中国蒙古马不同组织器官TLR3、TLR7、TLR8和TLR9 mRNA转录水平研究

为探讨中国蒙古马不同组织中TLR3、TLR7、TLR8和TLR9的表达情况,采用SYBR GreenⅠ荧光定量RTPCR方法对心脏、肝脏、脾脏、肺脏、肾脏、胃、十二指肠、空肠、盲肠和骨髓中TLRs基因的转录水平进行测定。结果表明:4种TLRs基因在被检测的10个组织中均有转录。其中,TLR3在肾脏中的表达量最高,在脾脏中的表达量最低;与TLR3相反,TLR7、TLR8和TLR9均在脾脏中的表达量最高,TLR7和TLR8在胃中的表达量最低,TLR9在空肠中的表达量最低。在不同免疫器官中,TLR7、TLR8和TLR9在脾脏中的表达量高于骨髓,而TLR3在骨髓中的表达量高于脾脏。在各肠段中,TLR3、TLR7、TLR8和TLR9在盲肠中的表达量高于十二指肠和空肠;并且均是TLR3和TLR8的表达量高于TLR7和TLR9的表达量。综上所述,TLRs基因mRNA转录水平在蒙古马各组织器官中差异较大,可能与其对病原体的识别和抵抗能力有关。     

雏鸡不同组织TLR1、TLR2、TLR4、TLR5和TLR15 mRNA转录水平相对定量研究

参考GenBank登录的ChTLRs基因序列设计实时定量PCR特异性引物,建立检测鸡Toll样受体(ChTLR)mRNA相对转录水平的实时定量PCR方法,分析ChTLR1、ChTLR2、ChTLR4、ChTLR5和ChTLR15在雏鸡不同器官组织中的转录水平。结果显示5种ChTLRs在脾脏、法氏囊、胸腺和各段肠道组织中均有转录。其中,ChTLR1 mRNA在法氏囊、肾脏和盲肠组织中转录水平较高;ChTLR2 mRNA在脾脏、法氏囊和肝脏等组织中转录水平较高,在肾脏、肺脏和皮肤未检测到转录;ChTLR4 mRNA在所检测组织中转录水平差异较小,在脾脏、十二指肠和胸腺转录水平较高;ChTLR5 mRNA在肾脏、脾脏和空肠中的转录水平较高;ChTLR15 mRNA在法氏囊中转录水平最高,其次为脾脏和盲肠。本研究建立了检测ChTLRs mRNA在不同器官组织中表达水平的实时定量PCR方法,ChTLRs mRNA在雏鸡各器官组织中转录水平差异较大,可能与雏鸡各器官组织对病原的识别和抵抗能力有关。     

食物中毒马不同组织器官中TLR3、TLR7、TLR8和TLR9 mRNA转录水平的研究

为了探讨食物中毒马不同组织器官中TLR3、TLR7、TLR8和TLR9基因的表达情况,试验采用SYBR GreenⅠ荧光定量RT-PCR方法检测食物中毒马和健康马(对照组)胃、心脏、肝脏、脾脏、肺脏、肾脏、十二指肠、盲肠和骨髓中TLRs基因的转录水平。结果表明:在食物中毒马胃、肝脏和十二指肠中的TLR3、TLR7、TLR8、TLR9基因相对表达量均显著高于对照组(P0.05),在所检测的食物中毒马的9个组织器官中(除肺脏外)TLR9基因表达量与对照组相比差异显著(P0.05)。说明食物中毒可引起马胃、肝脏和十二指肠的变化,推测TLR9基因在机体抵御食物中毒中发挥着重要作用。     

雏鸡不同组织TLR3、TLR7和TLR21 mRNA转录水平研究

参考GenBank登录的ChTLRs基因序列设计实时定量PCR特异性引物,建立检测鸡T011样受体（ChTLR）mRNA相对转录水平的实时定量PCR方法,分析ChTLR3、ChTLR7和ChTLR21在雏鸡不同器官组织中的转录水平。3种ChTLRs在脾脏、法氏囊、胸腺和各段肠道组织中均有转录。其中,ChTLR3 mRNA在肾脏、胸腺、盲肠、空肠、肝脏和十二指肠转录水平较高,在皮肤中未检测到转录;chTLR7 mRNA在脾脏、肾脏、盲肠、胸腺和十二指肠转录水平较高,在肝脏和皮肤中转录水平很低;ChTLR21 mRNA在所检测组织中均有转录,其中在脾脏转录水平最高,其次为法氏囊、胸腺和十二指肠。结果表明,ChTLRs mRNA在雏鸡各器官组织中转录水平差异较大,可能与雏鸡各器官组织对病原的识别和抵抗能力有关。     

