玉米粉醪液同步糖化发酵工艺研究

【目的】为玉米粉酒精发酵提供理论依据。【方法】以玉米粉为原料,采用同步糖化发酵法进行酒精发酵,并利用正交试验获得最佳发酵工艺。【结果】玉米粉醪液同步糖化发酵的最佳工艺条件为：将料水比调至1．0：2．0,料液pH调至5．5,在温度为33℃的条件下发酵3d。【结论】该最佳发酵工艺制成的醪液酒精度可达15．1％（v／v）,为玉米粉大量应用于生产燃料酒精打下基础。     

低盐风味麦辣酱发酵工艺研究

利用燕麦和黄豆原料,通过根霉Q303和米曲霉AS3.042微生物发酵,制备麦酱原醅,再与碎鲜辣椒混合,加入泡菜发酵液进行发酵,制备低盐风味麦辣酱。采用单因素和正交试验方法,对低盐风味麦辣酱的工艺参数进行了研究。结果表明：麦酱制醅的最佳条件为：根霉Q303、米曲霉AS3.042的接种量3‰、温度28℃、时间48 h;麦酱酱醅后熟温度45℃、后熟时间10 d、盐质量分数7%;低盐风味麦辣酱的最佳质量配比为麦酱∶碎鲜辣椒=1∶1、接种5%的泡菜发酵液、发酵温度为28℃、发酵时间5 d。     

豆粕固态发酵产活性肽的发酵条件优化

以豆粕粉为原料,采用固态发酵法,接入产酶能力较强的米曲霉、黑曲霉和混合细菌进行发酵,以多肽转化率为指标对发酵过程中的发酵条件进行优化,单因素试验优化的发酵条件为:发酵时间102 h,发酵温度32℃,接种量4%。采用响应面分析法确定最适发酵工艺条件为:接种量2.6%,发酵温度32℃,发酵时间96～98 h,得到的大豆肽转化率为38.13%。层析柱分析得到分子量在500～1 000 Da之间的肽段是具有特殊生理活性的功能肽。     

发酵豆乳饮料的研究制

发酵豆乳饮料是豆乳经乳酸菌发酵,配以辅料（蔗糖、稳定剂、酸味剂、无菌水）调配而成的乳酸菌饮料。为了探索乳酸菌发酵豆乳的最佳条件,进行了Ｌ９（３＾４）正交试验,确定豆固形物浓度为７％,蔗糖添加量为９％,混合菌种比例Ｌ／ｓｔｒ为１：３,发酵温度为３７℃,在接种量为５％,发酵时间１４ｈ条件下,乳酸菌生殖生长最好。发酵豆乳经辅料调配,确定最佳配比。产品口感细腻,酸甜可口,风味独特,是营养保健型发酵饮料。     

响应面法优化针叶樱桃黄酒的发酵工艺

以针叶樱桃和粳米为原料,在单因素实验的基础上,采用Box-Behnken响应面法对针叶樱桃黄酒发酵工艺进行优化。结果表明,在酒曲添加量0.8%、糖化温度31℃、糖化时间68 h、酿酒酵母添加量0.8%、液料比为1.1∶1、针叶樱桃果浆添加量33%、发酵温度26℃、发酵时间4 d时为最佳发酵工艺参数。该最佳酿造工艺条件下,研制得针叶樱桃黄酒的色泽橙黄,清亮透明,特征香气浓郁,口感醇厚柔和,酒精度13.8%vol,感官评分96.4。果粮混酿酒一直是热带水果酿酒的发展方向。酿制针叶樱桃黄酒,开发黄酒新品种,对丰富市场具有重要的现实意义。     

用菠萝皮,渣酿制白兰地的初步研究

研究以生产菠萝罐头的下脚料－菠萝皮和渣为原料生产白兰地酒的新工艺，发酵工艺条件对产品质量的影响的试验结果表明：在菠萝皮，渣自然酸度条件下可正常发酵；糖浓度１５％酒精产量最高；液态发酵酒精产量最高，固态发酵酒精产量低，但甲醇含量低，质量好。     

