浅析限额采伐与等额采伐

限额采伐,是国家有关部门制定保护和发展森林资源的一项重要措施,以实现森林资源的总生长量大于总消耗量。从而达到促使森林资源不断增加和发展的目的。手段是通过发放采伐证实现对森林资源的限额采伐利用。 经过几年的管理实践,笔者发现,这种方法对我区森林资源的采伐利用,存在着几点难以克服的问题,应加以改进。     

油锯采伐与手锯采伐经济效益分析

本文通过对油锯采伐与手锯采伐方式的经济效益对比分析得出 ,不论是人工林 ,还是天然林 ,油锯采伐方式的经济效益均高于手锯采伐方式。     

临河区创新林木采伐模式 放宽采伐政策

巴彦淖尔市临河区抓住被国家林业局确定为第一批森林采伐管理改革试点的契机，大胆改革林业管理体制和经营机制，创新发展模式，努力探索适合当地的商品林、农田防护林采伐更新和公益林更新改革等模式：（1）非规划林地上的林木和房前屋后的林木，经镇林工站确认后，不办理采伐证。（2）将农毛渠上的林木全部划为商品林，简化办证程序，下放办证权限，     

浅析面积限额采伐与蓄积限额采伐

国有森工企业和企业化管理的国营林场在进入市场时，不能满足市场经济的一个基本假设——厂商根据市场需求相应调整产品。本文提出用“面积限额采伐”代替”蓄积限额采伐”可满足该假设，并对“面积限额采伐”和“蓄积限额采伐”进行了利弊分析     

实行林木采伐作业设计严格执行森林采伐限额

<正> (一) 桐庐县位于浙江西部,全县共有37个乡(镇),36万人口,总面积为276.6万亩,其中水田28.8万亩,林业用地209万亩。森林蓄积量达203万m~3,森林覆盖率52.5%。林业“三定”后,全县经过了几次林业生产责任制的完善工作,现在除30万亩自留山外,其余的都建立起各种形式的责任制:(1) 村组统一经营的131万亩,占责任制面积的     

试论合理采伐

汉西林业局建于1958年,三十多年来在森林采伐方式上经历了多次反复。1981年省委省政府决定把秦岭林区划为水源涵养林。由于对决定理解不深,由片面强调木材生产转向了过分强调森林的生态效益,把利用与培育森林的社会、经济、生态效益对立起来,不分林分状况,立地条件,在主伐方式上千篇一律地采用择伐。由于单一择伐,在产量不减少的情况下,使采伐面积逐年增加,造成可利用资源越来越少,加速了企业“两危”,而且大面积范围内实行林冠下更新也     

论森林抚育采伐

森林抚育采伐是指自幼林开始郁闭至林分成熟之前的整个成熟时期中,依据培育的目的,伐去部分林木,为保留木创造良好的生长条件的采伐作业,是一项十分重要的营林措施.     

采伐、更新方式和采伐强度的确定

采伐与更新,是实现永续利用的手段。林地是永续利用的物质基础,林木则是永续利用的生物对象。不同质量的林地及不同习性的林木所构成的森林结构,是选择采伐、更新方式的依据。     

Sprouting ability of two‐year‐old Betula pendula stumps exposed to different light intensities during five years

Altogether 1 080 two‐year‐old silver birch (Betula pendula Roth) were planted in groups of 36 plants at aspacing of 20 x 20 Cm in spring 1983 on a nursery field at lat. 60° 15 N and long. 16°00 E. In spring 1984 all plants were cut with 10 cm high stumps and light screens were arranged on the stump groups. Relative ¡rradiance (RI) 5, 10, 25, 50, 75 and 100% of full sunlight were used. After five growing seasons, all stumps exposed to 5 or 10% light intensity were dead, and 64–94% of stumps exposed to 25–100% RI were alive. 1.3–1.4 sprouts per living stump were living five years after cutting. The mean height of sprouts was highest on stumps exposed to 100% light. Also dry weights of leaves and sprouts, number of leaves per sprout, and leaf area were highest on stumps exposed to full sunlight. Stumps producting only one sprout five years after cutting have higher height and dry weight values than stumps with more sprouts. The biomass production per hectare and year for silver birch sprouts at a spacing of 0.2 m and with 90% survival was calculated as 5.4 tonnes. The biomass of leaves was 8.1 tonnes/ha/year five years after cutting.     

