淡水养殖梭鱼全人工繁殖通过技术鉴定

河北省水产研究所承担研究的“淡水养殖梭鱼全人工繁殖技术”课题,9日23日通过了部级鉴定。与会专家一致认为该成果无论在理论上或技术上均处于世界领先地位。“淡水养殖梭鱼全人工繁殖技术”课题。是农牧渔业部水产局1983年正式下达的。河北省水产研究所陈惠彬等同志组成的研究小组,经过几年艰苦努力,精心设计,反复试验,克服了重重困难,使梭鱼在内陆水域中达到性成熟,完成了梭鱼淡水全人工繁殖技术的研究,并可应用于生产:①采用外源药理学方法,     

环境盐度对梭鱼脑下垂体及性腺发育的影响

本文研究了海水梭鱼、淡水池养梭鱼、少盐水池养梭鱼的性腺发育和脑下垂体的组织学变化；介绍了淡水和少盐水池养梭鱼的人工催产结果；提出了人工繁殖的措施。环境盐度可以影响垂体前叶(RPD)和垂体间叶(PPD)的相对大小。前叶的增大伴随着间叶的减小。淡水和少盐水池养梭鱼的前叶比海水梭鱼的前叶大61．3％，催乳素分泌细胞活动增强，相反，前者的间叶较后者的间叶小45．8％，促性腺激素分泌细胞活动减弱。淡水和少盐水池养梭鱼的卵母细胞滞留在Ⅳ期初向Ⅳ期中过渡阶段，仅少部份卵母细胞可发育到Ⅳ期中。这些雌梭鱼极大多数不能催产成功，仅两尾雌梭鱼催产成功，分别获得了34尾和17尾仔鱼，成活了17-18小时，淡水和少盐水池养的雄梭鱼可以成熟。     

我国鲻科鱼类人工繁殖达国际领先水平

淡水饲养鲻科鱼类人工繁殖是世界性攻关的课题。以色列、美国等国和地区研究多年,均未解决“淡水不育症”问题。我国河北省水产研究所研究人员对淡水环境中养殖的梭鱼,首创一条全新的鱼类人工繁殖技术路线,即创造性将现代医学神经学新领域脑神经介质成功地应用于梭鱼人工     

黄河三角洲地区“上农下渔”池塘健康养殖梭鱼技术

梭鱼(Mugil soiuy),在山东又称红眼鱼,属鲻科鱼类,该鱼生长快、适应性强、抗逆性好、肉质细腻、味道鲜美,是黄河三角洲地区主要的淡水养殖品种之一。近年来,垦利县海洋与渔业局利用“上农下渔”池塘对梭鱼的高产高效技术进行研究,取得了明显的成效,现介绍如下,供大家参考。     

鲻鱼与梭鱼

鲻鱼与梭鱼同属于鲻科鱼类,广泛分布于太平洋、印度洋、大西洋、地中海、黑海等热带和亚热带水域。我国沿海均有分布,一般南方沿海以鲻鱼为多,北方沿海则以梭鱼为主,故有“南鲻北梭”之称。鲻、梭鱼为广盐性的浅海中上层鱼类,喜欢栖息、在沿海近岸。海湾及江河入海口水域。鲻鱼的适盐范围为0～40‰,在海、淡水中部能生活,梭鱼从纯淡水到38‰的海水中均可生活,既能在海水中养殖也能在淡水中养殖。鲻、梭鱼对温度的适应范围也很广,鲻鱼的适应水温为3～35℃,12～25℃是最适水温;梭鱼较之鲻鱼耐温低,冬季冰下水温1℃时也能生活。     

加州鲈鱼池套养梭鱼试验

梭鱼又名肉棍子、红眼鱼，属硬骨鱼纲、鲈形目、鲻科、梭鱼属。梭鱼对盐度和温度有较强的适应性，在海水、咸淡水及淡水中均能生活。多年的养殖实践证明，梭鱼是一个具有适应性强、生长速度较快、养殖投资小、经济效益较高的优良水产养殖品种。近年来，不仅在沿海地区大力进行梭鱼养殖，而且在内陆淡水区域也逐步开始养殖。梭鱼既可主养，也可与淡水鱼类、蟹、虾混养，在池塘混养中能有效利用池塘饵料，在不增加投饵量的情况下，     

