松毒蛾药剂测定及其在林间防治中的应用

1990年6月,在省龙里林场开展防治松毒蛾的工作中,我们对防治中使用的几种主要药剂敌杀死、速灭杀丁、灭幼脲Ⅲ号等药剂,进行了室内外防治效果测定。现将情况整理如下。     

江西园林植物香樟主要病虫害防治地方标准初探

江西园林植物香樟主要病虫害防治标准主要用于指导江西的香樟病虫害防治工作.对主要病虫害防治策略和技术提供了明确的可操作的细则;提出了农药安全使用的原则、病虫害防治中允许使用的生物制剂和化学制剂种类和剂量、禁止使用的化学品种等主要内容.     

生物防治简介

以生物防治为主的综合防治,是当前农林植保的新发展。世界各国都在用以生物防治为主的综合防治代替单一使用化学农药防治方法。几百年来,在植物保护中,化学防治占有重要地位。特别是自有机杀虫剂、杀菌剂问世以来,给植物保护工作带来了巨大的变化。由于有机杀虫剂、杀菌剂广泛使用,把病虫害的防治工作提高到了一个新的水平,为农林业生产的增产创造了有利条件。但是,随着化学农药长期大量使用,也带来了一系列付作用:农药中毒问题已引起了许多     

使用杀虫烟剂防治松毛虫的試驗报告

一、绪言自从1956年林业部森林经营局,在河南商城县大面积使用(26)111-A杀虫烟雾剂,进行防治松毛虫试验取得成功后,引起了我国林业界的巨大注意。主要是这种方法工作效率高,省劳力,不需任何机械设备,且能解决目前我国防治森林害虫工作中存在的山地缺乏水源,树木高大喷雾器喷射不到的困难。     

松杆菌防治松毛虫试验

近年来,各地开展微生物防治,应用松杆菌《松烛杆菌1.294Bacillusthuringiensis,dendrocimum》防治松毛虫,杀虫效果显著。松杆菌防治松毛虫具有对人畜无毒害,不污染环境,毒杀力强,防治成本低等优点,是一种值得推广应用的微生物细菌剂。我们在1979年越冬代和1980年第一代松毛虫防治工作中,使用本所土法生产的产品,分别在本县林丰林场,枚棠公社阳山进行了野外林地杀虫试验,现小结如下:     

灭幼脲类仿生制剂的应用及其前景

综述了山东省自1984年开始，特别是自1987年以来各年度使用灭幼脲防治森林害虫的详细情况，包括防治害虫种类、多种使用方式、使用浓度、防治时期、防治效果、亚致死作用的初步观察等经验；肯定了灭幼脲在防治森林害虫中，其他防虫制剂不可替代的特殊作用以及使用中的注意事项和目前存在的问题；对灭幼脲类仿生制剂的使用前景进行了展望。     

丹东地区园林病虫害防治中存在问题及对策

文章详细介绍了城市园林病虫害防治中存在的问题,有针对性地提出了防治对策。切实做好预测预报工作,正确选用无公害农药,应用拟除虫菊酯和新型杀虫剂。通过植株茎部、根部施药技术,低量、静电啧雾技术的使用,使城市园林植保工作朝着健康的方向发展。     

玉林推广生物农药防治森林害虫

为了实现国家林业局提出的森防工作“四个转变”，力争２００１年有新突破，玉林市森防站在森林病虫害防治措施上，重点抓了从以化学防治为主向以生物防治为主的转变。玉林市历年来有使用生物农药白僵菌防治松毛虫的传统，白僵菌防治作业面积一般达到年防治作业面积的９０％以上。但因受气候和白僵菌自身生理特性的影响，白僵菌使用一般只限于越冬代和第一代松毛虫防治使用，第２～４代由于气温高、湿度低，防治效果较差，只能采用化学农药防治。化学农药防治虽然能收到较好的当前防治效果，但常常会出现虫死光、天敌灭、生态受损、虫灾不断…     