林龄、采伐方式对大叶相思萌芽更新的影响*

在海南省琼海县进行了不同林龄、不同采伐方式对大叶相思萌芽更新影响的研究，同时比较了保留不同萌条数量的萌芽林生长表现。结果表明：（１）林龄对伐桩萌芽率没有显著影响，但对伐桩存活率及萌条的径、高生长影响显著或极显著。林龄越大，萌芽更新效果越差；（２）皆伐和隔行采伐对大叶相思伐桩的萌芽率、萌条数量和存活率均无显著影响，但对萌条的径、高生长影响极显著。试验证明对大叶相思林分施以隔行采伐通过萌芽更新建立复层     

林龄、采伐方式对大叶相思萌芽更新的影响

在海南省琼海县进行了不同林龄、不同采伐方式对大叶相思萌芽更新影响的研究，同时比较了保留不同萌条数量的萌芽林生长表现，结果表明：（１）林龄对伐桩萌芽率没有显著影响，但对伐桩存活率及萌条的径、高生长影响显著或极显著。林龄越大，萌芽更新效果越差；（２）皆伐和隔行采伐对大叶相思伐桩的萌芽率、萌条数量和存活率均无显著影响，但对萌条的径、高生长影响极显著。试验证明对大叶相思林分施以隔行采伐通过萌芽更新建立复层林分是可行的；（３）保留不同数量萌条对萌芽林早期（１．５年生）的径、高生长有极显著影响，但对后期（４．５年生）的生长影响不显著。每棵植株伐桩保留４根萌条的萌芽林生物产量最高，更新效果最好。     

不同伐桩直径及高度对马占相思萌芽更新影响的研究*

对速生多用途树民占相思进行了不同伐桩高度（25cm,50cm,75cm和100cm)及不直径（4．1－8．0cm和8．1－12．0cm)萌芽更新影响的研究，结果表明，伐桩的萌芽率及平均萌条数随伐桩高度的增加而增加，随直径的增大而减少，萌条直径，长度及直萌条（可望生长成材之萌条）总断面积随伐桩的高低和大小而增减，伐桩最低的萌芽率比以往的结果高4倍以上，以短轮伐期经营的马占相思人工林，采用50－75cm伐桩高度萌芽更新效果好。     

Sprouting characteristics of a subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest following clear-cutting in Okinawa,Japan

This study explores the sprouting characteristics of an evergreen broad-leaved forest after clear-cutting based on a survey of 1,893 stumps of 62 tree species in Okinawa, Japan. The sprouting capabilities of the stumps varied among tree species. The stumps of 60 species could produce sprouts, while those of the other two species could not. In 10 of the sprouting species, the mean sprout-stem number was higher than 4.0 stems per stump; nine sprouting species showed low sprouting capabilities. Additionally, Castanopsis sieboldii and Schima wallichii, the dominant species, exhibited high sprouting capabilities. Further, the sprouting capabilities varied with stump diameter at breast height (DBH). Stumps with a larger DBH tended to have a higher mean number of sprout stems per stump, higher DBH, and higher tree height than the smaller stumps. The forest stands regenerated by sprouting might recover into a tree community similar to that before clear-cutting.     

Sprouting of Populus tremula L. in spruce regeneration areas following alternative treatments

We investigated the efficiency of three different methods to restrict sprouting in European aspen (Populus tremula L.) in regeneration areas of spruce in Finland. The methods compared were (1) traditional method (cutting at 10?C15 cm height) (2) cutting at 1 m height, and (3) fungus treatment (cutting at 10?C15 cm height, and mycelium of a white-rot fungus, Chondrostereum purpureum [Pers. Ex Fr.] Pouzar was applied to freshly cut stumps). The results indicated that the fungus treatment can restrict the emergence and growth of stump sprouts better than other methods, whereas cutting at 1 m seemed to yield the lowest numbers of root suckers. However, differences between the treatments were not significantly different (P values were > 0.05). For future experimentation, we suggest that the cutting of higher stumps to control the number of root suckers should be combined with application of C. purpureum to restrict the emergence and growth of stump sprouts. We also suggest developing more efficient C. purpureum isolates to control European aspen stump sprouting.     

