木薯抗旱相关miRNA表达差异分析

对2个木薯(Manihot esculenta Crantz)品种SC124和KU50进行驯化和非驯化干旱处理,利用实时荧光定量PCR技术(qPCR)取样2个部位的3个时间点,对5个miRNA进行表达差异研究。结果显示,5个miRNA具有不同的表达形式,miRNA 171 ab和398 b经过驯化后诱导(DH)条件下表达,miRNA 166 a在直接干旱处理(DNH)条件下的功能叶中有表达,而驯化后诱导条件下只在根中有表达;miRNA 390 b和399 e在2种干旱处理方式中都有表达,经过驯化后表达量也明显增加。通过对不同处理、部位和时间点上的表达情况分析,表明miRNA具有明显的品种特异性、组织特异性和时序性。     

木薯耐寒相关microRNA的差异表达分析

采用荧光实时定量PCR(quantitative Real Time-PCR,qRT-PCR)技术对低温胁迫处理及对照的两个木薯品种C4和KU50材料进行差异表达分析。结果表明,该6个miRNA在胁迫材料与对照中的表达不同,不同品种及器官中也存在差异表达,且6个miRNA属于受低温诱导与上游调节基因相关的miRNA,这将成为今后研究的主要对象。     

木署中miR393的RT-PCR鉴定及前体的克隆与结构分析

研究木薯中表达的miRNA对深入探明木薯生长发育的调控机制具有十分重要的意义.通过RT-PCR证实木薯中有miR393的表达.采用比较基因组学的方法,从木薯基因组DNA中克隆到miR393的前体,对该miRNA前体的二级结构及与其它物种序列的同源性进行分析,结果表明,miR393前体序列在不同物种间保守性不高,但成熟的...     

干旱胁迫对木薯K+、Ca2+和ABA的影响

为了研究干旱胁迫木薯K+、Ca2+和ABA对干旱胁迫的响应及其变化规律,对2个品种的木薯SC124（高抗）和KU50（低抗）进行对照、驯化、非驯化旱害和驯化旱害等不同方式的干旱处理。研究发现2个木薯品种中,干旱胁迫对叶片K+和ABA的含量影响较大,而Ca2+含量变化较小;SC124在驯化和非驯化处理下的K+含量发生显著变化;ABA的含量在2个品种中的驯化干旱和非驯化干旱中变化显著,且变化趋势不同;干旱胁迫下,ABA、K+和Ca2+之间存在显著相关性。     

不同品种木薯叶绿体比较蛋白质组学初步研究

以“华南8号”木薯(SC8)和“华南124号”木薯(SC124)的叶绿体作为研究材料,采用改进酚抽提法提取蛋白,通过单向SDS-PAGE电泳和双向SDS-PAGE电泳,比较不同木薯品种叶绿体的蛋白表达谱,并对表达的差异蛋白进行MALDI-TOF MS质谱鉴定,获得15个差异蛋白,其中有6个蛋白在SC124木薯叶绿体中表达较高,9个蛋白表达很低.对蛋白进行功能分析,发现差异蛋白主要参与蛋白翻译后修饰、周转、分子伴侣、碳水化合物运输等过程.通过RT-PCR验证了木薯核酮糖1.5-二磷酸羧化酶、ATP合酶β亚基的基因表达情况,结果表明,ATP合酶β亚基基因表达与蛋白质的表达比较一致,而核酮糖1,5-二磷酸羧化酶基因与蛋白质表达变化不一致.     

基于高通量测序筛选‘紫娟’花青素合成相关的miRNA

为筛选调控紫娟茶树花青素合成相关miRNA,以茶树品种紫娟(ZJ)、云抗10号(YK)和福鼎大白茶(FD)为材料,构建了miRNA文库。鉴定出46种已知的miRNAs和67种新的miRNAs,预测到具有注释的靶基因765个。通过差异表达分析,筛选出在ZJ与YK、ZJ与FD共有差异表达的miRNA24个。通过对24个差异表达miRNA的靶基因分析,筛选出可能参与调控花青素合成的miRNA 4个,包括miR828a、miR845c、novel_14和novel_87,其预测的靶基因包括转录因子基因MYB4、MYB23、MYB26、MYB82、bHLH74以及4-香豆酰辅酶A链接酶(4CL)、二氢黄酮醇4-还原酶(DFR)和UDP-葡萄糖黄酮3-O-葡糖基转移酶(UFGT)等基因。利用RT-PCR分析8个差异表达的miRNA,其结果与转录组分析一致。本研究结果为进一步开展茶树花青素生物合成的调控机制研究奠定基础。     

