水稻旱种湿管技术及品种筛选试验报告

选用4个杂交粳稻新组合和两个常规水稻新品系进行田间旱种湿管栽培，以筛选适于水田旱种湿管的品种。结果表明：辽优1046与辽优0201，表现最好，生育期合适，产量较高；旱25与旱14，生育期合适，但产量不够理想，必须适当增加播种量，有望达到较高产量。     

不同氮磷钾施用量对杂交粳稻产量的影响

通过进行不同氮磷钾肥施用量对杂交粳稻产量及其构成因素影响的研究,结果表明:辽优5218和辽优5238在高氮量处理区能明显提高成穗率,中氮量和高氮量之间对辽优5238成穗数影响差异不大;辽优5238分蘖速率对于磷肥用量的增加并不敏感;辽优5218在高磷量下前期分蘖加快,有效分蘖率下降;过高或过低钾肥用量对辽优5218分蘖没有明显促进作用;辽优5218在高氮高磷和中钾肥量的条件下,产量明显高于其他处理,而辽优5238则可以在低氮、低磷、低钾条件下获得较高产量。     

优质旱稻新品种中旱209的选育及应用

中旱209是中国水稻研究所选育的旱稻新品种,其生育期适中,抗旱性中等,米质优,产量较高,适应性较广,适合在长江中下游以及华南、西南等缺水或干旱、易旱的地区种植。     

水肥条件对杂交水稻辽优5218产量形成的影响

以辽优5218为供试材料,研究了不同灌溉方式下氮肥运筹方式对水稻产量的影响。结果表明,A2B2处理、A1B1处理辽优5218产量较高,分别达到11 406、11 306 kg/hm2,二者之间没有显著差异。由于节水灌溉处理比常规灌溉节水约40%,因此杂交水稻辽优5218采取A2B2的水肥管理模式更有利于节本增收。在两种灌溉方式下,较高基蘖肥比例(80%)均不利于有效穗数的增加。节水灌溉处理剑叶叶绿素含量下降较快,说明节水灌溉与常规灌溉相比加速叶片衰老进程,不利于结实率提高。提高水稻成穗率和结实率是发挥辽优5218产量优势的重要途径。     

稀播春小麦叶面积动态变化及产量构成特点研究

为了分析春小麦的生长发育规律及产量构成因素的变化,依品种的特征特性及环境关系,选用旱肥型的新克旱9号、抗旱型的东农7742、水肥型的克丰4号和耐湿型的克涝3号4个不同生态类型小麦品种,在稀播条件下对叶面积的动态变化和产量形成特点进行了系统研究,结果表明,旱肥型新克旱9号的总叶面积峰值最高,为360 cm2,显著高于其它类型。旱肥型、抗旱型品种新克旱9号、东农7742的旗叶面积峰值高于其它两个品种,其叶面积对产量的作用较水肥型、耐湿型品种明显;旱肥型品种新克旱9号株高、株穗数及千粒重对产量作用关系较大,抗旱型品种东农7742株穗数、千粒重对产量影响较大,水肥型品种克丰4号株穗数对产量作用大,耐湿型品种克涝3号的株穗数、主穗粒数和千粒重与产量关系密切。     

不同灌溉量对杂交粳稻的生理效应及产量因素影响研究

以辽优5218、辽优5238为试材,研究了不同灌溉量条件下杂交稻的生理效应和产量结构变化。结果显示:辽优5218和辽优5238在常规灌溉量的基础上,节水50%处理效果较好。表现在分蘖成穗率、生理水分利用率提高,达到了节水与高产的目的。     

设施栽培下不同旱黄瓜品种生育期、果实性状及产量的比较研究

在设施条件下，研究了9个不同旱黄瓜品种生育期、形态特征、果实性状及产量等特性。结果表明：不同旱黄瓜品种生育期存在差别，其中吉优春冠618和极早38号收获期较其他品种长3～7 d；不同品种的旱黄瓜形态差别不大，田间生长势均较强；不同品种的旱黄瓜瓜长、瓜横径和单瓜重均有极显著差异性(p＜0.01)，其中超纯吉杂四号的单瓜重最大，为160 g；不同品种的旱黄瓜小区产量达到了极显著性差异(p＜0.01)，其中以吉优春冠618和极早38号产量最高，分别为201.6、201.5 kg。综合性状及产量等数据，认为吉优春冠618和极早38号适应性好，产量高，适合在三亚冬季种植。     