利用能源植物斑茅纤维固态发酵产纤维素酶及其糖化的研究

以能源植物斑茅(Erianthus arundinaceus)为材料,对其纤维成分、产酶条件和糖化条件进行了分析。结果表明:斑茅含有纤维素43.77%、半纤维素28.57%、木质素11.01%;对斑茅进行预处理后,纤维中纤维素的含量提高至72.54%,半纤维素含量降低至13.02%,木质素的含量降低至3.34%。利用预处理的斑茅纤维进行固态发酵产酶,其最佳的产酶条件为:茅麸比1∶3,固液比1∶2,氮源(脲)0.75%,初始pH 5.0,32℃发酵培养72 h;相对于利用未经预处理的斑茅纤维为原料,其FPA酶活提高210.9%,达到20.74 U/g,CMC酶活提高239.1%,达到218.26 U/g。以纤维素酶对斑茅纤维进行糖化,糖化率达到40.60%。     

豆清饮料发酵及贮藏过程中品质变化及动力学研究

为研究豆清饮料发酵及贮藏过程中的品质变化,并构建发酵动力学、稳定性动力学和热力学模型.以豆清液为主要原料,添加低聚果糖、麦芽汁、麦芽糖和酒花发酵成豆清饮料,每隔2 h取样测定豆清饮料在发酵过程中的微生物总数、还原糖和总酸,采用经典的Logistic、Luedeking-pirret模型进行非线性拟合,构建豆清饮料的发酵动力学模型.将豆清饮料贮藏在不同温度(25,35,45℃)条件下,每隔5 d取样分析贮藏过程中离心沉淀率、总酸、色差值、黏度、pH和感官评分的变化规律,运用Arrhenius方程建立豆清饮料稳定动力学及热力学模型.结果表明:发酵过程中的微生物生长呈现S型、总酸的生成与菌体的生长属于部分偶联型.构建模型的Pearson相关性分别为0.989,0.978和0.983,说明试验值与模型值拟合度比较高.贮藏过程中,随着时间的延长,离心沉淀率、色差、粘度呈现递增趋势,感官评分呈现递减趋势.根据离心沉淀率、色差值、黏度和感官评分相关系数(R2＞0.9),建立离心沉淀率、色差值、粘度与感官评分、温度之间的动力学及热力学模型,得到离心沉淀率、色差值和粘度预测模型误差CV平均值分别为4.93％、9.24％、7.64％,表明豆清饮料发酵动力学及稳定性动力学和热力学模型可以用于豆清饮料发酵和贮存稳定性预测.     

黑参调配乳饮料配方的研究

开发一款新型的具有抗疲劳、提高免疫力的功能性饮料的乳饮料,以黑参和牛奶为主要原料,加入酒曲发酵后调配,以产品发酵感官、产品感官为指标,通过正交实验优化其配方。结果表明最佳发酵工艺为:黑参添加量为1.2%,酒曲发酵,添加量为0.6%,室温浸泡2h,37℃发酵3.5h,最佳配方工艺为:白砂糖5.5%,柠檬酸0.1%,草莓香精0.09%。该实验为黑参乳饮料的开发提供了参考。     

乳酸菌发酵花生红衣饮料研究

花生红衣富含原花青素等有益健康成分，但口感苦涩，限制了其在食品中的应用。乳酸菌发酵能显著改善花生红衣口感，发酵后的花生红衣饮料富含原花青素和益生菌等有益成分，酸甜适口、风味独特。本研究采用乳酸菌发酵花生红衣提取物，通过单因素试验和响应面法优化了发酵工艺条件。试验结果显示，较优的发酵条件为料液比1:130、乳酸菌添加量为0.79%、白糖添加量为11.0%,pH值为6.32±0.04,发酵时间为8.4 h,发酵液的感官评分为97.00±0.76。该研究首次利用乳酸菌发酵花生红衣饮料，为提高花生红衣的利用率、拓宽其应用范围提供了技术支持。     

