日本落叶松无性系早期选择研究

从参试的77个无性系中选出72个无性系进行方差分析,结果表明:日本落叶松无性系间在树高、胸径生长上均存在极显著差异。同对照相比,树高、胸径生长达显著或极显著差异的有15个无性系;树高和胸径同时达显著或极显著差异的有8个无性系,其中F0—19、中1—2这两个无性系树高和胸径均达极显著差异。采用指数选择法共初选无性系16个,其树高生长比对照提高33%~76%;胸径生长比对照提高26%~91%。     

东海岛沙质海岸木麻黄无性系的生长比较

在东海岛沙质海岸防护林营造中,选用木麻黄8 个优良无性系和1 个本地实生苗进行造林对比试验。结果表明:造林后第3 年起8 个无性系的树高生长均快于实生苗,其中无性系“503”树高生长一直保持最快;随着时间的推移,无性系间树高生长差异有逐步缩小的趋势;到第5 年“503”树高生长与其他7 个无性系已无显著差异,只显著快于实生苗。4 年生前木麻黄各无性系间的胸径生长无显著差异,从第5 年起无性系“南三7”与实生苗的生长差异显著,此后,8 个无性系全部超过实生苗。     

红松优良无性系选择技术研究

选择生长、结实、子代因子,采用q检验和多性状综合评定方法对34年红松无性系分别进行无性系测定,结果表明:按无性系生长因子为标准,综合选择出16个无性系为优良无性系,占参试无性系的29%;按生长、结实因子为标准,综合选择出22个无性系为优良无性系,占参试无性系的47. 8%;按生长、结实、子代因子为标准,综合选择出16个无性系为优良无性系,占参试无性系的48. 5%。     

北美杂交杨无性系扦插苗生长比较

在北京对新引进的30个杂交杨无性系1 a生扦插苗的生长进行了初步研究。依据苗高、地径和树干生物量3指标可将引种无性系分为4组:第1组由XMH-11、XMH-12、DMH-4、DMH-3组成,其高生长快,地径生长慢,生物量低;第2组包括XMH-7、HE-1、HE-3、MH-8、MH-5、MH-2、XMH-4、XMH-10、HY-1共9个无性系,其生长特点是:苗高、地径生长快,生物产量高;第3组包括HE-4、XMH-8、MH-3、MH-7、MH-4、MH-8、MH-35、MH-6、XMH-9、MH-9共10个无性系,其苗高、地径和生物量处于中等;第4组包括DMH-1、XMH-5、XMH-6、HE-2、XMH-3、MH-1、DMH-2共7个无性系,它们的苗高、地径和生物量均小。从第12、组中选育适生优良无性系的机会较大,可将这13个无性系列为重点试验对象;第3组的无性系在生长方面的表现中等,可结合其他育种目标进行良种选育。     

刺槐无性系材性遗传变异及其建筑材无性系选择研究

对8年生刺槐优良无性系区试林的15个无性系进行了格性遗传变异分析，遗传参数的估算，性状相关遗传力分析。且按照建筑材主要材性要求，对无性系的生长、材性进行综合评价，筛选出皖8、鲁7等7个无性系为生长速度较快、材质优良的刺槐建筑材无性系。     

木麻黄无性系造林对比试验

文章运用方差分析、遗传参数估算、相关分析等方法对3.5年生42个木麻黄无性系试验林进行了优良无性系的筛选。结果表明：7个性状在无性系间均有极显著差异;树高、胸径、地径的重复力较高,分别为0.809、0.758、0.737,选择具有较好的效果;遗传相关分析显示,地径、树高、冠幅、通直度这4个性状之间存在遗传高度相关性;树高与冠幅早晚期相关分析显示,遗传相关和表型相关的强度趋势一致,而且遗传相关系数值要大于表型相关系数值。最后,筛选出8个生长迅速、适应性强的优良无性系及4个抗逆性强、冠幅开展,但树高、胸径生长相对缓慢的无性系。高径生长缓慢的无性系可用于与生长迅速的无性系材料进行混交,形成高低错落有致的复层混交结构,提高林分的防护功能。     