栽培因素对北方粳稻米质的影响(Ⅱ)——播种量对米质的影响

试验表明,在旱育苗拔秧移植的条件下,播催芽湿种100～400g/m~2时,秧苗素质和产量随播种量的增加而变弱和减产,稻谷的加工品质下降,外观品质和食味品质提高。在优质米生产中旱育苗催芽湿种以200g/m~2为宜。     

浅议水稻旱种技术

水稻旱种是从水稻旱直播发展而来的，即在旱地状况下直播，苗期旱长，中后期利用雨水和适当灌溉以满足稻株各时期需水要求的一种种稻方法。在水资源较贫乏的今天，国家农业部将此项技术列为“十五”重点推广５０项技术之一，因此，搞水稻旱种意义十分重大。水稻旱种是节水栽培的一种形式，我地区按照水稻旱播后的灌溉模式，把旱种分为旱种水管和旱种旱管两种类型。旱种水管，是指水稻播种出苗经过一段时间的旱长后，按照常规水稻淹灌或浅湿灌溉的模式进行中后期田间水分管理。旱种旱管，是指水稻播种出苗后，按照定期的湿润灌溉模式进行中后…     

超级稻沈农265高产栽培技术

通过试种,介绍了超级稻沈农265在辽宁省盘锦地区表现的主要性状及生育期。产量834.5kg/667m2,比辽粳454—18、辽151、辽优7号等高180kg/667m2。总结了培育壮秧、合理密植、配方施肥、水层管理及病虫防治等方面的主要高产栽培技术措施。     

稻麦双晚对病虫草发生的影响及解决措施

随着早熟晚粳、中熟晚粳广泛种植,水稻轻型省力栽培方式旱直播的推广,病虫也发生了变化,成熟期显著推迟,下茬无法在适宜播期种植,影响粮食丰产稳产。提出筛选早熟当家品种、大力推广机插秧、加大粮食烘干设备的投入、合理施肥、精准植保等对策。     

Sorghum and millet phenols and antioxidants

Sorghum is a good source of phenolic compounds with a variety of genetically dependent types and levels including phenolic acids, flavonoids, and condensed tannins. Most sorghums do not contain condensed tannins, but all contain phenolic acids. Pigmented sorghums contain unique anthocyanins that could be potential food colorants. Some sorghums have a prominent pigmented testa that contains condensed tannins composed of flavan-3-ols with variable length. Flavan-3-ols of up to 8–10 units have been separated and quantitatively analyzed. These tannin sorghums are excellent antioxidants, which slow hydrolysis in foods, produce naturally dark-colored products and increase the dietary fiber levels of food products. Sorghums have high concentration of 3-deoxyanthocyanins (i.e. luteolinidin and apigenidin) that give stable pigments at high pH. Pigmented and tannin sorghum varieties have high antioxidant levels that are comparable to fruits and vegetables. Finger millet has tannins in some varieties that contain a red testa. There are limited data on the phenolic compounds in millets; only phenolic acids and flavones have been identified.     

Sorghum and millet phenols and antioxidants

Sorghum is a good source of phenolic compounds with a variety of genetically dependent types and levels including phenolic acids, flavonoids, and condensed tannins. Most sorghums do not contain condensed tannins, but all contain phenolic acids. Pigmented sorghums contain unique anthocyanins that could be potential food colorants. Some sorghums have a prominent pigmented testa that contains condensed tannins composed of flavan-3-ols with variable length. Flavan-3-ols of up to 8–10 units have been separated and quantitatively analyzed. These tannin sorghums are excellent antioxidants, which slow hydrolysis in foods, produce naturally dark-colored products and increase the dietary fiber levels of food products. Sorghums have high concentration of 3-deoxyanthocyanins (i.e. luteolinidin and apigenidin) that give stable pigments at high pH. Pigmented and tannin sorghum varieties have high antioxidant levels that are comparable to fruits and vegetables. Finger millet has tannins in some varieties that contain a red testa. There are limited data on the phenolic compounds in millets; only phenolic acids and flavones have been identified.     