糯小麦与普通小麦的固态发酵特性比较

为阐明糯小麦与普通小麦在固态发酵特性方面的差异,分别以糯小麦糯麦12和普通小麦09WB4为原料,进行酒曲固态发酵实验,比较两种小麦发酵过程中的物质动态变化,并以糯麦12为原料,设计正交实验,确定最佳发酵工艺。结果表明,糯小麦的产酒精速率快于普通小麦,糯小麦的酒精含量在发酵3d达到基本稳定,而普通小麦在5d时才达到基本稳定,且糯小麦的最终酒精含量高于普通小麦;两者的还原糖含量都是在发酵3d时达到最低值,之后基本保持稳定;pH值先降低后升高,最后基本稳定在一定范围,总酸的变化趋势与之相反;氨基态氮含量在整个发酵过程中缓慢增加。糯小麦所产原酒在总糖、酒精含量方面优于普通小麦,但酸度高于普通小麦,且氨基酸态氮和挥发酯略低。糯小麦进行酒曲发酵的最佳工艺条件为:发酵温度30℃,用曲量0.8%,发酵时间5d。综合分析,糯小麦的酒曲固态发酵特性与效果优于普通小麦。     

凝固型豆酸奶发酵菌种的选择

以大豆为主要原料,浸泡磨浆,对发酵的凝固型豆酸奶进行了菌种选择.选择出3种发酵菌种进行菌种复配并确定了培养条件和培养基成分.结果表明:乳酸乳球菌1#、2#和3#菌种发酵的豆酸奶好于普通酸奶菌种保加利亚乳杆菌和嗜热链球菌,并且1#、2#和3#菌株最佳配比为5∶3∶2;发酵温度30℃,发酵时间10 h;通过L9(33)正交...     

Effects of initial air removal methods on microorganisms and characteristics of fermented plant beverages

The effects of 3 different methods for removing the initial air on the properties of fermented plant beverages produced from phom-nang seaweed (Gracilaria fisheri) and wild forest noni (Morinda coreia Ham.) were investigated. Only method M which covered the space above the fermentation liquid with a water filled plastic bag produced no surface film of yeast, had the highest acidity and also antibacterial activity from both plants after 90 days of fermentation. However, the yeast count still exceeded the standard guidelines for plant beverages. The fermented beverage from wild forest noni showed more antibacterial activity against 3 of 4 pathogenic bacteria tested than that from the phomnang seaweed, probably for its higher levels of acidity and ethanol content. Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) isolated from the fermentation samples from days 1-5 using the method M from both fermented plant beverages were Leuconostoc mesenteroides supsp. mesenteroides and Leu. mesenteroides subsp. dextranicum while presence of Lactobacilus plantarum was only recorded at days 4-5 in the wild forest noni beverage. From days 6-14 the isolates were Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus fermentum and Lactobacillus brevis from wild forest noni beverage, whereas only L. brevis was not detected in the seaweed beverage. During days 21-45 both beverages had a similar LAB population of L. plantarum and L. brevis while L. coryniformis was only found in the wild forest noni beverage. Between days 60-90 in both plant beverages only L. plantarum and Lactobacillius sp. were detected.     

利用啤酒废弃物培养Bt的条件与补料优化

以污水源分离菌株Bt BRC-WLY1为供试菌,以啤酒废弃物为培养基,单因素实验优化发酵条件,并探讨补麦芽糖、预处理后的新鲜啤酒酵母液（下称酵母液）和KH2PO4的不同补料成分和补料时间对发酵水平的影响。结果显示,优化的最佳发酵条件是初始pH7.5~8.0、装液量80 mL、发酵温度30 ℃、接种量5％。最佳补料方式为发酵8 h,加入10％的酵母液,与未补料对比,芽胞数、晶体干重、生产强度和单位糖产量分别提高了8、1.78、0.98、3.07倍。     

Current perspectives on the role of enzymes in brewing

The brewing of beer is a very traditional process, based upon a complex endogenous enzymology occurring during the malting of grain, mashing of grist and fermentation. The relevant cereal-derived enzymes that are involved are reviewed. It is likely that the production of alcoholic beverages in breweries in the projected future will assume different paradigms, procedures which are already realistic for the production of flavoured alcoholic beverages (malternatives) and “near-beer” drinks (happoshu and other beer-like beverages) in Japan. A range of exogenous enzymes—such as glucanases, acetolactate decarboxylase and prolyl endopeptidase—are available for enhancement of the existing brewing process.     