金定鸭不同组织和血液中TLR1、TLR2、TLR4、TLR5的表达差异分析

试验旨在研究不同Toll样受体（Toll-like receptor,TLR）在鸭不同组织中的表达情况,选取300日龄雄性金定鸭10只,解剖后采集其血液及脾脏、肝脏、睾丸、肺脏、下丘脑、垂体、皮肤、腿肌、心脏、肾脏、胸肌、盲肠、小肠、胸腺,采用Primer Premier 5.0软件设计特异性引物,并用实时荧光定量PCR法检测TLR1、TLR2、TLR4、TLR5在不同组织中的相对表达情况。结果显示,各基因扩增产物的熔解曲线均有一特异性的单峰,无其他杂峰,说明引物的特异性较强,可以准确定量。4种目的基因与内参基因的扩增效率在101.4%~105.0%之间,均接近100%,相关系数（R²）为0.98~1.000。TLR1、TLR2、TLR4、TLR5 4种TLRs在金定鸭不同组织和血液中均有表达,但每种TLR受体在各组织中表达水平略有差异,其中TLR1在下丘脑中表达量最低,在胸肌中最高;TLR2在小肠中的表达量最低,在肺脏中最高;TLR4、TLR5在睾丸中的表达量最低,在皮肤中最高。以上结果说明,鸭TLRs在多种组织中能够广泛表达,本试验结果可为TLRs在鸭源感染过程中的作用机理研究提供科学依据。     

兔TLR2 TLR4部分cDNA克隆及其在组织中的分布

从日本大耳白兔的脾脏组织克隆出Toll样受体基因2(RTLR2)和Toll样受体基因4(RTLR4),并对其在兔的17种组织中的表达分布进行了检测。RTLR2和RTLR4核苷酸序列与GenBank中登载的穴兔(Oryctolagus cuniculus)TLR2序列(NM_001082781)、TLR4序列(NM_001082781)的相似性分别为99%和100%;推导氨基酸序列的同源性比对发现,与人、马、野猪、猫、猩猩、牛、绵羊和鼠等8种动物相比,RTLR2与马的同源性最高,为80%,与鼠最低,为61%,而RTLR4与这几种动物的同源性在62%~75%之间;兔的胸腺、盲肠、睾丸等15种组织中均检测到TLR2和TLR4 mRNA的转录产物,但骨骼中未发现TLR2和TLR4,TLR4在皮肤中也未见表达。     

TLR4信号通路关键基因在断奶仔猪不同组织中的mRNA表达

本试验旨在研究Toll样受体4(TLR4)信号通路关键基因在断奶仔猪不同组织的分布情况。选择12头杜×长×大断奶仔猪,屠宰,取脾脏、胸腺、肠道淋巴结、下丘脑、垂体、肾上腺、肝脏、腓肠肌、皮下脂肪、空肠和回肠组织。应用实时荧光定量PCR技术测定TLR4信号通路关键基因,包括TLR4、髓样分化因子(MyD88)、IL-1受体相关激酶1(IRAK1)、肿瘤坏死因子受体相关因子6(TRAF6)、核因子-κB(NF-κB)和肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)-α在各组织的mRNA表达水平。结果表明:TLR4信号通路关键基因在所检测的11个组织中均有表达,并且组织分布规律基本一致。总体看来,主要在免疫组织(脾脏、胸腺、淋巴结)表达量较高,在皮下脂肪和肠道(空肠、回肠)表达量居中,在其他组织中表达量较低。TLR4信号通路关键基因在不同组织中表达差异较大,可能与仔猪各组织对病原的识别和抵抗能力有关。     

TLR4信号通路负调控因子在断奶仔猪不同组织中的mRNA表达

本试验旨在研究Toll样受体4(TLR4)信号通路负调控因子在断奶仔猪不同组织的分布情况。选择12头杜×长×大断奶仔猪,屠宰,取脾脏、胸腺、下丘脑、垂体、肾上腺、空肠、回肠、肝脏、背最长肌、腓肠肌等组织。应用实时荧光定量PCR技术测定TLR4信号通路负调控因子在仔猪不同组织中的mRNA表达水平,包括单免疫球蛋白IL-1相关蛋白(SIGIRR)、细胞因子信号传导抑制因子1(SOCS1)、防辐射105(RP105)和Toll反应蛋白(Tollip)。结果表明:TLR4信号通路负调控因子在所测定的10个组织中均有一定程度的表达,但是组织分布规律存在一定的差异;主要在肝脏、回肠和脾脏中的表达量较高,在胸腺、垂体和空肠中的表达量居中,在其他组织中的表达量较低。TLR4信号通路负调控因子在不同组织中表达差异较大,可能与负调控因子在TLR4信号传导通路中结合的传导因子不同,以及机体各组织对病原的抵抗力不同有关。     

