马瘟的病理形态学变化

本项研究工作对非洲马瘟病畜进行了病理学检查。肺型非洲马瘟的主要病理变化为急性肺水肿并伴有出血性素质变化,浆液性枝气管淋巴结炎,胸液及心包液增量,胃及小肠的卡他性炎,实质器官如心、肝、肾等的充血及变质性变化,脾无肿大或轻度肿大。心型非洲马瘟的主要病理变化为皮下胶样水肿并伴有明显的心外膜的变质性变化,其他变化与肺型马瘟相似。研究结果表明,马瘟的病型不同,其病理学变化是不完全相同的。这对马瘟的诊型及不同病型的鉴别诊断具有一定的意义。     

安徽优势库蠓实验室饲养的研究

本文从研究安徽省的库蠓媒介传染病出发,调查了省内四种优势库蠓(尖喙库蠓、原野库蠓、日本库蠓、荒川库蠓)的吸血嗜性和幼期孽生地,研究了实验室饲养库蠓的配套技术,完成了日本库蠓从卵发育到成蠓的实验饲养,成虫率为4.7%。     

广西钦州口岸地区库蠓的调查

研究广西钦州口岸地区库蠓种类的分布、组成、数量,为钦州口岸进口澳大利亚屠宰牛项目季节性非库蠓活动区的申请及认定提供技术支撑.采用灯光诱捕法捕捉钦州市那丽镇钦州保税港区库蠓,监测周期为每月4次,每周任选一天并固定实施.结果:调查发现并鉴定广西钦州口岸地区12种,分别为荒川库蠓、盔状库蠓、黄胸库蠓、龙溪库蠓、屏东库蠓、异域...     

基于线粒体COⅠ基因序列的吸血蠓近似种鉴定

为了快速、准确地鉴别吸血蠓近似种,弥补传统形态学鉴定方法在种类鉴定中存在的操作繁琐、难度大等不足,提出了基于线粒体CO Ⅰ基因序列的吸血蠓近似种鉴定方法。以二囊亚属中的黑色库蠓(Culicoides pelius)、无害库蠓(Culicoides innoxius)、白带库蠓(Culicoides albifascia)、不显库蠓(Culicoides obsoletus)、东方库蠓(Culicoides orientalis)、苏格兰库蠓(Culicoides scoticus)和琉球库蠓(Culicoides actoni)等7种库蠓近似种的部分线粒体CO Ⅰ基因序列作为分析对象,基于Kimura 2-parameter模型分析遗传距离,同时应用MEGA 6.0软件以荒川库蠓(Culicoides arakawai)为外群构建系统发育树(邻接法和最大似然法)。经过Clustal X序列比对及人工校对、编辑后, 7种吸血蠓CO Ⅰ基因长度为494 bp,遗传距离在种内和种间具显著差异(P<0.05),系统发育树中不同库蠓种类各自构成单系(群),同种类不同地理种群聚为一支。本研究初步证实了线粒体CO Ⅰ基因序列可用于吸血蠓近似种的分子鉴定。     

非洲马瘟病毒VP7基因的克隆与表达

为获得非洲马瘟病毒VP7蛋白,以用于制备AHS血清学诊断试剂并为AHS新型疫苗的构建奠定基础,笔者采用原核表达系统表达VP7蛋白。在GeneBank中查找非洲马瘟病毒VP7基因序列,人工合成VP7基因,将VP7基因片段克隆插入pBAD/Thio-TOPO表达载体,将重组质粒转入大肠杆菌TOP10。经测序鉴定,筛选获得VP7基因正向插入、有正确读码框的阳性克隆,经L-Arabinose诱导表达VP7融合蛋白抗原。SDS-PAGE分析表明以终浓度为0.2%的L-阿拉伯糖进行诱导,4h后表达可达到高峰,融合蛋白质量约54.72kDa。Westernblotting检测和间接ELISA表明诱导表达的融合蛋白能与非洲马瘟病毒VP7单克隆抗体发生特异性反应,说明蛋白有特异的免疫学活性。     