伐桩处理对毛竹林生产力影响研究

研究了4种伐桩处理强度(0株/hm²、225株/hm²、450株/hm²、675株/hm²)对毛竹林生产力的影响。结果表明:伐桩处理可以显著提高毛竹用材林的生产力和竹材质量;随伐桩处理强度加大,新竹生物量、新竹质量呈稳定提高的趋势;伐桩处理强度为675株/hm²的处理效果优于其他处理强度;在伐桩处理强度为675株/hm²的毛竹林中,新竹生物量高达35.4 t/hm²,较伐桩未处理林地提高了27.57%,大径级(DBH > 10 cm)新竹密度是伐桩未处理林地的1.43倍,新竹胸高处节间长度比伐桩未处理林地增加1.8 cm。此外,伐桩处理能显著提高中、小径级新竹的品质,继而提高毛竹材用林培育的整体效益。     

辽东栎伐桩萌苗的发育规律

通过对黄土高原黄龙山林区辽东栎林固定样地连续6年的调查,研究间伐强度分别为13.4％(弱度间伐)和30.0％(强度间伐)的辽东栎伐桩萌苗的存活与生长规律.结果表明:1)间伐第1年,辽东栎伐桩均有萌生枝发生,每桩萌生枝数量和萌生枝高度在不同强度间无显著差异;2)萌生枝数量受伐桩高度和直径的影响,当伐桩高度较低时,萌生枝数量随伐桩高度的增加而增加,超过20cm后随之减少,呈三次抛物线关系;伐桩萌生枝数量随着伐桩直径增加呈现先增加后减少的趋势,直径30～50cm的伐桩萌生枝数量最多;3)伐桩萌生枝数量与最长萌生枝高度呈显著线性负相关,存在“萌生枝数量——高度权衡”现象;4)间伐第6年,伐桩的存活率为97.01％,强度间伐区萌生枝高度显著高于弱度间伐区;5)调查期间,辽东栎伐桩萌生枝数量逐年下降,伐桩产生的萌生枝数量越多,后期萌生枝死亡的数量也越多,表明伐桩能够自我稀疏,存在“萌代主”现象.在黄土高原地区,辽东栎伐桩萌芽潜力很大,应合理利用;间伐时伐桩高度应尽量低于20cm;伐桩直径在30～50cm更有利于其无性更新;间伐后伐桩应及时除蘖定株,促进萌生枝生长;间伐强度30.0％(强度间伐)更有利于辽东栎伐桩萌生枝的生长.     

印度阿鲁纳恰尔邦温带阔叶混交林树桩周长和高度对受干扰的树形杜鹃再发芽的影响

Sprout contribution to natural regeneration of Rhododendron arboreum following the tree felling for fuel wood and other purposes was studied in two disturbed sites (Paipraw and Falockchar) of Rhododendron forest in Arunachal Pradesh, northeast India. Cut stumps were categorized into seven girth and height classes to evaluate the effect of stump girth and height on production of sprouts. Effect of stump girth on survival of sprouts was also investigated. Results show that highest number of cut stumps is recorded in medium girth classes (50–80, 80–110, and 110–140 cm) in both Paipraw and Falockchar stands. However, density of cut stumps is higher in Paipraw (1 210 stumps·ha⁻¹) than Falockchar (1 154 stumps·ha⁻¹). Nevertheless, a little higher percentage of sprouting is recorded in Falockchar (18%) than that of Paipraw (15%). Similarly, maximum number of cut stumps is observed in the medium height classes (50–80, 80–110 and 110–140 cm) in both the sites. Cut stumps with lower girths show greater ability of sprouting than that of larger girth classes. Significant correlations are observed between stump girth and sprout number and between stump height and number of sprouts. Survival of sprouts also depends on stump girth. Survival of sprout shows significant variations between different sampling times in both the sites. Though overall sprout regeneration of R. arboreum is very poor, sprouts arising from lower girth classes survive well than those of higher girth classes. The findings of this investigation signify that stump sprouting is not playing much role in the natural regeneration of R. arboreum though it has the ability to sprout. Sprout survival is not adequate to restore a stand where indiscriminate tree felling is continued and the species may be considered as a poor coppicer. Therefore, regeneration through seeds and seedlings should be preferred over regeneration through sprouting.