新孢子虫急性感染对小鼠器官中TLR3表达的影响

为了研究新孢子虫急性感染对小鼠体内不同器官中Toll样受体3(TLR3)表达的影响,试验将培养、纯化的新孢子虫Nc-1株速殖子通过腹腔注射途径感染5周龄C57BL/6小鼠(8×106个速殖子/只),感染后第2天和第8天分别采集小鼠的心脏、肝脏、脾脏、肺脏和脑,通过荧光定量PCR和免疫组织化学方法,分别从mRNA和蛋白质水平检测各器官中TLR3的表达量。结果表明:感染组小鼠脾脏和肺脏中TLR3 mRNA的相对表达量较对照组显著或极显著升高(P0. 05或P0. 01),其中脾脏中第2天和第8天TLR3 mRNA的相对表达量为对照组的6倍或9倍,肺脏中TLR3 mRNA的相对表达量约为对照组的4倍;肝脏和心脏中TLR3 mRNA的相对表达量约为对照组的2倍,但差异均不显著(P0. 05),脑中TLR3 mRNA的相对表达量未见明显变化。免疫组织化学结果与荧光定量PCR结果基本一致。说明新孢子虫急性感染可上调小鼠多个器官中TLR3的表达。     

TLRs介导的信号通路在马链球菌感染RAW264.7细胞中的作用

为探究Toll样受体(TLRs)介导的信号通路在马链球菌马亚种(S.equi)感染小鼠巨噬细胞RAW264.7中的作用,收集S.equi感染后不同时间点的RAW264.7细胞,提取总RNA并反转录成cDNA,利用实时荧光定量PCR技术检测细胞Toll样受体1、2、6(TLR1、TLR2、TLR6)、接头蛋白骨髓分化蛋白88(MyD88)及细胞因子IL-1、IL-6、IL-10、IL-12、TNF-αmRNA的表达情况。结果显示,S.equi感染RAW264.7细胞后6h时,TLR1、TLR2、TLR6与MyD88mRNA水平均较对照组没有显著差异(P0.05);感染后12h时,TLR1、TLR2和TLR6mRNA表达量未出现明显上升(P0.05),而MyD88mRNA水平极显著升高(P0.01);感染后24h时,TLR1、TLR2和TLR6mRNA表达水平出现极显著升高(P0.01),MyD88 mRNA表达没有显著变化(P0.05),且IL-10和IL-12mRNA水平与对照组相比极显著升高(P0.01),IL-1、IL-6和TNF-αmRNA水平均极显著下降(P0.01)。结果表明,TLRs介导的信号通路参与S.equi感染RAW264.7细胞的免疫应答反应。     

Analysis of TLR1,TLR2,TLR4 and TLR5 Expression in Different Tissues of Jinding Duck

The aim of this study was to explore the expression profiles of Toll-like receptor (TLR) in different tissues,and to lay the foundation of TLRs research for ducks.Ten male Jinding ducks of 300 days of age were slaughtered,and the blood sample and 14 different kinds of tissues (spleen, liver, testise, lung,hypothalamus,pituitary gland,skin,leg muscle,heart,kidney, chest muscle,caecum,small intestine and thymus) were collected. The Primer Premier 5.0 software was used to design specific primers and the quantitative Real-time PCR method was used to detect the relative expression levels of TLR1,TLR2,TLR4 and TLR5 mRNA. The results showed that there were only one specific peak on the melting curve of each gene amplification products,indicating that the specificity of the primers were strong. The amplification efficiency of the target genes was 101.4% to 105.0% and the correlation coefficient (R²) was 0.98 to 1.000. The four kinds of TLRs expressed in all of the 14 tissues and blood with varying abundance in different tissues for each of the 4 kinds of TLRs.The expression levels of TLR1 was lowest in hypothalamus,and highest in chest muscle. The expression levels of TLR2 was lowest in small intestine,and highest in lung. The lowest expressed tissues for TLR4 and TLR5 were testis, and the highest expressed tissues were skin.The study indicated that TLRs were widely expressed in various tissues of duck,which laid the foundation for further study on the role mechanism of duck TLRs in the process of pathogen infection.     