木薯块根膨大期韧皮部和木质部比较蛋白组学初步研究

以‘华南8号’木薯块根膨大期的韧皮部和木质部为材料,采用改进酚抽法提取总蛋白,进行一维和二维电泳,电泳图谱经Image Master分析,得到差异蛋白点进行质谱鉴定。结果表明:改进酚抽法可以从木薯块根韧皮部和木质部中提取高质量总蛋白,用于蛋白质组学研究;获得分离性好、分辨率及重复性较高的双向电泳图谱;比较木薯块根韧皮部和木质部双向电泳图谱发现265个差异表达蛋白点,其中29个在韧皮部特异表达,17个在木质部特异表达;成功鉴定出8种差异蛋白,这些蛋白主要参与翻译后修饰、无机离子和氨基酸转运代谢、分子伴侣和信号转导等代谢通路。本研究初步比较木薯块根韧皮部和木质部的蛋白表达差异性,为进一步从蛋白质组水平研究木薯块根膨大过程中淀粉转运、积累和合成调控机制奠定了技术基础。     

基于高通量测序筛选‘紫娟’花青素合成相关的miRNA

为筛选调控紫娟茶树花青素合成相关miRNA,以茶树品种紫娟（ZJ）、云抗10号（YK）和福鼎大白茶（FD）为材料,构建了miRNA文库。鉴定出46种已知的miRNAs和67种新的miRNAs,预测到具有注释的靶基因765个。通过差异表达分析,筛选出在ZJ与YK、ZJ与FD共有差异表达的miRNA 24个。通过对24个差异表达miRNA的靶基因分析,筛选出可能参与调控花青素合成的miRNA 4个,包括miR828a、miR845c、novel_14和novel_87,其预测的靶基因包括转录因子基因MYB4、MYB23、MYB26、MYB82、bHLH74以及4-香豆酰辅酶A链接酶（4CL）、二氢黄酮醇4-还原酶（DFR）和UDP-葡萄糖黄酮3-O-葡糖基转移酶（UFGT）等基因。利用RT-PCR分析8个差异表达的miRNA,其结果与转录组分析一致。本研究结果为进一步开展茶树花青素生物合成的调控机制研究奠定基础。     

二斑叶螨为害前后抗、感木薯转录组分析及水杨酸、茉莉酸途径差异表达基因验证

本研究通过比较二斑叶螨为害前后抗、感螨木薯品种转录组差异,筛选差异表达基因,并采用qPCR验证水杨酸、茉莉酸信号途径基因的差异表达。转录组分析结果表明,与螨害前相比,螨害1、8 d后,抗螨木薯品种C1115的差异表达基因为589、587个,感螨木薯品种BRA900的差异表达基因为1271、930个,C1115相对于BRA900的差异表达基因分别为383、251个。GO和KEGG富集分析发现这些差异表达基因主要显著集中在次生代谢物质合成、苯丙烷生物合成、类黄酮生物合成和氧化还原反应等过程。qPCR验证结果显示,二斑叶螨为害后,抗螨参照标准木薯品种C1115的水杨酸信号途径基因PAL2、4CL3、WRKY7和NPR3的表达量较为害前呈现先显著提高后降低的趋势,而感螨参照标准木薯品种BRA900中上述4个基因的表达始终维持在显著高于为害前的水平。受螨害后抗螨木薯C1115中茉莉酸信号途径基因JAR1、LOX2和OPR11的表达量也较为害前显著提高,而感螨木薯BRA900中这3个基因的表达量则降低至显著低于螨害前的水平,qPCR验证结果和转录组分析结果相一致。本研究结果表明,抗螨木薯品种C1115受螨害后能够同时激活水杨酸、茉莉酸信号途径以抵御二斑叶螨为害,为深入阐明木薯抗螨分子机理,选育和创制抗螨木薯品种提供了理论参考依据。     

低温驯化对木薯耐寒性形态、生理特性的影响

用相对耐寒的2个木薯品种华南124和Arg7为材料，设置14℃弱低温驯化后4℃伤害处理、非驯化直接4℃处理和25℃对照，观察和测定了木薯在低温驯化处理下的形态与生理变化。结果表明，该2个品种经低温驯化处理后比非驯化处理，植株形态损伤减轻，恢复正常温度后形态恢复力增强；叶片中的叶绿素含量下降延缓、脯氨酸含量增幅高而丙二醛含量指示的细胞膜破损变小；而在温度恢复过程中叶绿素含量、叶片脯氨酸含量增加均较快。形态与生理指数一致表明，弱低温驯化能够有效提高木薯对低温的适应能力及恢复能力。     