固原市甘肃鼢鼠防治实践

本文通过对固原市近6年来甘肃鼢鼠防治实践的总结,对生产中一些做法进行归纳,分析防治中存在的问题,探讨进一步搞好防治工作的措施,提出自己对防治工作的思考。     

国家森林病虫害防治信息系统的应用

森林病虫害防治信息管理系统,是国家林业局为切实做好林业有害生物分布、发生、危害的动态监测,及时做好各种森林病虫害防治扑灭工作而研制开发的,集数据库处理和网络技术于一体。自治区林业厅三大国有林管理局在国家2011年推行使用新版“森林病虫害防治信息系统”时才开始运用该软件传输林业有害生物发生、防治数据。具有操作有提示,使用更简单,容易掌握;报表结果更直观,     

枸杞果柄分离力与果实、果柄形态及内源激素含量间的关系

为了探讨枸杞果柄分离力与果实、果柄形态及内源激素间的关系,从而为枸杞鲜果新品种选育及其鲜果产业发展提供理论依据,分别以蒙杞2号和宁杞7号为试材,采用酶联免疫法测定了果实与果柄中ABA、IAA、GA_3、ZR的含量,分析了枸杞果实发育期内果实与果柄的形态及内源激素和果柄分离力间的关系。结果表明:果柄分离力随着果实的发育成熟而不断降低,其与单果质量、果实纵径、果实横径间均有显著的负相关性,其相关系数分别为-0.771、-0.862、-0.883;果柄分离力与果实中各内源激素的相关系数均较高,而与果柄中各内源激素的相关系数均较低。果实中的ABA含量在果实膨大初期开始上升,至果实成熟期,蒙杞2号果实中的ABA含量下降,而宁杞7号果实中的ABA含量仍较高;果实中的IAA含量逐渐下降,并显著低于果柄中的IAA含量,蒙杞2号果实中的IAA含量低于宁杞7号果实中的IAA含量;果实中GA_3与ZR的含量均逐渐下降,且宁杞7号果实中GA_3与ZR的含量均高于蒙杞2号的;果柄中GA_3与ZR的含量变化均不明显;ABA、GA_3、ZR在宁杞7号果实与果柄中的含量比均高于其在蒙杞2号果实与果柄中的含量比,宁杞7号果实中ABA/(IAA+GA_3+ZR)之值也高于蒙杞2号果实中ABA/(IAA+GA_3+ZR)之值。文中综合分析认为,ABA、GA_3、ZR在枸杞果实与果柄中的含量比和果实中ABA/(IAA+GA_3+ZR)之值均高可能是导致果柄分离力小的主要原因。     

余姚地区松幽天牛发生情况及其在枯死马尾松根部分布规律的初步研究

调查了松幽天牛(Asemum amurense)在余姚地区的发生情况及其幼虫在枯死松树根内的分布规律。结果表明,松幽天牛在余姚地区1年发生1代,以幼虫在松树根内越冬。4月中旬开始化蛹,5月中旬成虫开始羽化,6月上旬成虫开始产卵,7月下旬卵开始孵化。松幽天牛在余姚地区的平均危害率达42.9%,其发生与土壤理化性质密切相关。松幽天牛幼虫在主、侧根内的分布数量差异显著,主根内的幼虫数显著多于侧根内。还依据松幽天牛的生活学特性提出了松幽天牛的防治措施     

落叶松水曲柳纯林与混交林根际土壤中养分浓度的变化

在落叶松水曲柳纯林与混交林中,采集林地土和根际土,测定了氮、磷、钾浓度,目的是探讨养分条件变化在混交林增产上的作用。结果表明:混交林林地土全氮浓度和水解氮浓度与水曲柳纯林相近,但要高于落叶松纯林。水曲柳在混交林中根际土全氮和水解氮浓度与纯林中的相近,而落叶松在混交林中根际土水解氮浓度明显高于纯林中的。混交林林地土全磷和全钾浓度与两个树种的纯林相差不大。混交林林地土有效磷、有效钾浓度均高于水曲柳纯林,而且水曲柳在混交林中根际土的有效磷和有效钾浓度与纯林中的相比明显增加,分别高出44.1%~79.6%和13.5%~25.6%。这说明水曲柳在混交林中磷和钾的利用状况得到了改善。表2参15。     