基于线粒体COⅠ基因序列的吸血蠓近似种鉴定

为了快速、准确地鉴别吸血蠓近似种,弥补传统形态学鉴定方法在种类鉴定中存在的操作繁琐、难度大等不足,提出了基于线粒体COⅠ基因序列的吸血蠓近似种鉴定方法。以二囊亚属中的黑色库蠓(Culicoides pelius)、无害库蠓(Culicoides innoxius)、白带库蠓(Culicoides albifascia)、不显库蠓(Culicoides obsoletus)、东方库蠓(Culicoides orientalis)、苏格兰库蠓(Culicoides scoticus)和琉球库蠓(Culicoides actoni)等7种库蠓近似种的部分线粒体COⅠ基因序列作为分析对象,基于Kimura 2-parameter模型分析遗传距离,同时应用MEGA6. 0软件以荒川库蠓(Culicoides arakawai)为外群构建系统发育树(邻接法和最大似然法)。经过Clustal X序列比对及人工校对、编辑后,7种吸血蠓COⅠ基因长度为494 bp,遗传距离在种内和种间具显著差异(P 0. 05),系统发育树中不同库蠓种类各自构成单系(群),同种类不同地理种群聚为一支。本研究初步证实了线粒体COⅠ基因序列可用于吸血蠓近似种的分子鉴定。     

兽医系统县级PCR实验室检测能力的现状及建议

正近年来,国内非洲猪瘟、高致病性禽流感等重大动物疫病、人畜共患病时有发生。兔瘟2型、非洲马瘟等外来动物疫病面临传入风险,且动物疫病病原日益复杂,动物疫情风险不断扩大,仅仅依靠临床和剖解诊断很难确诊,兽医系统县级实验室具备PCR病原学检测能力在动物防疫中的重要性日益凸显。加快推进县级兽医实验室检测能力建设,不仅是当前有效防控非洲猪瘟的迫切需要,也是保障畜牧产业健康发展和公共卫生安全的必然要求。从近两年非洲猪瘟、高致病性禽流感等疫病的防控经验得出,     

基于多基因的分子分类技术在库蠓鉴定中的应用

以采自我国14个省(自治区)的77种库蠓标本为研究对象,测定分析库蠓的线粒体COⅠ、Cyt b、16S rDNA及核糖体ITS1-ITS2基因序列,并构建系统发育树.多基因聚类分析显示:77种库蠓分别隶属于屋室亚属、带纹亚属、库蠓亚属、二囊亚属、血色亚属、三囊亚属和单囊亚属,该结果与形态学鉴定结果基本吻合,表明基于多基因的分子分类技术可用于库蠓的种类鉴定.     

郑州开封地区鸡卡氏住白细胞原虫病季节动态的研究

本文自84年12月份起到85年11月止,对郑州地区卡氏住白细胞原虫病的季节动态的研究,以爆发过本病的郑州郊区某鸡场为疫点,每月定期抽样剖杀10只育成鸡或童鸡,翅下静脉采血涂血片,经姬——瑞氏染色,每鸡血片用光镜检测100个视野,10只鸡计1000个视野,从中得出每月的阳性比率(％)及阳性视野出现率(‰),证实郑州爆发过本病的鸡群,未经有效治疗,一年四季在无明显症状鸡只的血片中,不同程度都可查到病原。郑州地区5～6月份可出现本病。而发病最高峰期为7～8月份,阳性比率达100％,阳性视野可达300～453‰,往后逐渐下降,到12、1、2、4月份为低潮期,虽然阳性率为40～50％,但阳性视野仅在11～12‰之间,根据郑州地区气温变化,分析荒川库蠓活动的高峰期为5月中旬到6月中下旬,与发病高峰期基本相符。在组织印片的检测中低潮期仍能见到裂殖体及初期配子体。在传播者—蠓的调查中,捕获到荒川库蠓(占总捕获量的60.24％)、原野库蠓(占25％)尖喙库蠓(占14％),其它的库蠓(如开封库蠓、三保库蠓、日本库蠓)均未被捕获,显然 在郑州地区荒川库蠓是本病的主要传播者。在郑州、开封地区的流行情况的调查中,证明本病的死亡率与鸡的年龄有明显的差异其中一月龄雏鸡到三月龄童鸡死亡率最高可达91％,育成鸡死亡率为11.8％,亦高于老龄     

牧鸡暴发住白细胞虫病的诊治报告

库蠓和蚋是鸡住白细胞虫病（又称白冠病）的传播媒介。据相关资料报道,我国北方以库蠓为主,南方地区库蠓和带蚋兼有。白冠病是南疟原虫科住白细胞属的原虫通过传播媒介寄生在鸡的血液细胞和内脏器官组织细胞内所引起的一种原虫病。雏鸡和育成鸡感染该病后死亡率高,成鸡感染后病情较轻。该病具有明显的季节流行性,夏秋季节多发。     

Allometry and reorganization in horse skull proportions

Allometric analysis of skull proportions in 25 species of fossil equids indicates that both scaling effects (allometry) and reorganization were factors in the evolutionary transformation of horse skulls. A relatively longer preorbital portion of the skull resulted from the ventral and forward displacement of the tooth row relative to the jaw joint and the orbit when high-crowned teeth evolved. Correlated with the increased distance between jaw joint and tooth row is an increase in the relative size of the attachment areas of masseter and internal pterygoid muscles.     

