豫北地区小麦亩产超500公斤栽培模式研究报

从1986年始,我们选用冀5418和偃大7916品种,进行小麦高产栽培试验,研究小麦亩产超500公斤的形态生理指标与小麦超高产栽培模式。1988~1989年度在安阳县水冶镇北段村的106亩高产田,实现了小麦平均亩产515.6公斤。其中6.7亩冀5418,亩产达640.9公斤,12.5亩偃大7916,亩产达578.0公斤。1989~1990年度,该地又实现了平均亩产502.1公斤,有10亩冀5418,亩产达596.6公斤,9.8亩偃大7916,亩产达552.0公斤。     

小麦亩产超500公斤栽培模式

为探索豫北地区实现小麦亩产超500公斤之路,从1986年始,我们选用冀5418和偃大7916品种,进行小麦高产栽培试验,研究小麦亩产超500公斤的形态生理指标与小麦高产栽培模式。1988—1989年度在安阳县水冶镇北段村的106亩高产田,实现小麦平均亩产515.6公斤,其中6.7亩冀5418,单产达640.9公斤,12.5亩偃大7916,单产达578.0公斤。1989—1990年度,该地又实现亩产502.1公斤,有10亩     

北京地区高产小麦品种的冠层形成、光截获和产量

北京地区的小麦在平均亩产突破300公斤之后,要继续高产稳产,极需进一步地改善品种的产量潜力。本研究将叶面积指数(LAI)、光截获(LI)、光衰减系数(?)、叶面积持续时间(LAD)、干物质积累(DMA)、作物生长速度(CGR)等性状与冠层形成联系起来,研究它们与产量的关系。几年来,通过7个高产品种的14个冠层参数对籽粒产量的相关、通径     

对我国夏玉米亩产900～1000公斤高产品种选育目标的探讨

对我国夏玉米亩产９００～１０００公斤高产品种选育目标的探讨李登海（山东省莱州布农科院玉米研究所２６１４００）随着我国农业生产条件的逐步改善，玉米生产正向大面积的低产变高产和小面积高产再高产的方向发展。为达年亩产吨半粮（小麦５００公斤，夏玉米１０００公...     

苎麻新品种“湘苎3号”

该品种是以优质品种“黑皮蔸”为母本，多父本自然杂交，从杂种后代中选育出的高产、优质、抗病苎麻新品种。其特点是：1．原麻产量商，平均亩产150—200公斤，高产可达2150公斤以上，比目前当家品种“芦竹青”增产10％以上，在丘陵山区可增产20％-30％；     

灌区大豆高产栽培技术

黑农33是从黑龙江省春播大豆中筛选出适宜我区北疆种植的中早熟优良大豆品种。1992年经自治区品种审定委员会认定,准予在我区大面积推广种植。为了探讨该品种亩产250~300公斤的高产栽培技术,我们于1992年在农八师143团18连进行了大面积高产栽培试验,结果在109亩地上获平均亩产289公斤的好收成。现根据试验与调查结果,对黑     

从养分平衡探索高产之路——作物养分平衡诊断与调节系统的研究与应用

一、作物的高产纪录和最高产量潜力估算据文献报道,目前国内外主要粮食作物所创造的高产纪录,已达很高水平。以水稻为例,澳大利亚、美国和日本先后创造了亩产稻谷1097公斤、1089.6公斤和876.6公斤的纪录。我国江苏省徐州农科所的杂交水稻也达到900公斤;美国的灌溉地小麦和旱地小麦亩产最高分别达到940.5公斤和607.5公斤,我国青海     

鲁白8号大白菜

品种来源:原代号丰抗70,系山东省莱州市西由种子公司在中国农业科学院蔬菜研究所和山东省农科院有关专家的指导下,培育成功的一种高产、抗病、早熟的大白菜新一代杂交种,1988年山东省品种审定委员会审定为鲁白8号。产量表现:经1987～1989年3年示范试种,亩产10500公斤,高产地块达13500公斤,比其它品种增产21～40％,在区试中位居榜首。     

西引二号大麦常见病害的发生特点及对策

西引二号大麦是西北农学院从日本引进种植的六棱饲料大麦,属半冬性品种。1990年在东台市示范种植,1991年进行了大面积推广。一般亩产300～350公斤,高产田块可达400公斤。但是,我们发现,该品种在病害发生方面比较严重,并且少数病害对产量     

粳稻“中系8409”5亩平均单产752.5公斤

1989年我市从中国农科院引进中系8409,在品种比较试验中,亩产593公斤,名列第一。1990年全市推广中系8409水稻1354亩,在大旱之年,全市水稻大幅度减产,主栽品种Clo2亩产仅208公斤,而中系8409市产375公斤,比Clo2增产39.9%。1991年我市用中系8409等国内外7个品种进行高产试验,其中有日本超高产品种北陆125、北陆130、奥     

高产玉米杂交种模式化选育的研究

对３１个高产玉米杂交种的产量与其构成因素，形态性状，生理性状，穗部性状，抗病害性状以及这些性状之间进行了典型相关分析，根据山东的生态条件和玉米杂交种的现状，优化了每公倾１５００￣１６５００ｋｇ的杂交种模型。探讨了各类性状间的有机联系和综合协调发展的产量潜力。     

大麦若干经济性状的遗传特性分析

按Hayman方法对8×8完全双列杂交F_1的6个性状进行基因效应分析与模型检验,株高、穗长、实粒数符合加性-显性模型.株高、实粒数为部分显性,加性方差和显性方差均显著,基因的加性效应比显性效应更重要;穗长为超显性,显性基因效应比加性基因效应更重要.对杂交F_1、F_2进行配合力效应值分析表明,一般配合力方差和特殊配合力方差对所研究性状均重要,多数性状为加性基因效应占主导.亲本85G63、81-18、82-14为最佳配合者,其主要经济性状一般配合力好.杂交F_1各性状均有明显杂种优势,组合间和性状间的优势具有显著差异,以单株籽粒产量优势最强,其余依次为实粒数、穗长、株高、小穗粒数和千粒重.     