4条小麦保守MicroRNAs的表达谱分析及其靶基因预测

为鉴定与小麦发育相关的MicroRNA(miRNA)及了解其调控作用,在前期构建小麦5叶期幼苗、抽穗期旗叶及花后5、10和20 d籽粒的小RNA库并进行高通量测序的基础上,从小麦样品间有差异表达的miRNAs中选取4条丰度较高且差异表达明显的保守miRNAs序列(miR168、miR167、miR396和miR159),进行表达模式的半定量和实时定量RT-PCR验证及靶基因的预测分析。结果表明,4条miRNAs的表达量在旗叶中最高,在幼苗中次之,在正在发育的籽粒中较低,与测序数据大致相符。预测得到的靶基因都是可能参与小麦生长发育的基因。     

Protein,calcium, iron,and amino acid content of selected wild and domesticated cultivars of finger millet

Two wild and eight domesticated cultivars of finger millet were analyzed to determine their proximate composition and calcium, iron, and amino acid content. Wide variations were observed in the protein (mean values ranged from 7.5 to 11.7%), calcium (376 to 515 mg/100 g), and iron (3.7 to 6.8 mg/100 g) content of the wild and domesticated cultivars. A wild progenitor of finger millet, Ecoracana subsp.africana was significantly higher in protein than four of the six domesticated accessions analyzed. The calcium and iron content of the wild progenitor was also significantly greater than that of two domesticated cultivars. The wild species was also found to be higher in lysine and five other essential amino acids. These results indicate that the nutritional value of finger millet may be significantly improved by selective crossbreeding of the cereal's wild and domesticated cultivars.     

花生根部耐盐相关miRNAs的鉴定与功能分析

miRNAs作为一种基因表达调控子在植物应答胁迫的过程中起着重要的作用,当花生受到盐胁迫时,也会有相应的miRNAs参与基因表达调控应答胁迫。本研究对200份花生品种进行萌发期耐盐性鉴定,获得了高耐盐花生品种3份,中耐盐花生品种5份,盐高敏感品种4份。并对不同耐盐性花生品种在盐胁迫处理条件下进行了抗氧化酶活性(SOD,POD,CAT)和MDA含量的测定。结果表明,耐盐性花生品种清除活性氧的能力大于盐敏感型。盐胁迫条件下,耐盐性花生植株MDA含量较少,受到的伤害相对较小,而盐敏感植株的受伤害程度最大,也证明了耐盐性花生品种在受到盐胁迫伤害时植物体内存在更强大的保护作用。通过小RNA测序及对靶基因序列进行功能分析和同源序列功能检索,获得了8条花生耐盐相关保守miRNAs序列,miR159-1,miR159-2,miR159-3,miR164-2,miR167-3,miR319-1,miR319-2,miR2111-1。荧光定量PCR测定结果表明,这些花生保守miRNAs受盐胁迫诱导,并调控其靶基因的应答反应。     

玉米自交系X178、掖478授粉前后miRNA表达差异分析

基于HiSeq高通量测序技术并结合生物信息学方法对X178、掖478两种材料授粉前后两个时期穗已知miRNA及靶基因进行分析。结果发现,X178授粉前后差异表达miRNA有100个,分别属于21个miRNA家族;掖478授粉前后共筛选出98个有差异的miRNA,分别属于22个miRNA家族。利用miRNA与靶基因mRNA负调控关系初步确定授粉前后miRNA可能调控的mRNA靶点,建立miRNA-靶mRNA一一对应关系。结果表明,X178中上调表达的13个miRNA对应11个下调表达靶基因,下调表达的33个miRNA对应41个上调表达靶基因;掖478中上调表达的5个miRNA对应7个下调表达靶基因,下调表达的28个miRNA对应33个上调表达靶基因,其中,6个miRNA家族共靶向11种mRNA。研究结果表明,在授粉前后玉米穗中已知miRNA在不同玉米自交系中种类具有差异。     

向日葵锈病抗性相关microRNA的挖掘及其靶基因预测

前期利用高通量测序技术及生物信息学分析方法，在向日葵上预测筛选到10个差异表达的新microRNA （miRNA）可能与锈病抗性相关。本试验利用实时荧光定量PCR（qRT-PCR）技术，对筛选到的10个miRNA做进一 步的定量验证。结果表明，相比于水处理的健康叶片(对照组A)，接种锈菌300生理小种的叶片中（抗病组B）HanmiR21 、Han-miR25、Han-miR42表达量呈上调趋势，Han-miR11、Han-miR34、Han-miR43、Han-miR47、Han-miR67 表达量呈下调趋势；接种锈菌737生理小种的叶片中（感病组C）Han-miR25、Han-miR42的表达量呈上调趋势， Han-miR11、Han-miR21、Han-miR34、Han-miR43、Han-miR47、Han-miR67表达量呈下调趋势。qRT-PCR的检测 结果与前期高通量测序结果80%相一致。利用miRanda软件预测靶基因，10个miRNA共预测到117个靶基因，其 中86个靶基因获得其生物信息学功能注释。运用miRBase数据库，对10个新预测miRNA进行同源性分析发现，新 预测的10个miRNA与拟南芥、烟草、水稻等作物中参与病害逆境胁迫响应的miRNA有较高相似性（62%～100%）。 定量检测和验证miRNA作用的靶基因时发现，抗病组表达量上调的Han-miR21对应的靶基因有1个下调、表达量 下调的Han-miR43对应的靶基因有3个上调，符合miRNA与其靶基因互作的规律。     