Ancient diets, ecology, and extinction of 5-million-year-Old horses from florida

Six sympatric species of 5-million-year-old (late Hemphillian) horses from Florida existed during a time of major global change and extinction in terrestrial ecosystems. Traditionally, these horses were interpreted to have fed on abrasive grasses because of their high-crowned teeth. However, carbon isotopic and tooth microwear data indicate that these horses were not all C4 grazers but also included mixed feeders and C3 browsers. The late Hemphillian Florida sister species of the modern genus Equus was principally a browser, unlike the grazing diet of modern equids. Late Hemphillian horse extinctions in Florida involved two grazing and one browsing species.     

Widespread origins of domestic horse lineages

Domestication entails control of wild species and is generally regarded as a complex process confined to a restricted area and culture. Previous DNA sequence analyses of several domestic species have suggested only a limited number of origination events. We analyzed mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) control region sequences of 191 domestic horses and found a high diversity of matrilines. Sequence analysis of equids from archaeological sites and late Pleistocene deposits showed that this diversity was not due to an accelerated mutation rate or an ancient domestication event. Consequently, high mtDNA sequence diversity of horses implies an unprecedented and widespread integration of matrilines and an extensive utilization and taming of wild horses. However, genetic variation at nuclear markers is partitioned among horse breeds and may reflect sex-biased dispersal and breeding.     

几种药剂处理对辣木出苗率的影响

[目的]为辣木生产提供参考。[方法]以印度传统种辣木、非洲辣木和印度改良种PKMI为供试辣木品种,筛选几种药剂处理辣木种子,观察其对辣木种子出苗率的影响。[结果]在3个辣木品种中,PKMI的平均出苗率最高,印度传统种次之,非洲种最低;筛选的几种药剂处理的辣木种子出苗率较清水处理的均有不同程度的提高,尤其是浓度1％促根壮苗剂浸种4h和磷酸二氢钾5g加水500ml浸种4h对提高辣木种子出苗率有明显的效果;浓度1％促根壮苗剂,浓度1％的多菌灵单独使用比混合使用的效果好;第七元素和以色列活性促根剂单独使用比混合使用的效果好,混合使用会降低2种药剂的效果。九二0处理出的苗大部分是白化苗,九二0不宜用于辣木种子育苗。[结论]为提高辣木种子的发芽率,节约用种成本提供了科学依据。     

An analog of myristic acid with selective toxicity for African trypanosomes.

Trypanosoma brucei, the protozoan parasite responsible for African sleeping sickness, evades the host immune response through the process of antigenic variation. The variant antigen, known as the variant surface glycoprotein (VSG), is anchored to the cell surface by a glycosyl phosphatidylinositol (GPI) structure that contains myristate (n-tetradecanoate) as its only fatty acid component. The utilization of heteroatom-containing analogs of myristate was studied both in a cell-free system and in vivo. Results indicated that the specificity of fatty acid incorporation depends on chain length rather than on hydrophobicity. One analog, 10-(propoxy)decanoic acid, was highly toxic to trypanosomes in culture although it is nontoxic to mammalian cells.     

Detection of arboviruses in Culicoides(Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) collected from animal farms in the border areas of Yunnan Province,China