生长环境及收获期对野鸦椿属植物三萜类化合物含量的影响

【目的】研究不同生境和收获时间对圆齿野鸦椿不同部位总三萜类化合物积累的影响情况,为其药用价值和科学栽培的研究奠定基础。【方法】选择3个低海拔地区的8年生圆齿野鸦椿,分别于2014年11月和2015年3月采集其叶片、枝条和果实,选择高海拔地区6年生的野鸦椿和圆齿野鸦椿,于2014年8月分别采其叶片和枝条,对其总三萜类化合物含量进行了测定和比较分析。【结果】1)8月采集的叶片中三萜类化合物的含量,野鸦椿高于圆齿野鸦椿,且其含量差异呈显著性水平;但是,8月采集的枝条中三萜类化合物含量,野鸦椿低于圆齿野鸦椿。2)圆齿野鸦椿不同部位的总三萜类化合物含量存在差异,且2个月份采集的含量高低顺序均为叶片>枝条>果皮>种子,均以叶片中的含量为最高,依次为9.06%(农大)、7.14%(清流)和6.85%(邵武)。3)11月采集的圆齿野鸦椿样品中的三萜类化合物含量高于3月所采样品中的含量,其叶片中的总三萜类化合物含量最多可提高172.91%。4)圆齿野鸦椿叶片、果皮和种子中的三萜类化合物含量与试验地的海拔高度、年降水量均表现出极显著的负相关关系,与年均气温存在极显著的正相关关系,其叶片中的三萜类化合物含量还与年均无霜期呈正相关关系,其枝条中的三萜类化合物含量与各地理和气象因素之间的相关性均不显著。【结论】圆齿野鸦椿的叶片采收期长于野鸦椿;低海拔、较少降水量和年均气温较高有利于圆齿野鸦椿植株对三萜类化合物的累积,这3个因子可以作为圆齿野鸦椿适宜栽培区域的划分指标;夏季采摘野鸦椿叶片,秋冬季采摘圆齿野鸦椿叶片,所采叶片的总三萜类化合物的含量均较高。     

Boron in forest trees and forest ecosystems

This review critically examines the role of boron (B) in forests in view of recent findings on B nutrition and the continuing occurrence of B deficiency. Many perceptions about the role of B in plants and its uptake and mobility have been altered since the last review on B in forest trees in 1990. Now there is evidence for a fundamental role of B in the formation of the pectic structure in primary cell walls in plants, and further roles in membrane function are being explored. In plants, channel-mediated B uptake, active B uptake and B uptake by mycorrhizas have been shown, B transporters have been identified, and B retranslocation has been shown. We explore these findings and their consequences on forest trees and on ecosystems that they dominate. Particular emphasis is placed on B retranslocation and B in mycorrhizal symbiosis, given their importance in trees.     

福建绿竹不同种源含水率与持水量研究

通过对永安和龙海绿竹不同种源含水率与持水量的研究,结果表明:不同种源的生物量与持水量呈正相关。林冠层持水量随生物量增加的幅度较大,而地下部分持水量较小,林下植被与凋落物层居二者之间。永安试验点各种源林冠层和地下部分的生物量与持水量高于龙海试验点,林下植被层生物量也高于龙海,但持水量低于后者。永安试验点的①、⑤、②号种源,龙海试验点的③号种源林冠层和地下部分生物量较大,持水量较高,永安试验点的⑧号种源,龙海试验点的④号种源2个指标均较小,林下植被与凋落物层的生物量与持水量则较高。     

百山祖冷杉枝叶营养元素含量与适生立地土壤养分关系分析

研究了百山祖冷杉(Abies beshanzuensis)分布区适生立地表层土壤养分及其与百山祖冷杉枝叶营养元素含量的相关性.结果表明,土壤pH5.11～6.42,土壤有机质含量、全氮含量、速效磷含量、速效钾含量分别为119.075 0g/kg、2.196 2g/kg、15.016 3mg/kg、136.215 2mg/kg;百山祖冷杉对土壤N、P、K富集能力均较高,而对微量元素富集能力较弱,且枝部和针叶均未检出Na元素;较高的土壤N含量,可相应显著提高百山祖冷杉叶N、K含量水平,较高的土壤P含量,则显著抑制百山祖冷杉叶对K和枝对N的积累水平,较高的土壤Cu含量显著降低了Cu元素在叶器官中的积累,而显著增加了枝条中Cu和Zn的积累水平,较高的土壤Fe含量则显著促进了针叶中Fe元素和枝中Fe、Mn元素的积累水平.     

