基于Maxent模型的棉花曲叶病在中国的适生性分析

棉花曲叶病是棉花上一种毁灭性的病害,其主要病原木尔坦棉花曲叶病毒(Cotton leaf curl Multan virus,CLCu Mu V)已入侵我国广东、广西、海南、福建、云南和江苏等地,明确其可能的适生区域对该病毒病的科学监测和综合防控意义重大。本研究以棉花曲叶病的分布数据为基础,综合考虑其传播介体烟粉虱、中间寄主朱槿、寄主棉花的分布区域,利用Maxent模型对棉花曲叶病在中国的潜在适生区进行预测。结果表明,长江流域棉区、黄河流域棉区的大部分区域都属于棉花曲叶病的适生区,而西北内陆棉区的适生程度较低,大部分为低度适生区;其中,高度适生区主要集中在长江流域棉区的湖南、江西、浙江、安徽、江苏、湖北,此区域也适宜朱槿的种植。因此,华南地区已流行危害的木尔坦棉花曲叶病毒向北入侵到我国棉花主产区的风险极高,其中长江流域棉区将是该病害发生及防控的重点区域。     

甘薯毁灭性病毒病害(SPVD)的研究进展

甘薯病毒病害(Sweetpotato virus diseases，SPVD)是由甘薯羽状斑驳病毒(Sweetpotato feathery mottle virus，SPFMV)和甘薯褪绿矮化病毒(Sweetpotato chlorotic stunt virus，SPCSV)双重感染和协同互作引起的甘薯毁灭性病毒病。该病害自2012年在中国发现以来扩展迅速，2015年给广东省湛江市甘薯生产造成了巨大的经济损失。为了加强甘薯病毒病的防控，降低其带来的损失，文章归纳了SPVD分布范围及危害，分别总结了SPFMV和SPCSV的基因结构与功能、传播方式、主要的检测手段，认为发病严重地区可以从探明病毒株系种类切入、从SPCSV与SPFMV协生作用的分子机理深入，实现及时检测、及早预防和甘薯无毒化栽培。     

甘薯和巴西牵牛18S rRNA基因的克隆和序列分析

【研究目的】为甘薯和侵染甘薯病毒的基因表达研究提供内参基因序列信息。【方法】分别以‘商薯19’、‘北京553’两甘薯品种和巴西牵牛的基因组DNA为模板,利用PCR方法克隆甘薯和巴西牵牛18S rRNA基因序列。【结果】测序结果表明,获得的供试两甘薯品种和巴西牵牛的18S rRNA基因序列长度均为1630 bp;序列比对结果表明,甘薯和巴西牵牛与裂叶牵牛、烟草等双子叶植物的18S rRNA基因相应序列的一致性均达98%以上,与单子叶植物Lilium superbum的18S rRNA基因序列也有较高的一致性。【结论】从两甘薯品种和巴西牵牛的基因组中克隆出了18S rRNA基因部分序列,研究结果不仅为利用18S rRNA基因作为内参基因分析甘薯和侵染甘薯病毒基因的表达研究提供了序列依据,而且可为甘薯和巴西牵牛的分子系统学研究提供序列参考。     

甘薯脱毒薯生产技术体系探讨

甘薯(Ipomoea batatas(L.)Lam.)是我国重要的粮食作物之一,也是重要的工业原料和饲料作物.然而由于受到病毒的感染,造成了生产上多年使用的品种发生了大幅度的退化减产,品质下降.我国现在已发现的主要的病毒有甘薯羽状斑驳病毒(SPFMV),甘薯潜隐病毒(SPLV)和甘薯褪绿斑病毒(SPCFV),病株症状表现为皱缩花叶型,并为高温隐症现象.调查表明,大多数甘薯田块植株的病毒感染率达到60%～70%,有的甚至达到90%,感病的品种减产幅度达30%～50%,甘薯病毒病已成为提高甘薯产量和品质的主要制约因素.在目前植物病毒病仍无特效药防治的情况下,通过茎尖分生组织培养脱毒苗是防治甘薯病毒病的有效途径.为了使甘薯脱毒技术在生产中得以更为广泛的普及,现对甘薯脱毒薯的整个生产技术体系作如下探讨.     