Biting midges of the genus Culicoides(order Diptera, family Ceratopogonidae) are potential biological vectors for the transmission of certain arboviruses among humans, livestock, and wild animals. This study collected a total of 405 Culicoides individuals from seven animal farms located in five counties in the border areas of Yunnan Province, China, and examined the Culicoides species composition and the major arboviruses carried by the Culicoides species. The collected Culicoides were classified into seven species with variable abundances: Culicoides arakawae(5.43%, 22/405), Culicoides homotomus(1.23%, 5/405), Culicoides obsoletus(19.75%, 80/405), Culicoides orientalis(17.28%, 70/405), Culicoides oxystoma(29.38%, 119/405), Culicoides peregrinus(5.68%, 23/405), and Culicoides nipponensis(21.23%, 86/405). Among the seven species, C. oxystoma and C. nipponensis were distributed in all the five counties with abundances of 13.33–44.87% and 10.00–46.83%, respectively, suggesting that these were the dominant species of Culicoides widespread on animal farms in the border areas. PCR was used to detect major arboviruses in the collected Culicoides specimens, including bluetongue virus(BTV), Japanese encephalitis virus, Dengue virus, Zika virus, African swine fever virus, and African horse sickness virus. Among the tested viruses, only BTV serotype 1 was tested positive in C. oxystoma specimens collected from a buffalo farm. Culicoides oxystoma was the dominant species on animal farms in the sampled areas, but it has not previously been documented as positive for BTV in China. The current results thus suggest that C. oxystoma could be an important vector for BTV transmission in these border areas, which, however, needs to be confirmed by further comprehensive experiments. Overall, the present study provides the first profile of Culicoides species on animal farms in the China, Vietnam, and Myanmar border areas, establishes the prevalence of arboviruses carried by these Culicoides species, and suggests the vector potential of C. oxystoma species for the transmission of BTV.     

马MxA基因第13外显子的多态性研究(英文)

[Objective] To investigate the polymorphism of the thirteenth exon of MxA gene in 4 species of horse. [Method] The thirteenth exon of MxA gene fragments were amplified from genomic DNA of Sanhe horse, Xinihe horse, Wushen horse and Baerhu horse with the primers designed according to the MxA sequence announced in GenBank; the polymorphism of MxA gene was detected by PCR-SSCP and the products were sequenced. [Result] The polymorphism of the thirteenth exon of MxA gene appeared only in Wushen horse, the 2 081 nt of which mutated from guanine (G) to adenine (A) and the corresponding amino acid of which changed from glutamate (Glu) to alanine (Ala). [Conclusion] The study provided a basis for exploring the antiviral effect of MxA protein.     

不同品种父本杂交改良伊犁马公驹8～11月龄冬季舍饲生长发育研究

[目的]通过对伊犁马及其不同品种父本杂交F1公驹8 -11月龄体尺、体重测定,初步研究伊犁马不同品种父本杂交后代生长发育情况,为伊犁马杂交改良工作提供基础依据和理论数据.[方法]试验通过对伊犁马及其不同品种父本杂交F1代8～11月龄体高、体长、胸围、管围、体重测定并分析,绘制生长发育曲线,对比和分析伊犁马及其不同品种父本杂交后代之间的差异.[结果]不同品种父本杂交F1代马驹与伊犁马8～11月龄体高、体长、胸围、体重指标总体呈现纯血F1代＞新吉F1代＞吉乳F1代＞奥尔洛夫F1代＞伊犁马;管围总体呈现出纯血F1代＞新吉F1代＞吉乳F1代＞伊犁马＞奥尔洛夫F1.[结论]不同品种父本杂交F1代马驹8～11月龄生长规律与伊犁马基本相同,但是生长发育水平优于伊犁马,不同品种杂交后代之间存在一定差异,均呈现出部分其父本品种生长发育的特点,说明引进优良品种马匹杂交改良伊犁马效果明显;并且以伊犁马作为母本,通过引进优良品种杂交改良,有选育出伊犁马新品系的潜力.     

马转录因子TBX3基因的密码子使用偏好性分析

为了解马TBX3基因的密码子使用特性,为选择该基因最佳的受体以及合适的异源表达系统提供依据,利用CHIPS、CUSP、Codon W等软件对NCBI公布的马TBX3基因(GenBank登录号为XM_014742147.1)的密码子使用情况进行分析,并将其与马的10个肢体生长和肢体形态形成相关基因、模式生物基因组以及其他物种TBX3基因进行比较。结果表明:马TBX3基因偏好使用G/C结尾的密码子,存在19种偏好使用的密码子(RSCU1.20),其中:GCC、CTG、AGC和GTG偏好性较强(RSCU2.00);10个马相关基因在20种偏好密码子中偏好性较强的只有CTG,17种密码子偏好G/C结尾;通过比较30种动物的TBX3基因密码子偏好性,发现其TBX3基因表达水平一般,并且密码子偏好G/C结尾;基于RSCU值和CDS序列的聚类分析发现,奇蹄目的家马与食肉目的家猫、北极熊聚在一起,可见系统进化树更接近这30个物种的真实系统分类;在密码子的使用频率上,小鼠更适合作为马TBX3基因的外源表达宿主。本研究可为TBX3基因在动物遗传育种改良中选择适合的宿主动物、筛选最佳的外源表达系统以及提高其表达水平提供依据。