Cambial Anatomy and Annual Rhythm of Secondary Xylem Development in the Twigs of Azadirachta indica A. Juss. (Meliaceae) Growing in Different Forests of Gujarat State

Abstract

Seasonal behavior of vascular cambium and development of secondary xylem were studied in the 2-3-years-old branches of Azadirachta indica A. Juss. (Meliaceae) growing in moist deciduous (MDF), dry deciduous (DDF) and scrub land (SF) forests of Gujarat State. Development of xylem began with the sprouting of new leaves in January in both MDF and DDF. Xylem production culminated in July in MDF whereas it reached peak in April and July in DDF. Cambial cells ceased to divide with the maturation of leaves in November and October in MDF and DDF, respectively. Mature xylem and phloem derivatives surrounded the cambium in December in MDF and November in DDF. Radial growth in the branches of trees growing in SF was found continuous throughout the year with peak cambial activity in April, July and November. In all the three forests, maximal radial growth was encountered in July when the rains were heavy. Cambial activity and xylem development showed significant correlation with the phenology of the trees in MDF and DDF whereas cambium was found active throughout the year and no correlation was found between the cambial activity and phenology in SF.     

The status and conservation of whooper swans (Cygnus cygnus) in China

There are five species of swan in the world. Three of them were recorded in China. They are whooper swan (Cygnus cygnus), whistling swan (Cygnus columbianus) and mute swan (Cygnus olor). Among them. whooper swan is the most famous in China. Whooper swan is a resident bird in China. They breed in Xinjiang Ugyur Autonomous Region. Inner Mongol Autonomous Region. Heilongjiang Province. etc., and winter in Qinghai. Shandong. Henan Province, etc, and the lower reaches of the Changjiang River. The total number in China is about 5.000 in breeding grounds and 15.000 in wintering grounds. Higher number were found in 1960s. Because of the changes in environment and hunting, of picking up eggs and of catching nestlings, their population is being reduced rapidly. They are in danger now. In order to protect the whooper swans, some protection measures must be taken, such as strengthening public education and scientific research, estabilshing a base of raising and breeding: developing international cooperation, strengthening the construction of natural reserves in the breeding and wintering grounds. Up to the end of 1993. 34 natural reserves have been established in China. (Responsible Editor: Sun Yueqi)     

Productivity status of traditional agrisilviculture system on northern and southern aspects in mid-hill situation of Garhwal Himalaya, India

The productivity of traditional agrisilviculture system (agricultural crops + trees) was investigated in the northern and southern aspects of mid-hill situation in Garhwal Himalaya, Uttarakhand, India during the 2004-2006. A total of 19 tree species were studied in both northern and southern aspects, out of which 17 tree species were selected in northern aspect and 12 tree species in southern aspect for phytosociological characteristic analysis of trees in agrisilvicultural system. The most dominant tree species are Grewia optiva, Celtis australis and Melia azedarach and successively grown under traditional agrisilviculture system. The results show that the annual productivity of all tree species was 3775 kg·ha-1·a-1 in northern aspect (site-N) and 3101 kg·ha-1·a-1 in southern aspect (site-S). G. Optiva had the highest productivity in both site-N and site-S among the tree species, followed by M. Azedarach, Quercus leucotrichophora and C. Australis. The dominant agricultural crops were Eleusine coracana in summer cereals, Phaseolus vulgaris in summer pulses-oilseeds and Triticum aestivum in the winter season in the area. The average biological productivity of agricultural crops in northern aspect was about 16% higher than that in southern aspect under traditional agrisilviculture system. The sole agricultural crop productivity (without trees) in northern aspect was also higher than that in southern aspect. An obvious difference in annual productivity of trees and agriculture crops was observed between northern aspect and southern aspect. The overall productivity in traditional agrisilviculture system (crop + tree) was 24% (in northern aspect) and 21% (in southern aspect) higher than that in sole cropping system.