加强闽台科技合作交流发展我省甘蔗业

概述了海峡两岸农业交流与合作的现状,提出了应该共同呼吁尽快实现两岸“三通”,开放农业生物技术图书期刊资料交流以及开放生物学科方面网络的思路,以便为农业交流与合作的顺畅开展打好基础,并寄希望能够就糖蔗、果蔗以及甘蔗笋等方面的研究与开发到台湾学习取经,开展学术交流或与台湾同行共同开展研究,为我省甘蔗业的发展作出贡献。     

种子加工、检验理论与技术现状及思考

种子加工及检验是种子向市场流通的关键，是商业化育种中赋予种子商品属性不可或缺的环节。种子加工、检验理论与技术的研究是完善种业产业链、实现规模化商业育种、夯实“育繁推一体化”种业科学的重要一环。中国的种业科学技术体系正在形成与完善之中，受制于行业发展水平，种子加工及检验理论与技术相对薄弱。本文回顾了种子加工及检验理论与技术研究发展历程，提出了完善中国种业科学发展的策略与建议。围绕种业发展的需要，在做好品种优质化繁育的基础上，分析种子加工及检验理论与技术的新方向和新需求，加强种业应用性研究，建立先进的种子质量检验体系，研制适合现代种业发展需求的种子加工设备，打造种子加工产业标准化生产体系，完善种业科学技术学科建设，促进种业产业持续健康发展。     

Tuber and starch quality of wild and cultivated potato species and cultivars

Summary Between 1993 and 1998 205 different potato cultivars and 1220 accessions/genotypes of wild and cultivated potato species from the IPK Genebank Gatersleben were evaluated. Parameters interesting for starch isolation and especially for the use of starch were determined. Altogether, there was a higher variability in wild potato species than in cultivated potatoes for all characteristics investigated: dry matter content, starch content, protein content, amylose content and mean particle diameter of starch granules.     

Yield and quality of winter and spring triticales for forage and grain

In field experiments conducted over 2 years in Mediterranean conditions, five winter and five spring triticales were evaluated for forage and grain production in the same cropping season. The experiments had two treatments, namely harvesting for grain only, and dual-purpose forage and grain production. In the latter treatment, forage was cut when the first node was detectable (Zadoks' stage 31), without removing the apical meristems. Grain was harvested when ripe (Zadoks' stage 92) in both cut and uncut plots.
Environmental conditions affected grain production and protein content more than forage yield and quality. Winter triticales yielded about 43% more forage than spring types, but after forage removal the spring types yielded about 36% more grain than winter triticales.
Reductions in grain yield after clipping were more pronounced in winter (32%) than in spring (19%) types. Forage crude protein content was significantly higher in the spring types studied (24.6%) than in the winter types (23.5%), the opposite being true for fibre content (20.7 and 21.6% respectively). Grain crude protein content did not differ between grain and dual-purpose treatments, but was higher in the spring triticales (12.8%) than in the winter types (11.9%). There was more variability for the measured traits within the winter triticales studied than within the spring types.     

种子加工、检验理论与技术现状及思考

种子加工及检验是种子向市场流通的关键,是商业化育种中赋予种子商品属性不可或缺的环节。种子加工、检验理论与技术的研究是完善种业产业链、实现规模化商业育种、夯实"育繁推一体化"种业科学的重要一环。中国的种业科学技术体系正在形成与完善之中,受制于行业发展水平,种子加工及检验理论与技术相对薄弱。本文回顾了种子加工及检验理论与技术研究发展历程,提出了完善中国种业科学发展的策略与建议。围绕种业发展的需要,在做好品种优质化繁育的基础上,分析种子加工及检验理论与技术的新方向和新需求,加强种业应用性研究,建立先进的种子质量检验体系,研制适合现代种业发展需求的种子加工设备,打造种子加工产业标准化生产体系,完善种业科学技术学科建设,促进种业产业持续健康发展。     

Present Situation and Consideration of Seed Processing and Testing Theory and Technology

Seed processing and testing hold the key to the market circulation of seeds, and are an indispensable link in commercial breeding to endow seeds with commodity attributes. The research of seed processing and testing theory and technology is an important link in improving the seed industry chain, realizing large-scale commercial breeding and consolidating the seed industry science of ‘integration of breeding, propagation and promotion’. The scientific and technological system of seed industry in China is being formed and perfected, which is subject to the development level of the industry. The theory and technology of seed processing and testing are relatively weak. We reviewed the development of seed processing and testing theory and technology, and put forward strategies and suggestions to improve the sound development of China’s seed industry. In order to meet the needs of seed industry development and on the basis of high quality breeding of varieties, the new directions and demands of seed processing and testing theory and technology were analyzed. We will work to strengthen the applied research of seed industry, establish advanced seed quality inspection system, improve seed processing equipment suitable for the development needs of modern seed industry, establish standardized production system of seed processing industry, develop the scientific and technological disciplines of seed industry, and promote the sustainable and healthy development of seed industry.