陕西省甘薯病毒病害(SPVD)发生现状及种类鉴定

为明确陕西省甘薯病毒病害发生范围及严重程度等，以陕西省西安、咸阳、渭南、榆林、商洛、安康和宝鸡等7市采集到的98个疑似甘薯病毒病害样品，用多重RT-PCR检测方法对甘薯病毒病害(Sweet potato virus disease, SPVD)进行快速检测。结果显示，样品病毒总检出率为52.04%，38个样品检测到甘薯褪绿矮化病毒(Sweet potato chlorotic stunt virus，SPCSV)，占38.78%；25个样品检测到甘薯羽状斑驳病毒(Sweet potato feathery mottle virus，SPFMV)，占25.52%；检测到病毒的51个样品中，有38个样品为单一病毒侵染，13个样品为两种病毒复合侵染，即SPVD检出率为13.27%；除咸阳市没有检出SPFMV-CH2株系外，其余6个地市均检测到SPCSV及SPFMV-CH和CH2株系。46个育种材料中，2个材料检测到SPCSV，检出率为4.35%。说明SPVD已在陕西省普遍发生，且发病情况较为严重。     

河北省又取得一批植保农药类科研成果

<正>(接上期)4.利用巴西牵牛试管苗微嫁接技术检测甘薯病毒研究单位名称:邯郸市农业科学院评价单位名称:河北省科技成果转化服务中心课题利用巴西牵牛(I.Setosa)茎尖生长点为外植体,通过腋芽再生繁殖途径,对巴西牵牛成功进行了组织培养与快速繁殖。利用巴西牵牛试管苗的带叶茎段和甘薯试管苗的带     

番薯属甘薯与牵牛EST-SSR标记开发及通用性分析

通过对番薯(Ipomoea)属的12 812条甘薯和28 422条牵牛EST唯一序列进行检索分析,在319条甘薯EST序列中发现了共328个EST-SSRs,平均每20.41 kb出现1个甘薯SSR;在936条牵牛EST序列中发现962个EST-SSRs,平均每17.87 kb出现1个SSR;在检索到的甘薯和牵牛EST-SSRs中,二核苷酸重复类型的SSR最多,分别占各自检索总数的44.51%和40.64%。利用SSR-ESTs分别设计了36对甘薯EST-SSR引物和92对牵牛EST-SSR引物,其中有28对甘薯引物在8个甘薯品种中有扩增产物,13对引物扩增产物具有多态性,多态性引物占所设计甘薯引物的36.1%;42对牵牛EST-SSR引物在甘薯基因组中可以扩增出清晰的条带,其中19对有表现较好的多态性,占设计的牵牛EST-SSR引物的20.7%。结果表明,牵牛EST-SSR标记在甘薯上具有通用性,可用于甘薯基因组多样性分析。     

基于SCoT分子标记的甘薯及其野生种遗传多样性分析

为揭示甘薯及其野生种之间的遗传多样性,分析甘薯及其野生种之间的遗传关系,利用SCoT分子标记对22份甘薯及其野生种三浅裂野牵牛和三裂叶薯的PCR扩增结果、遗传多样性、进化关系、群体结构进行分析。结果表明:43条SCoT引物共检测到278条稳定条带,每条引物可检测4～12个条带;SCoT-8、SCoT-20、SCoT-26、SCoT-36、SCoT-35 5条引物多态性丰富,可用于甘薯及其野生种研究的分子标记。基于分子标记的遗传多样性分析表明,三浅裂野牵牛的遗传多样性最高,甘薯次之,三裂叶薯最小。遗传聚类和群体遗传结构分析结果将参试22份种质材料分为三大类群,各材料归类基本和其所属物种一致,不同物种间的血缘交流少,遗传组成相对单一,比较而言,甘薯与三浅裂野牵牛之间的血缘交流比三裂叶薯之间的血缘交流多,其与三浅裂野牵牛之间的遗传关系较三裂叶薯更近。综上,研究结果初步证明SCoT分子标记在甘薯进化研究中具有潜在应用价值,同时揭示了甘薯与其近缘野生种之间的不同遗传关系,为今后甘薯育种中引入三浅裂野牵牛等野生种血缘,提高甘薯遗传多样性提供了理论支持。     