梭鱼的疾病防治

梭鱼(见彩中插2)属鲻形目梭属,外部形态与鲻鱼相似,但脂眼睑不发达,生活于沿海和河口,也能生活在淡水中,是广温、广盐性鱼类。自然状况下刮食硅藻类及腐败有机质,也食底栖生物。池塘养殖中可利用人工配合饵料。在养殖品种中有“南鲻北梭”的说法。在江苏及以北地区主要以梭鱼养     

梭鱼淡水池塘主养密度对比试验

梭鱼又名肉棍子、红眼鱼,属硬骨鱼纲、鲈形目、鲻科、梭鱼属。梭鱼对盐度和温度有较强的适应性,适应盐度围0～38。在海水、咸淡水及淡水中均能生活,适应水温3～35℃,最适水温12～25℃,当水温低于-0.7℃时停食。野生梭鱼分布在我国沿海河口港湾的咸淡水交汇处,随着人工繁殖育苗的成功,沿海地区规模开展人工养殖已经多年,多年的养殖实践证明,梭鱼是一种生长较快、适应性较强、抗病性好、养殖投资小、市场走俏的养殖品种。     

梭鱼在池塘中自然繁殖的初步观察

<正> (梭鱼Mugil So-iuy Basilewsyky)是一种广盐性的海水鱼,在咸淡水或淡水湖泊、池塘内都能生长良好。梭鱼的繁殖一般都在沿岸带和海湾进行,亦能在淡化水域产卵。作者自1973年开始研究梭鱼人工繁殖问题。1976年成功地将低盐度咸淡水池塘中养成的梭鱼,经过产前的强化培育和提高池水盐度     

我国鱼类全人工繁殖技术上又一重大突破——淡水养殖梭鱼全人工繁殖技术通过部级鉴定(该项成果在理论上技术上均居世界领先地位)

河北省水产研究所主持,曲周县水产试验站协作承担的“淡水养殖梭鱼全人工繁殖技术”研究,经过五年艰苦探索研究已获得成功,九月二十三日在河北承德市通过了部级技术鉴定。梭鱼是渤、黄海近海一种重要的经济鱼类,适盐范围广,既能在海水、半咸水中养殖,又可在淡水中与四大家鱼混养,其肉质     

Cu2+对大型蚤生长和繁殖的影响

研究了不同浓度Cu2+对大型溞生长和繁殖的毒性影响.试验观察了大型溞的繁殖指标(产第1胎时间、每只溞所产总幼溞数、每只溞所产总胎数和内禀增长率),同时还观察了存活和生长(体长)2个指标.试验结果显示,随着Cu2+浓度的增加,内禀增长率显著F降,但是生长和存活仅在9.6μg/L Cu2+浓度下显著下降.产第1胎时间随Cu2+浓度增加而延长;表明Cu2+低浓度下对水生生物的长期慢性影响不容忽视.大型溞繁殖指标可作为水环境Cu2+污染预警生物标志.     

斑节对虾“红体病”细菌性病原的初步研究

从患“红体病”的斑节对虾中分离到８个菌株,通过致病力试验证实其中两个菌株是引起斑节对虾“红体病”的主要病原,使对虾死亡率分别达到７０％和９０％。根据生化试验,确定这两个菌株分别是嗜水气单胞菌和副溶血弧菌。抗药性实验的结果表明,嗜水气单胞菌菌株对强力霉素较为敏感,副溶血弧菌菌株对氟哌酸、红霉素、青霉素和强力霉素较为敏感。     

Hormonal changes during meiotic maturation and ovulation in the brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis)

The plasma levels of estradiol-17 (E2), 17, 20-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one (17,20-P) and gonadotropin (GTH) were measured in brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) during the period from the end of vitellogenesis to postovulation. Blood samples were taken according to specific stages of maturation, including germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD) and ovulation. E2 levels were quite high (45 ng/ml) at the end of vitellogenesis (and prior to GVBD) and dropped precipitously by GVBD (2 ng/ml). They remained low through ovulation and postovulation. 17,20-P levels were low prior to GVBD (0.7 ng/ml) and increased dramatically at GVBD (148 ng/ml). The levels of 17,20-P remained high at ovulation (142 ng/ml) and then dropped significantly within 24 h to approximately half of the ovulatory values. They decreased even further by 7 days postovulation. GTH levels rose gradually through GVBD and ovulation from a postvitellogenic level of approximately 3 ng/ml to a 7 day postovulatory value of approximately 10 ng/ml. The overall results; 1) decrease in estradiol prior to GVBD, 2) increase in 17,20-P at GVBD and 3) gradual GTH rise through GVBD and ovulation, are similar to those reported for other salmonids.     