大青杨优良无性系选择试验研究

以东丰试验点的13年生大青杨无性系评比林为试验材料,通过生长指标、物候期、干型及抗性等调查和综合分析,初步选择出L18和N8两个无性系为适宜试验地及毗邻地区生长的优良品系。结果表明,L18和N8两个无性系树干通直,抗性较强,无病虫危害,平均树高生长量分别超过参试无性系平均值16.9%和16.5%,平均胸径生长量分别超过参试无性系平均值37.9%和40.2%。     

台湾桤木11个无性系苗期生长表现

11个台湾桤木无性系苗期地径生长、苗高生长有显著或极显著差异,显示该无性系群体未来有一定选择潜力;地径生长、苗高生长具有较高的重复力,地径、苗高的重复力高达0.895 00、.865 8,开展以地径、苗高为主的无性系多性状综合选择能收到良好的效果。     

湖南杉木优良无性系在福建洋口的表现

通过对湖南省优选出的杉木 1 8个无性系子代测定 ,结果表明 :无性系间在树高、胸径和材积生长性状及与环境的交互作用存在极显著差异。无性系间生长快慢差异较大 ,对环境的反应很敏感。无性系群体平均生长量差于我省初级种子园混系子代。因此 ,在选择应用杉木无性系时要谨慎 ,须经本地测定确实优良的无性系才能推广应用     

巨桉无性系间生长性状、材性变异规律及优良无性系选择

巨桉是我国目前最重要的纸浆用材树种之一.为揭示其无性系间的生长和材性指标的变异规律,为桉树的林木改良、定向培育及合理高效利用提供理论指导和参考依据, 对广西东门林场巨桉8个无性系生长和材性指标进行了全面测定,用数理统计方法,对所测数据进行了分析比较,同时用综合评选法筛选优良无性系.结果表明,巨桉8个无性系间的主要生长性状和材性差异均达到极显著水平(1%),无性系间同一解剖指标平均值的径向变异趋势基本相同,变异规律与无性系内株间的相似;初步筛选出G50和G52为巨桉的两个优良无性系.同时也强调了今后在进行林木改良时,要兼顾生长和材性两方面指标,既要重视无性系间变异,也要考虑无性系内的个体内和个体间的变异.     

Effects of flooding on growth of seedlings of woody riparian species

The effects of flooding on growth of seedlings were compared over a 7-month period (April–November) among six different woody species: Aesculus turbinata, Cercidiphyllum japonicum, Fraxinus platypoda, Pterocarya rhoifolia, Pterostyrax hispida, and Quercus mongolica var. grosseserrata. Flooding reduced the shoot length of F. platypoda, P. rhoifolia, C. japonicum, P. hispida, and Q. mongolica var. grosseserrata seedlings but did not affect that of A. turbinata seedlings. Among control seedlings, shoot elongation occurred once in A. turbinata and twice in F. platypoda and Q. mongolica var. grosseserrata; the other species continued to grow from April to August. Among the flooded plants of all species, shoot elongation occurred only once at the beginning of the growing season. On August 25, flooding significantly reduced the number of developed leaves as compared with control plants except for A. turbinata. In the flooded plants except for F. platypoda, leaf fall began on June 30; in controls, by contrast, the number of developed leaves increased until August 25. Flooding reduced the total dry weight increment in all species. The survival ratio of flooded plants after the experiment differed with species. All of the F. platypoda and A. turbinata seedlings survived the flooding treatment, while only 20% of P. hispida and 30% of Q. mongolica var. grosseserrata survived. Flooding seriously affected the growth of riparian pioneer species including P. rhoifolia, C. japonicum, P. hispida, and Q. mongolica var. grosseserrata. The effects of flooding on growth of the seedlings differed with the tree species because of differences in leaf-emergence pattern and physiological flood tolerance. The responses of tree seedlings to flooding reflected species habitats and growth patterns.     

