpea in Morocco, and the first record of the natural occurrence of BBSV and PSbMV in chickpea.     

Survey of faba bean (Vicia faba L.) for viruses in Morocco

A total of 52 faba-bean (Vicia faba L.) fields, located in the main growing areas in Morocco were surveyed for viruses. From 240 samples with symptoms suggestive of virus infection, the following viruses were detected using electron microscopy, serology, and biological indexing: Alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV), bean yellow mosaic virus (BYMV), broad bean mottle virus (BBMV), broad bean stain virus (BBSV), broad bean true mosaic virus (BBTMV), pea earlybrowning virus (PEBV), pea enation mosaic virus (PEMV), pea seed-borne mosaic virus (PSbMV), and a complex of luteoviruses including bean leafroll virus (BLRV). This is the first report of the occurrence of BBTMV, PEMV, PSbMV, and the luteoviruses (including BLRV) of faba bean in Morcco. The luteoviruses and BBMV were found to be the most prevalent. They were detected in 56 and 50%, respectively, of the surveyed fields; while AMV, BBSV, and PEBV were found in single fields only. The remaining viruses were less prevalent, and were detected in a range of 4 to 15% of the fields surveyed. The incidences per field of the prevalent viruses varied and ranged from 1 to 33% for BBMV and up to 20% in the case of luteoviruses. BBMV was found confined to the central and northern parts of the country, BBTMV and PEMV mainly occurred in the central area, while the luteoviruses and BYMV were spread over the faba-bean growing regions of the country.     

The reaction of two lettuce cultivars to mixed infection by beet western yellows virus, lettuce mosaic virus and cucumber mosaic virus

The interaction of beet western yellows virus (BWYV), lettuce mosaic virus (LMV) and cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) has been studied in lettuce cultivars Little Gem and Saladin. LMV infection alone or in combination with BWYV and or CMV caused the most severe symptoms and yield losses in both cultivars. BWYV caused more severe reactions in Little Gem than in Saladin; the reactions caused by CMV were mild in both cultivars. The interaction between BWYV and CMV infection resulted in a significantly greater yield loss in both cultivars than that caused by BWYV or CMV infection alone.     

深度测序发现贵阳发生的辣椒病毒病由多种病毒复合侵染所致

2016年9月贵州省贵阳市发生严重的辣椒病毒病,症状复杂,主要表现为植株矮化,叶片黄化、花叶、皱缩、畸形以及枯死斑,果实有坏死斑等,根据症状难以判断病毒种类。本文采用小RNA深度测序技术对田间自然发病的2株辣椒标样进行了毒源鉴定,发现样品1由蚕豆萎蔫病毒2号(Broad bean wilt virus2,BBWV2)、辣椒脉斑驳病毒(Chilli veinal mottle virus,ChiVMV)、黄瓜花叶病毒(Cucumber mosaic virus,CMV)和辣椒内源RNA病毒(Bell pepper endornavirus,BPEV)4种病原复合侵染;样品2中除鉴定到上述4种病毒外,还检测到马铃薯Y病毒(Potato virusY,PVY)。进一步通过反转录PCR(RT-PCR)对深度测序结果进行了验证,证明其准确可靠。其中4个辣椒标样中均有的辣椒内源RNA病毒(BPEV)为贵州省首次报道。多种病毒复合侵染是辣椒产量和品质的重要限制因素之一,是辣椒生产的主要威胁。     

Properties of viruses of the potyvirus group. 2. Buoyant density,S value,particle morphology,and molecular weight of the coat protein subunit of bean yellow mosaic virus,pea mosaic virus,lettuce mosaic virus,and potato virus YN

The buoyant densities of bean yellow mosaic virus (BYMV) B25, pea mosaic virus (PMV) E198, lettuce mosaic virus (LMV), and potato virus Y^N (PVY^N) were 1.318, 1.321, 1.330, and 1.326 g/ml, respectively. Their S values were 143, 140, 143, and 145 S. The particle morphology of BYMV B25, PMV E198, and LMV could reversibly be changed by magnesium ions. PVY^N particles were broken in the presence of magnesium ions. The molecular weight of the coat protein subunit of the four viruses was 34,000 daltons. In many preparations also a 28,000 daltons component was present. This must be considered to be a breakdown product, derived from the 34,000 daltons component by proteolytic activity.Samenvatting De zweefdichtheden van het bonescherpmozaiekvirus (BYMV) B25, het erwtemozaiekvirus (PMV) E198, het slamozaïekvirus (LMV) en het aardappelvirus Y^N (PVY^N) bedroegen respectievelijk 1,318, 1,321, 1,330 en 1,326 g/ml. Hun sedimentatiecoëfficiënten waren 143, 140, 143 en 145 S. De deeltjesvorm van BYMV B25, PMV E198 en LMV kon reversibel worden veranderd door toevoeging en verwijdering van magnesium-ionen. Deze induceerden het optreden van breuken in de deeltjes van PVY^N. Het molecuulgewicht van de manteleiwiteenheid van de vier virussen bedroeg 34.000 daltons. In veel preparaten was bovendien een component van 28.000 daltons aanwezig. Deze moet worden beschouwd, als een proteolytisch afbraakprodukt dat ontstaat uit de component van 34.000 daltons.     

Incidence of viruses in <Emphasis Type="Italic">Alstroemeria</Emphasis> plants cultivated in Japan and characterization of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Broad bean wilt virus-2, Cucumber mosaic virus</Emphasis> and <Emphasis Type="Italic">Youcai mosaic virus</Emphasis>

Alstroemeria plants were surveyed for viruses in Japan from 2002 to 2004. Seventy-two Alstroemeria plants were collected from Aichi, Nagano, and Hokkaido prefectures and 54.2% were infected with some species of virus. The predominant virus was Alstroemeria mosaic virus, followed by Tomato spotted wilt virus, Youcai mosaic virus (YoMV), Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), Alstroemeria virus X and Broad bean wilt virus-2 (BBWV-2). On the basis of nucleotide sequence of the coat protein genes, all four CMV isolates belong to subgroup IA. CMV isolates induced mosaic and/or necrosis on Alstroemeria. YoMV and BBWV-2 were newly identified by traits such as host range, particle morphology, and nucleotide sequence as viruses infecting Alstroemeria. A BBWV-2 isolate also induced mosaic symptoms on Alstroemeria seedlings.