中草药复合添加剂在刘家峡水库网箱养鳟中的应用试验

为研究中草药复合添加剂“富康163”对水库网箱养殖靬金鳟和虹鳟生长效果的影响,分别设置了两个试验箱和对照箱。试验箱添加2%“富康163”,在水温13℃～20℃条件下,经42d的养殖试验,结果表明,相同含量的“富康163”对不同饲养密度的网箱养殖靬金鳟和虹鳟的增重倍数、日平均增长率、饲料系数和成活率均产生不同程度的影响,其中以放养密度高的虹鳟试验箱增产效果尤为显著。     

鄱阳湖区1971-2010年水域时空变化研究

采用GIS技术、遥感技术、资料与图件收集和定量分析模型等相结合的综合研究方法,对鄱阳湖区1971-2010年来的水域变化进行分析.结果表明:近40年来鄱阳湖区水域面积呈减少趋势,其中水面面积变化表现为逐步降低再升高的“V”形趋势,滩涂、沼泽地面积分别为上升再降低的倒“V”形的趋势,草洲面积在1971-1985年间大幅度减少,后保持较稳定;水域面积变化在空间上也不尽相同,表现为南部变化快,北部、尤其是西北部变化较小,空间变化主要受自然因素影响.定量分析影响鄱阳湖水域因素得出,鄱阳湖水域的变化和社会经济指标没有显著的相关性,主要是受“围湖造田”和“平垸行洪、退田还湖”等政策的影响.     

In vitro steroidogenesis by testicular fragments and ovarian follicles in a hybrid sturgeon, Bester

In this study, developmental changes in the steroidogenic capacity of testicular fragments and isolated ovarian follicles of a hybrid sturgeon, Bester, at a variety stage of developments were examined. Testicular fragments or isolated ovarian follicles were incubated in L-15 medium in the presence or absence of different concentrations of five preparations; forskolin, human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG), pregnenolone (P₅), 17-hydroxyprogesterone (17OHP) and testosterone (T) for 18 h at 15 °C. After incubation, concentrations of 11-ketotestosterone (11 KT) (testis) and, 17-estradiol (E₂) (ovarian follicles) and 17,20-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one (DHP) (testis and ovarian follicles) were measured. 11KT was detected in the media following incubation with P₅, 17OHP and T. Its concentration was higher during late spermatogenesis and prespermiation and lower at the degeneration stage. Both P₅ and 17OHP were converted to DHP during the prespermiation stage. Forskolin had little stimulatory effect on the synthesis of 11KT and DHP and HCG did not induce the production of these steroids.E₂ was detected in the medium following incubation of follicles with P₅, 17OHP and T at all stages of oocyte development. The concentration of E₂ in the medium increased during vitellogenesis with the peak production occurring at the tertiary yolk stage. In contrast, the potencies of follicles to produce steroids shifted to the production of DHP during migratory nucleus stage. Forskolin and HCG had little effect on the synthesis of E₂ and DHP. These results demonstrated that the failure of spontaneous spermiation or ovulation is not due to the insufficient synthesis of DHP, but may due to the lack of availability of precursors.     

"三渔问题"与渔业管理制度——基于辽东湾海蜇捕捞的考察

相比"三农问题","三渔问题"远未获得重视.文章通过对辽东湾海蜇捕捞的考察,沿着渔业资源的特征这条主线,深入地探讨渔民的经济行为和社会冲突,揭示现存海蜇管理制度的缺陷.笔者认为,对于辽东湾海蜇捕捞,基于产权的渔业共同管理模式是一种有效的方案.     