Measurement of the dynamic modulus of elasticity of wood panels

This study investigated the dynamic modulus of elasticity (DMOE) of wood panels of Fraxinus mandshurica, Pinus koraiensis, and Juglans mandshurica using the natural frequency measurement system of fast Fourier transform (FFT). The results were compared with the static modulus of elasticity (E _S) tested by a mechanical test machine. The results show a significant correlation between E _S, transverse vibration DMOE (E _F), and longitudinal vibration DMOE (E _L). For all of these species, the correlation between E _S, E _F and E _L is more significant than the individual species, which indicated that the FFT method is universal. The correlations between E _S and sample’s density (ρ) are significant, but the correlation coefficient of E _S and ρ is lower than those between E _F, E _L and E _S. The E _S of wood is more accurately tested by the analysis based on FFT measurement than by the estimation based on density. __________ Translated from Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2005, 41(6): 126–131 [译自: 林业科学, 2005, 41(6): 126–131]     

黄河小浪底库区山地栓皮栎人工林土壤呼吸的季节动态

[目的]分离并量化土壤自养呼吸和异养呼吸,探讨各自贡献率及其随季节变化的动态特征。[方法]采用壕沟法和气体红外分析法,研究黄河小浪底库区山地栓皮栎人工林土壤总呼吸、自养呼吸和异养呼吸速率的季节动态变化、贡献率和环境影响因子。[结果]表明:栓皮栎人工林总土壤呼吸、自养呼吸和异养呼吸均呈夏季速率高、冬季速率低。栓皮栎土壤总呼吸、自养呼吸及异养呼吸速率与5 cm土壤温度均呈极显著指数相关,温度敏感性系数Q_(10)值大小为自养呼吸(3.40)异养呼吸(2.90)土壤总呼吸(2.45);栓皮栎土壤总呼吸、自养呼吸、异养呼吸速率与0 10 cm土壤体积含水量均显著线性相关;土壤总呼吸、自养呼吸速率与0 10 cm土壤电导率显著相关。土壤总呼吸和异养呼吸的温度敏感系数Q_(10)值均在冬季最大,夏秋季最小;而自养呼吸的Q_(10)值则呈相反的变化趋势。栓皮栎人工林自养呼吸和异养呼吸对土壤总呼吸的月贡献率为13.23%37.33%和62.67%86.76%,且自养呼吸的贡献率与土壤温度的季节变化规律相似。土壤总呼吸、异养呼吸与自养呼吸的CO2年通量分别为1 616.41、1 199.39、417.02 g·m~(-2)·a~(-1)。[结论]经过区分与定量化土壤总呼吸及其组分,确定异养呼吸为本研究区栓皮栎人工林土壤总呼吸的主要组分,作用于异养呼吸的生物与非生物因子均能显著影响整个森林生态系统表层CO_2总排放通量的大小,进一步为该研究区森林生态系统碳循环与能量流动的进一步量化研究提供参考。     

Technologies of liquefaction of bamboo and preparation of adhesive

The technology of liquefying processed-waste bamboo with phenol is investigated by single factor trials and an orthogonal design. We studied the preparation technology and properties of adhesives from this phenol-liquefied bamboo with formaldehyde (BPF). The results show that temperature has a significant effect on liquefaction. The effect of the mass ratio of phenol to bamboo comes second and the catalyst dosage within the range of 2%–4% is the least effective. The optimum conditions of liquefaction are as follows: a mass ratio of phenol to bamboo 3.5, a catalyst dosage of 4%, liquefying temperature 145°C and liquefying time 60 min. The liquefaction rate of bamboo reached 99.1%. For the preparation of the adhesive, a mass ratio of liquefied bamboo products to formaldehyde (37%) is 100 to 164.8–199.5, while the ratio 100 to 108.2 is the best. This adhesive has a lower curing temperature than that of normal PF resin. At a hot-press temperature of 130 or 140°C, this new adhesive provides excellent bonding strength of plywood. The most favorable temperature for hot-pressing is 140°C. __________ Translated from Chemistry and Industry of Forest Products, 2007, 27(6): 65–70 [译自: 林产化学与工业]     

