生长环境及收获期对野鸦椿属植物三萜类化合物含量的影响

【目的】研究不同生境和收获时间对圆齿野鸦椿不同部位总三萜类化合物积累的影响情况,为其药用价值和科学栽培的研究奠定基础。【方法】选择3个低海拔地区的8年生圆齿野鸦椿,分别于2014年11月和2015年3月采集其叶片、枝条和果实,选择高海拔地区6年生的野鸦椿和圆齿野鸦椿,于2014年8月分别采其叶片和枝条,对其总三萜类化合物含量进行了测定和比较分析。【结果】1)8月采集的叶片中三萜类化合物的含量,野鸦椿高于圆齿野鸦椿,且其含量差异呈显著性水平;但是,8月采集的枝条中三萜类化合物含量,野鸦椿低于圆齿野鸦椿。2)圆齿野鸦椿不同部位的总三萜类化合物含量存在差异,且2个月份采集的含量高低顺序均为叶片>枝条>果皮>种子,均以叶片中的含量为最高,依次为9.06%(农大)、7.14%(清流)和6.85%(邵武)。3)11月采集的圆齿野鸦椿样品中的三萜类化合物含量高于3月所采样品中的含量,其叶片中的总三萜类化合物含量最多可提高172.91%。4)圆齿野鸦椿叶片、果皮和种子中的三萜类化合物含量与试验地的海拔高度、年降水量均表现出极显著的负相关关系,与年均气温存在极显著的正相关关系,其叶片中的三萜类化合物含量还与年均无霜期呈正相关关系,其枝条中的三萜类化合物含量与各地理和气象因素之间的相关性均不显著。【结论】圆齿野鸦椿的叶片采收期长于野鸦椿;低海拔、较少降水量和年均气温较高有利于圆齿野鸦椿植株对三萜类化合物的累积,这3个因子可以作为圆齿野鸦椿适宜栽培区域的划分指标;夏季采摘野鸦椿叶片,秋冬季采摘圆齿野鸦椿叶片,所采叶片的总三萜类化合物的含量均较高。

Influences of habitats and harvest periods on triterpenoid contents in Euscaphis plants

【Objective】To lay a foundation for medicinal value and scientific cultivation,influences of habitats and harvest periods on accumulation of total triterpenoids in different parts of Euscaphis konishii were studied.【Method】Leaves,branches and fruits of 8-year-old E.konishii were collected in November 2014 and March 2015 from three low-altitude areas,leaves and branches of 6-year-old E.japonica and E.konishii were collected in August 2014 from high-altitude areas,and total triterpenoids contents in them were determined and compared.【Result】1)Content of triterpenoids in E.japonica leaves collected in August is higher than that of E.konishii,and difference is significant.But content of triterpenoids in E.japonica branches collected in August is lower than that of E.konishii.2)Contents of total triterpenoids in different organs of E.konishii are different,and both of orders of organs collected in two months are leaves,branches,pericarps,seeds based on its contents from high to low,and contents in leaves are the highest,which are 9.06%(ND),7.14%(QL)and 6.85%(SW),respectively.3)Content of triterpenoids in E.konishii samples collected in November is higher than that in March,and content of total triterpenoids in leaves can be increased by 172.91%.4)Triterpenoid contents in leaves,pericarps and seeds of E.konishii show very significant negative correlations with altitude and annual precipitation,and very significant positive correlation with annual average temperature.Meanwhile,triterpenoid content in leaves is also positively correlated with average frost-free period,and that in branches is no significant correlation with each geographical and meteorological factor.【Conclusion】Harvest period of E.konishii leaves is longer than that of E.japonica.Low altitude,less annual precipiatation and high annual average temperature are beneficial to accumulation of triterpenoid in E.konishii,which can be used as indexes for division of suitable cultivation area.E.japonica leaves collected in summer and E.konishii leaves collected in autumn and winter have higher contents of total triterpenoids.