17α,20β,21-trihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one and 17α,20β-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one stimulated spermiation in protandrous black porgy, Acanthopagrus schlegeli

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of sex steroids on spermiation in protandrous male black porgy, Acanthopagrus schlegeli. Experiments on common carp (Cyprinus carpio) were also conducted for comparison. Fifty male black porgy were divided into 5 groups and injected with a superactive analogue of mammalian luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LHRH-A), 17,20,21-trihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one (20-S), 17,20-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one (17,20-DHP), 11-ketotestosterone (11-KT) or saline. The dosage of the sex steroids given on days 0, 2, 4 and 6 was 330, 330, 990 and 1980 µg kg^-1 body weight, respectively. Milt volume and sperm concentrations were measured on days 0, 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10. Similar treatments were also conducted in 45 male common carp. Milt volume was significantly increased in black porgy after treatment with 20-S and 17,20-DHP; 17,20-DHP had stimulatory effects on spermiation at a lower dose (900 µg kg^-1 body weight, p < 0.05) as compared to 20-S (1980 µg kg^-1 body weight, p < 0.01). In the common carp, milt volume was also increased after treatment with LHRH-A and 17,20-DHP but not with 20-S. 17,20-DHP stimulated spermiation at a lower dose in common carp (330 µg kg^-1 body weight) than in black porgy (990 µg kg^-1 body weight). However, 11-KT did not stimulate spermiation in black porgy or common carp. The concentrations of plasma 11-KT could immediately reflect to the administration of exogenous 11-KT in black porgy.     

Seasonal,reproductive, and nutritional influences on muscle “buffering capacity” in yellow perch (Perca flavescens)

Effective non-bicarbonate buffering capacity (or buffer value) was measured in white muscle of yellow perch (Perca flavescens) by titrations with mineral acid and base in a carbon-dioxide free, closed system. Yellow perch were collected at three month intervals throughout 1983 from an acidic lake (pH 4.6) and two alkaline lakes (pH 7.8) in northern Wisconsin. Buffering capacity was also determined for white muscle of perch kept in the laboratory under different regimes of temperature and ration. The mean buffering capacity of white muscle from yellow perch taken directly from natural environments ranged from 40.7 ± 3.1 (SD) slykes in March of 1983 to 53.7 ± 2.8 (SD) slykes in July of that year. These changes in buffering capacity were strongly correlated with water temperature. Egg production and thirty-day laboratory starvation produced significant decreases in buffering capacity and increases in the water content of yellow perch muscle. Fed perch in the laboratory had a temperature dependent buffering capacity similar to field caught fish. Buffering capacity of white muscle did not differ between yellow perch from acidic and alkaline lakes. Investigators using buffering capacity as a gauge of species differences in metabolic potential, should be wary of seasonal and reproductive factors that might alter their conclusions.     

Melatonin, but not somatostatin-14 influences in vitro steroidogenesis by ovarian follicles of rainbow trout

Ovarian follicles taken from sexually maturing rainbow trout at the mid-vitellogenic stage of ovarian development were incubated in vitro in the presence or absence of melatonin or somatostatin-14 (SRIF-14) to determine whether there is evidence of a direct action of these factors on gonadal steroidogenesis in fishes. The steroidogenic capacity of the ovarian follicles was assessed by measuring testosterone (T) and 17-estradiol (E₂) release into the incubation medium, and by examining the steroid metabolites produced following incubation of follicles with radiolabelled steroid precursors.Melatonin appears to elicit a biphasic effect on steroidogenesis by in vitro rainbow trout ovarian follicles; at a concentration of 1 × 10^–3 M, melatonin stimulated basal T and E₂ production, but at a concentration of 1 × 10^–2 M there was an inhibition of basal and sGtH-stimulated T and E₂ Melatonin may act to reduce the activity of specific steroidogenic enzymes, since there was evidence of melatonin at 1 × 10^–2 M enhancing the accumulation of [³H]17-hydroxyprogesterone in the medium following incubation with [³H]pregnenolone, possibly suggesting the inhibition of C_17,20-lyase activity. In contrast, SRIF-14, used at concentrations of 1 × 10^–8 M and 1 × 10^–6 M, had no effect on basal or sGtH-stimulated E₂ or T production by ovarian follicles, incubated in vitro.