大花葵花色苷抑菌功能研究

本项研究通过采用固体培养和液体培养的试验方法,进行大花葵花(Malvasylvestris)色苷对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌和黑曲霉的抑菌试验。结果表明:大花葵花色苷对金黄色葡萄球菌有很强的抑制作用,而对大肠杆菌和黑曲霉没有抑制现象发生。在固体培养试验中大花葵花色苷随着浓度的增加,对金黄色葡萄球菌的抑制程度越大,当大花葵花色苷浓度为10g/L时抑菌圈平均直径为6mm,当浓度增加至30g/L时,抑菌圈平均直径为16mm。而且,高浓度的大花葵花色苷溶液对金黄色葡萄球菌有长时间的抑制作用。     

CONTROL TECHNIQUE OF BACTERIAL CANKER OF POPLAR

The poplar bacterial canker caused by Erwinia sp is a serious disease spreading inmost parts of Northeast China,where poplars are cultivalted.The disease seriously infects thosepoplars belonging to section Aigeiros or the intersection hybrids of section Tacamahaca and section Aigeiros and their clones.Five fine poplar cultivars resistant to the bacterial canker have been ob-tained by screening tests.They are Lz_2(Populus simonii×nigra var.italica),A_(15)(P.×sp.)613(P.×sp.),A_(102)and A_(98)(P.simonii×sp.)T following chemicals are obviously effective,such as:50％DT germicide ,40％ XF-136 and 10％ C.C.M.A.or 12.5％ ramphencol and 50,000 ppm/mlvalidamycin,with which the stems or roots can be watered.     

南北样带温带区栎属树种幼苗功能性状的变异研究

植物功能性状由生境条件和遗传因素共同决定,田间控制实验能够揭示植物功能性状在种内和种间的变异程度.采集南北样带温带区8个地点6种栎属树种的种子,通过田间栽培试验,以均一环境下1年生幼苗为对象,研究比较种内及种间比叶重、单位叶面积光合速率、单位叶重量光合速率、总干物质含量和根冠比5种功能性状的变化差异,并且分析幼苗功能性状与种子性状的关系.结果发现:栎属树种种间幼苗的功能性状变异系数高于种内,并且种内功能性状的差异较小,种间差异性较大,而比叶重和叶片光合速率无论在种间还是种内,其变异率都较小;总干物质量和根冠比与种子质量显著相关,随种子质量增加幼苗的总干物质量和根冠比呈现增加的趋势,比叶重和叶片光合速率与种子质量的相关性较小.     

对印度亚热带潮湿气候中的多种用途树叶作为草料的质量评价(英文)