Transcript profiling of pattern recognition receptors in a semi domesticated breed of buffalo, Toda, of India

The primary objective of this study was to assess the expression profile and levels of toll-like receptor (TLR) mRNAs in the spleen, lung, mediastinal lymph node (MLN), jejunum, rectum, skin and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of Toda and Murrah buffalos. Spleen and PBMC had increased expression of TLR mRNAs 2, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9 and 10; lung had increased expression of TLR mRNAs 2, 4, 5, 6 and 8, MLN TLR mRNA 6, 9, 10 and decrease in TLR 3 and 7 mRNAs in skin. No significant differences were observed in the expression levels of any of the TLR mRNA in jejunum and rectum. Toda buffaloes showed significantly higher expression levels of TLR 9 mRNA in MLN, TLR mRNAs 1, 5, 6, 9 and 10 in skin and TLR mRNAs 2, 4, 7 and 9 in PBMC than Murrah buffaloes living in the vicinity. Toda and Murrah buffaloes were inoculated with TLR5 (flagellin) and TLR9 (CpG ODN) ligands in vivo and expression levels of the respective TLRs analyzed 12h later. Following CpG inoculation, Toda buffaloes had significantly higher levels of TLR 9 mRNA expression but not in Murrah. However, flagellin induction did not increase TLR 5 mRNA expression in both these breeds. Histological sections of the skin were made and infiltrating cell clusters were graded and quantified. Following CpG inoculation, Toda buffaloes showed higher numbers of infiltrating grade 1 and grade 3 cell clusters while Murrah showed lower numbers of infiltrating grade 1 cells as compared to mock-inoculated skin sections. Flagellin treatment revealed no significant differences in infiltrating cell clusters in both the breeds. The results have shown differential expression of TLR mRNAs in various tissues between two divergent buffalo breeds with the highest difference in TLR expression profile seen in the skin, the largest portal of entry of pathogens, of Toda.     

Toll-like receptor 2 and 9 are expressed and functional in gut-associated lymphoid tissues of presuckling newborn swine

To clarify the crucial role of Toll-like receptor (TLR) 2 and TLR9 in immature gut-associated lymphoid tissues (GALT), we focused on the expression of TLR2 and TLR9 and the immune responses induced by their ligands in the GALT of presuckling newborn swine. Quantitative real-time PCR revealed that TLR2 and TLR9 mRNA were expressed at detectable levels in all tested tissues (heart, thymus, lung, spleen, liver, kidney, skeletal muscle, duodenum, jejunum, ileum, ileal Peyer patches (Pps), and mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN)). In particular, in immature intestinal tissues and GALT, TLR2 and TLR9 mRNA were expressed at higher levels in ileal Pps and MLN than in the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum. We confirmed that the TLR2 and TLR9 proteins were also highly expressed and that their ligands were preferentially recognized by TLR2- or TLR9-expressing cells in the MLN and ileal Pps. Zymosan, CpG2006, and lactic acid bacteria could promote mitogenesis and production of multiple cytokines by the MLN and ileal Pps. In addition, double immunostaining for cytokeratin 18 and either TLR2 or TLR9 revealed that both TLR2 and TLR9 are strongly expressed in the columnar membranous (M) cells. Interestingly, while the apical membrane of the columnar M cells strongly expressed TLR2 protein and preferentially recognized zymosan, both "TLR2 expression on the apical membrane" and "TLR2-mediated zymosan binding" were negligible in neighboring enterocytes. These results indicate that TLR2 and TLR9 allow MLN and ileal Pps to respond to a variety of bacterial components immediately after birth, thereby providing newborns with a host defense system.     

Influence of age,sex and rearing systems on Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7) expression pattern in gut,lung and lymphoid tissues of indigenous ducks

1. The objective of the experiment was to determine the influence of age, sex and rearing system on Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7) gene expression in gut, lung and lymphoid tissues and physiological responses to stress in male and female indigenous ducks of Tamil Nadu, India.

2. A total of 36 ducks (12 males and 24 females) were obtained from local farmers and tissue samples of gut tissues (duodenum, jejunum, ileum and caecum), lymphoid organs (spleen and bursa) and lungs were collected in RNAlater solution followed by RNA extraction.

3. After normalisation to β-actin (endogenous control) qPCR analysis identified a significant effect of age, sex and rearing system on TLR7 expression in the ducks.

4. A significant up-regulation of TLR7 expression was observed in lungs, duodenum, jejunum, ileum and caecum of sexually mature (45 wk) compared with that of immature ducks (16 wk). Among sexes, male ducks had significantly higher TLR7 expression than female ducks.

5. Age and sex interactions were significant in lungs, duodenum, jejunum and caecum. Ducks reared in an extensive housing system showed significantly higher TLR7 expression in bursa, lungs, duodenum, ileum and caecum compared to intensively reared ducks. There were no effects of age, sex and rearing systems on TLR7 expression in the spleen.

6. The heterophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and serum corticosterone were higher in ducks reared on an intensive system compared with ducks from an extensive rearing system.