Prediction and Expression Analysis of miRNAs Associated with Heat Stress in Oryza sativa简

Computational prediction of potential microRNAs (miRNAs) and their target genes was performed to identify the miRNAs and genes associated with temperature response in rice. The data of temperature-responsive miRNAs of Arabidopsis, and miRNAs and the whole genome data of rice were used to predict potential miRNAs in Oryza sativa involved in temperature response. A total of 55 miRNAs were common in both the species, and 27 miRNAs were predicted at the first time in rice. Target genes were searched for these 27 miRNAs in rice genome following stringent criteria. Real time PCR based on expression analysis of nine miRNAs showed that majority of the miRNAs were down regulated under heat stress for rice cultivar Nagina 22. Furthermore, miR169, miR1884 and miR160 showed differential expression in root and shoot tissues of rice. Identification and expression studies of miRNAs during heat stress will advance the understanding of gene regulation under stress in rice.     

Identification and Characterization of Drought Stress- Responsive Novel microRNAs in Dongxiang Wild Rice

MicroRNAs(miRNAs) are non-coding small RNAs, which play important regulatory roles in response to biotic and abiotic stresses. Dongxiang wild rice(Oryza rufipogon, DXWR) can survive in extreme drought environment, but its molecular mechanism of drought resistance is still largely unknown. To further explore miRNA regulatory mechanisms involved in drought resistance, we identified 138 novel miRNAs in DXWR using small RNA sequencing and bioinformatics approaches, and found that the expression levels of 67 novel miRNAs were significantly affected by drought stress. In total, 200 candidate target genes were predicted and annotated for the drought stress-responsive novel miRNAs. Gene Ontology(GO) analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG) pathways suggested that most of the target genes were related to metabolism. Stem-loop quantitative real-time PCR(qRT-PCR) results exhibited high concordance with sequencing data, which confirmed that miRNA expression patterns based on small RNA sequencing in the present study were reliable. Meanwhile, qRT-PCR validated the inverse expression patterns between several miRNAs and their target genes. These results will enhance our understanding of miRNA regulatory mechanisms in response to drought stress in DXWR, and can serve as an important reference for the protection and utilization of this valuable genetic resource.     

Protein,calcium, and iron content of wild and cultivated species ofEchinochloa

Two species ofEchinochloa millets and their direct wild ancestor species were analyzed for proximate composition, and amino acid, calcium, and iron content. Additionally, lactate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) was performed to separate and resolve prolamin polypeptide present in the wild and domesticated species. The protein, calcium, and iron content of the four species were comparable to or greater than in other major cereals. Calcium was higher in each of the wild species than their domesticated counterpart. Essential amino acid values for the three species analyzed were generally higher than the FAO/WHO standards, except for lysine. Densitometric analysis of lactate PAGE gels revealed that the domesticated species contained prolamin polypeptides that were either absent or present in smaller amounts in the wild species. The results indicate a wide variation in the content of examined nutrients and suggest that there is opportunity for improvement in the nutritional value of theEchinochloa millets via selective crossbreeding of wild and domesticated species.     

Screening of Brown Planthopper Resistant miRNAs in Rice and Their Roles in Regulation of Brown Planthopper Fecundity

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) can participate in plant-insect interactions, which regulate plant defense networks. In this study, we analyzed the miRNA expression profiles of six rice varieties before and after brown planthopper (BPH)-feeding. We identified 45 differentially expressed miRNAs between BPH- susceptible and BPH-resistant rice varieties and 144 miRNAs that responded to BPH-feeding. Thus, miRNAs may be involved in multiple pathways regulating rice defense response against BPH. In addition, we found that the genetic history of rice varieties determined the regulation mode of the miRNA and affected the amounts, types, changing trends and response periods of miRNAs in response to BPH- feeding. To conclude, we scanned seven potential cross-kingdom miRNAs, of which miR5795 may target the vitellogenin gene in BPH, causing a 16.07% reduction in BPH oviposition. The results provide new miRNA information of rice-BPH interactions and BPH-resistant rice variety breeding.