多种用途树种和灌木在农业系统中有重要的作用,在减少饲料供求矛盾和补充世界各地饲料赤字,提高动物生产力方面有很大的潜力。同时,评价草料各种营养特性,利于生产定量平衡的饲料。评价12种多种用途树种(Acacia auri-culiformis,Albizzia procera,Dalbergia sissoo,Gliricidia macu-lata,Leucaena leucocephala,Samanea saman,Azadirachta in-dica,Eucalyptus hybrida,Gmelina arborea,Michelia champaca,Morus alba,和Tectona grandis)的树叶的营养特性,其中分别包括6种豆科和非豆科树种,指标包括:常规成分,细胞壁成分,总鞣质含量,大量(Ca和P)与微量元素(Fe,Cu,Zn,Mn和Co)含量,干物质体外消化率与有机物消化率以及代谢能量值。结果表明上述各参数都有明显的差异。有机物,粗蛋白质含量,石油醚提取物总量,粗纤维含量,无氮浸出物,总灰分的平均值分别为:(92.02±0.30)%,(16.00±0.74)%,(3.05±0.13)%,(18.97±1.07)%,(54.00±1.12)%和(7.98±0.30)%。豆科树种较非豆科树种有更高的粗蛋白质含量(18.30%和13.70%)。细胞壁成分中的中性洗涤纤维素,酸性洗涤纤维,半纤维,纤维素,酸性木质素含量平均值分别为:(52.48±1.05)%,(31.72±0.97)%,(20.76±0.88)%,(16.97±0.70)%和(9.57±0.62)%。总鞣质含量为(4.22±0.32)%。Ca与P之比合理,多种树种叶中Fe和Mn含量丰富,P,Cu,Zn和Co水平低于标准水平含量。干物质体外消化率与有机物消化率平均值分别为(48.96±1.30)%和(50.69±1.36)%。代谢能量值为(6.95±0.11)MJ·kg-1。粗蛋白质含量与干物质体外消化率与有机物消化率和代谢能量值成正相关;而这三个参数与中性洗涤纤维素,酸性洗涤纤维,和酸性木质素含量成负相关。结果表明:银合欢可作为优良饲料的树种,因为它具有最高的干物质体外消化率与有机物消化率以及代谢能量值(65.20%,67.66%和7.95MJ·kg-1),而Gliricidia maculata,Morus alba,Azadirachta indica,Dalbergia sissoo和Samanea saman可做较好类型饲料的树种,其它树种做饲料质量差。     

Possibility of grouping of Cyclobalanopsis species (Fagaceae) grown in Japan based on an analysis of several regions of chloroplast DNA

Four regions of chloroplast DNA were sequenced as a prospective genetic marker to identify Japanese representatives of Cyclobalanopsis: Quercus acuta, Q. sessilifolia, Q. salicina, Q. myrsinaefolia, Q. glauca, and Q. gilva. We found that Q. gilva was distinguished from other species based on both the trnL-trnF and trnT-trnL intergenic spacers. The evidence shows good coincidence with the fact that Q. gilva has several peculiar morphological features distinguishable from those of other species. There was no difference in trnL intron and matK. Both trnT-trnL and trnL-trnF intergenic spacers are capable of being used as genetic markers to identify Q. gilva among Cyclobalanopsis species.Part of this paper was presented at the 48th annual meeting of the Japan Wood Research Society, Shizuoka, April 3–5, 1998     

海南尖峰岭两类人工林中天然更新群落特征研究

25-years-old Cunninghamia lanceolata forests and 18-years-old Acacia mangium forests in Jianfengling of Hainan Province were surveyed to assess the structures and species diversity of naturally-regenerated plants. The results showed that there were 131 species in C. lanceolata forests, attributed to 100 genera and 51 families. The dominant species were Gironniera subaequalis, Schima superba, Pertusadina metcalfii and Polyspora hainanensis. There were 62 species in A. mangium forests, attributed to 59 genera and 33 families. The dominant species were Acronychia pedunculata, Tetradium glabrifolium, Machilus chinensis, Gironniera subaequalis and Toxicodendron succedaneum. The species richness, Simpson index and Shannon-Wiener index for naturally-regenerated plants in C. lanceolata forests were 76.67±11.02, 0.94±0.04 and 3.50±0.49,while those in A. mangium forests were 39.00±8.54, 0.91±0.04 and 3.05±0.27. The Sørensen species similarity for naturally-regenerated plants of the two forests was 0.50, with a increasing age structure. The mean density, height and dbh for adult trees of naturally-regenerated components of C. lanceolata forests were significantly lower than A. mangium forests; while the mean density and height of small tress of naturally-regenerated components of C. lanceolata forests were significantly higher than A. mangium forests. The study indicated that the naturally-regenerated plant species increased, and the forest structures became complex with the regeneration of both C. lanceolata and A. mangium forests. These two pure plantations will become old-growth natural forests with the forest succession.