Current perspectives on the role of enzymes in brewing

The brewing of beer is a very traditional process, based upon a complex endogenous enzymology occurring during the malting of grain, mashing of grist and fermentation. The relevant cereal-derived enzymes that are involved are reviewed. It is likely that the production of alcoholic beverages in breweries in the projected future will assume different paradigms, procedures which are already realistic for the production of flavoured alcoholic beverages (malternatives) and “near-beer” drinks (happoshu and other beer-like beverages) in Japan. A range of exogenous enzymes—such as glucanases, acetolactate decarboxylase and prolyl endopeptidase—are available for enhancement of the existing brewing process.     

米曲霉40214高产中性蛋白酶发酵条件的优化

运用现代生物学技术,对米曲霉40214菌株发酵产中性蛋白酶的培养基组分及培养条件进行优化,旨在提高菌株产中性蛋白酶的产量。通过单因素实验和正交实验确定了发酵培养基的最佳组分,添加葡萄糖8.0%,酵母粉4.0%,Na2HPO40.10%;最适发酵条件为发酵温度28℃,初始pH值6.5,发酵时间96 h,加水量60.0%,经过优化后酶活性提高了1.75倍,达到2 845.68 U/mL,实验为进一步提高米曲霉40214菌株产中性蛋白酶的能力并将其应用到食品发酵中奠定了理论基础。     

分级固态发酵生产甘蔗尾梢饲料工艺研究

以甘蔗尾梢为主要原料,采用分级固态发酵技术研究生产甘蔗尾梢饲料的工艺条件,通过单因素和正交实验,对一级发酵工艺中接种量、水分含量、一级发酵时间和二级发酵工艺中精粗比、二级发酵时间5个因素进行了优化。结果表明：当接种0.15%发酵菌剂于一级发酵底物中,调整其水分含量为50%,密封常温发酵5 d后按3∶7比例将一级发酵料与新鲜甘蔗尾梢混合均匀,压实密封进行二级发酵,21 d后甘蔗尾梢饲料品质最佳。所得甘蔗尾梢饲料粗蛋白含量为15.24%,粗纤维含量为24.03%。分级固态发酵技术可快速、有效提高甘蔗尾梢饲料中粗蛋白含量,同时降解粗纤维,改善饲料适口性,可应用于甘蔗尾梢饲料的制备。     

Flaking as a corn preparation technique for dry-grind ethanol production using raw starch hydrolysis

A 2³ full-factorial study was designed to study the effect of corn preparation methods (flaking and grinding) on dry-grind ethanol performance using raw starch hydrolysis (RSH) process. Moisture content (15, 22%), flaker roller gapsetting (0.508 mm, 1.016 mm), and grinding were studied. Fifteen hundred g of corn samples were cracked, roller pressed, and were either ground further or retained, along with control ground corn. A bimodal size distribution was observed for ground corn, regardless of flaking. Moisture at 22% resulted in bigger-sized flakes with d₅₀ between ∼1.3 and 1.8 mm, compared to ∼138–169 μm for ground corn. Not all ground corn resulted in higher ethanol concentration in fermentation beer; the ethanol levels in beer did not reflect the starch hydrolysis trend that favored ground corn. In a related study, the beer ethanol concentration did not show a clear trend with rollermill gapsetting while fermenting the flakes produced at 0.203, 0.305, 0.406, and 0.508 mm gapsettings. Generally, flakes from corn at 22% moisture resulted in higher ethanol content in beer. Rollermill flaking was found comparable to hammermill grinding for dry-grind corn ethanol via raw starch hydrolysis and yeast fermentation.     

固态发酵高温豆粕制备多肽饲料的最优发酵工艺条件研究

以高温豆粕为原料,研究了枯草芽孢杆菌固态发酵法制备多肽饲料的最优发酵工艺.首先对影响固态发酵多肽得率的培养基组成进行了研究,采用正交试验确定了最佳的固态发酵培养基为:豆麸比2∶1,加水量110%,加蜜量4%.然后对影响固态发酵中多肽得率的发酵工艺参数进行了研究,采用响应面分析法(RSA)确定最佳发酵工艺条件为:接种量1...