脱毒甘薯的利用及防止种薯再侵染技术

脱毒甘薯的利用及防止种薯再侵染技术邢继英,杨永嘉(江苏省徐州市农业科学研究所221121)病毒病是甘薯的重要病害,目前生产上应用的栽培品种普遍感染病毒,是造成甘薯产量低、质量差的重要原因。甘薯病毒病种类较多(目前世界上已报道的近20种),传毒方式复杂……     

作物病虫害分类介绍及其防治图谱——马铃薯病毒病及其防治图谱

<正>马铃薯病毒病所致的种薯严重退化,产量锐减,我国大部分马铃薯产区都可严重发生,一般减产20%~50%,严重的可减产80%以上,给生产带来严重威胁,目前已成为发展马铃薯生产的最大障碍和主要病害之一。发病原因:引起马铃薯病毒病的病原目前可查的有20多种病毒,其中线形病毒粒体的马铃薯X病毒(图1)在马铃薯上引起轻花叶症;马铃薯Y病毒(图2)可引起严重花叶或坏死斑和坏死条斑,病毒粒体线形;Y病毒与X病毒混合侵染时呈现严重的皱缩花叶及矮化症。我国发生的     

Selection of new sweet potato genotypes based on production parameters,physical root characteristics and resistance to Euscepes postfasciatus

Journal of Crop Science and Biotechnology - Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.) is a root that allows healthy eating and combats malnutrition. There is a need for more productive sweet potato...     

Genomic variation and genetic relationships in Ipomoea spp.

Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers were used to develop genetic fingerprints and analyse genetic relationships among 29 Ipomoea accessions from different geographical locations around the world, including unique wild species, and reproducible profiles were obtained for all accessions using random decamer primers. The primers generated 46 polymorphic markers, one primer alone having 10 products, enabling the discrimination of all 29 accessions. A high level of genetic variability in sweet potato collections was suggested by the degree of polymorphism. Half of the Japanese land races were closely related while accessions from Papua New Guinea and The Philippines were distinct and exhibited the greatest genetic diversity. The wild species Ipomoea gracilis and Ipomoea tiliacea formed a group distinct from the cultivated sweet potato. The wild tetraploid accession K233 and the species Ipomoea trifida were progressively more related genetically to the cultivated sweet potato and are the probable progenitors of Ipomoea batatas, and may be suitable as germplasm for genetic enhancement. RAPDs proved to be useful for sweet potato systematics and should be valuable for germplasm management, gene tagging and efficient choice of parents in breeding programmes.     

中国甘薯小象甲的rDNA ITS-1遗传变异及入侵来源研究

甘薯小象甲是国内外重要检疫性害虫,明确中国不同地区甘薯小象甲的遗传多样性可为甘薯小象甲的鉴别检疫提供依据。本文通过对中国6个地区甘薯小象甲种群rDNA ITS-1序列的遗传变异分析探讨了中国6个地区种群的入侵来源。结合世界其他地区已公布35个甘薯小象甲种群序列,经系统发育分析表明,甘薯小象甲起源于印度次大陆,在亚洲地区随甘薯的调运而自东南向西北扩展,构建的系统发育树分为印度地区分支和亚洲东部分支两个大的分支,而亚洲东部分支又进一步划分为东南部和东北部两个亚支,中国的甘薯小象甲种群分别位于东北部分支的两个亚分支上,说明中国6个地区甘薯小象甲种群至少通过两个不同地区侵入中国,并在中国定居。     

甘薯系列产品的加工

综述了甘薯系列产品的加工技术,如甘薯全粉、甘薯膳食纤维奶粉、脱水甘薯的产品特性及工艺条件和方法。     

甘薯的营养保健及其加工现状

甘薯是我国主要的粮食作物之一,营养丰富,具有抗癌、抗氧化及增强免疫等功能,在国内外均得到消费者的青睐,成为"明星食物"之一。随着对甘薯的深入研究和人们对甘薯的需求越来越大,市场上出现了各种各样的甘薯加工制品。对甘薯营养保健及我国甘薯食品的加工现状进行了综述。     

甘薯病毒病防控措施研究进展与展望

甘薯病毒病是甘薯生产中面临的严重威胁,对我国甘薯产业的发展具有极大的危害。目前,生产上常用的防控甘薯病毒病的措施有切断病毒传染源、杀灭病毒传播的生物介质、脱毒甘薯的培养及应用、抗病毒制剂的使用、抗病毒育种、弱毒株系交叉保护等。综述了甘薯病毒病的防控措施、抗病虫农药的发展、抗病毒新品种的培育,及其应用前景。     

Identification of molecular markers associated with sweet potato resistance to sweet potato virus disease in Kenya

Sweet potato virus disease (SPVD), a result of the co-infection of whitefly transmitted Sweet potato chlorotic stunt virus (genus Crinivirus, family Closteroviridae) and the aphid transmitted Sweet potato feathery mottle virus (genus Potyvirus, family Potyviridae), is the most destructive disease of sweet potato in East Africa. A study was conducted to establish if genotypes identified as resistant or susceptible to SPVD in Kenya could be distinguished using molecular markers. A total of 47 unrelated sweet potato genotypes were selected from germplasm collections and classified into two phenotypic groups as resistant or susceptible to SPVD. Genotype selection was based on disease severity or days to symptom development in plants following graft inoculation. Amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) marker profiles were generated for each individual and used in association studies to identify markers suitable for classifying the two pre-defined phenotypic groups. Analysis of molecular variance showed significant (P < 0.002) variation between the two groups using 206 polymorphic AFLP markers. Discriminant analysis and logistic regression statistical methods were used to select informative markers, and to develop models that would classify the two phenotypic groups. A training set of 30 genotypes consisting of 15 resistant and 15 susceptible were used to develop classification models. The remaining 17 genotypes were used as a test set. Four markers, which gave 100% correct classification of the training set and 94% correct classification of the test set, were selected by both statistical methods.     

Stimulation of adventitious bud production in detached sweet potato leaves by high levels of nitrogen supply

Summary Treatment of rooted sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.) leaves with high levels of nitrate-nitrogen supply (210 ppm) in sand culture, stimulates the development of adventitious buds and shoots. Up to six adventitious shoots have been produced on a single rooted leaf, grown at 210 ppm NO₃–N. The method may be useful in the production of non-chimeral mutants in mutagenic breeding of sweet potato. It is being used to study physiological factors affecting bud and shoot development as well as tuberisation, as they influence the longevity of the rooted leaf. The method is also being investigated as a technique for the conservation and rapid multiplication of sweet potato genetic resources.     

Difference in Allelopathic Potential as Influenced by Root Periderm Colour of Sweet Potato (Ipomoea batatas)

Laboratory bioassay and high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis were conducted to determine the allelopathic potentials of aqueous or methanol extracts from three different coloured sweet potato [Ipomoea batatas L. (Lam)] cultivars by plant part. The aqueous extracts applied on filter paper significantly inhibited root growth of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.). Aqueous leaf leachates at 40 g dry tissue l^?1 (g l^?1) from white sweet potato cultivar ‘Sinyulmi’ showed the highest inhibition against alfalfa, followed by yellow ‘Sinhwangmi’ and purple ‘Jami’. Alfalfa root growth was significantly inhibited by methanol extracts of the same plants as the concentration increased. Aqueous and methanol extracts from leaves showed the most inhibitory effect on alfalfa root growth followed by stems and roots. By means of HPLC analysis, leaf samples of sweet potato had the highest amount of phenolic compounds followed by stems and roots. Total content of these compounds was highest for leaf extracts (37.7 mg 100 g^?1), detected in EtOAc fraction, especially trans‐cinnamic acid (20.9 mg 100 g^?1). These results suggest that sweet potato plants are allelopathic and that their activities differ depending on plant part as well as root periderm colour.