叶面肥对无土栽培樱桃番茄性状的影响及产量与植株性状的数学模型研究

为了探索樱桃番茄无土栽培在海南热带地区种植效果及植株产量效应,本研究通过增施不同量叶面肥,设计3种处理、3次重复随机试验,并对试验最佳效果的植株产量、株高和茎粗建立相关数学模型。结果表明,增施叶面肥较传统施肥有明显增产效果,平均增产2250 kg/hm²,增产20.2%。而樱桃番茄株高与产量、茎粗与产量具有显著相关性,其模型分别为Y_单株产量=(47.92060X_{株高-24.95763)² (P= 0.0114＜0.05)和Y单株产量=(61.885X茎粗-46.97988)² (P=0.0372＜0.05),符合植株生长趋势变化。因此,在海南开展樱桃番茄无土栽培是可行的,且可以通过调控来调节植株生长情况从而提高产量,增加经济效益。}     

An evaluation of an index method of selection for high yield in turnip rape,Brassica campestris L. ssp. oleifera Metzg

Summary Substantial variation in yield, its primary components and several vegetative characters which influence yield was observed among a series of families drawn at random from a low erucic acid variety of turnip rape. A sib analysis of family means showed all characters to have relatively high heritabilities, although yield was, together with seed weight and specific leaf weight, in a group having the lowest values.Several characters, including flowering time, leaf area and leaf weight, had appreciably higher heritabilities than yield, however, none appeared to be a suitable alternative criterion for selection as the expected correlated responses to selection for these characters were lower than the direct response to selection for yield. The expected genetic advance in yield from the simultaneous selection for a number of these characters using a selection index technique, was significantly greater than that expected from selection for yield alone. Selection indices based either on yield components or vegetative characters were, at best, only as efficient as selecting directly for yield. Several indices including measurements of both yield components and vegetative characters were, however, expected to facilitate a greater rate of advance in yield than direct selection.The practical value of such indices in improving rapeseed yields in Western Australia was discussed with reference to the additional costs involved in their use and their accuracy in environments where genotype x environment interactions are likely to be high.     

不同施肥模式对夏玉米产量及生长发育的影响

研究不同施肥模式对玉米产量和生长发育影响,探讨玉米最佳机械化施肥模式,为玉米全程机械化生产提供依据。连续2年在河南不同生态区进行多点试验,以‘郑单958’为材料,设置4种施肥模式,比较不同施肥模式下夏玉米产量及生长发育等。结果显示,与对照传统模式比,机械2次施肥的产量和氮肥效率均增加8.8%,穗粒数增加5.9%,千粒重增加1.2%,最终干物质增加9.8%,果穗性状也有一定幅度提高;与经验模式比,机械2次施肥的产量、干物质、果穗性状、氮肥效率等指标与之接近。由此得出,机械2次施肥是较理想的玉米机械化施肥模式。     

不同蔗区甘蔗品种（系）分蘖性状比较及其对产量和产量构成因子的影响

为明确不同蔗区甘蔗品种（系）间的分蘖性状差异及其对产量及产量构成因子的影响,在3个蔗区的5个试验点对4个不同甘蔗品种（系）的分蘖农艺性状、产量构成因子进行显著性、相关性、变异系数和通径分析。结果表明,不同蔗区甘蔗品种（系）间的分蘖性状差异显著,分蘖率和分蘖苗数对有效茎的产生具有重要作用;根据分蘖农艺性状的差异将甘蔗分为低分蘖甘蔗品种（系）（新台糖22号、桂糖42号）和高分蘖甘蔗品种（系）（桂热2号、凉蔗03-81）,与高分蘖甘蔗品种（系）产量相关性最高的产量构成因子是有效茎数（0.76^**）,低分蘖甘蔗品种（系）则是单茎重（0.83^**）,高分蘖（0.64^*）和低分蘖品种（系）的分蘖率（0.68^*）与有效茎数呈显著正相关关系;有效茎数对2种类型甘蔗产量的直接通径系数最大,是影响甘蔗产量的主要因子;分蘖苗数和分蘖率的变异系数最大,具有较高的改良潜力。综上所述,分蘖可以显著提高有效茎数,从而影响甘蔗产量,且影响甘蔗产量和产量构成因子之间的关系。     

Genetic control of alfalfa seed yield and its components

Seed yield is of little agronomic importance in alfalfa (lucerne) but is critical in the marketing of varieties. In order to develop breeding criteria, the quantitative genetics of seed yield components must be studied. The objective of this study was (1) to evaluate combining ability for seed yield and its components and (2) to estimate the genetic control of these same characters. A 7 × 7 diallel mating design, including reciprocals, among parents from different varieties, and a 7 × 7 factorial design within the ‘Flamande’ population were evaluated. In the diallel design, where the progenies were evaluated over two growing seasons, a high genotype effect was found for seed yield and its components while genotype × year interaction was only significant for seed yield per plant. General combining ability (GCA) effects explained most of the variation due to genotype effect. Specific combining ability (SCA) and reciprocal effects were only significant for seed yield per plant. ‘Europe‐1’, ‘Rival‐5’ and ‘Medalfa‐7’ were the most promising parents, conferring the highest GCA for most of the characters evaluated, especially for seed weight per inflorescence. In the factorial design, seed weight per pod was the only character for which the year effect was not significant. Male and female effects were significant for all characters and these effects were larger than the male × female interaction variance for all the characters. These results were stable over the 2 years for most characters. Additive variance was larger than dominance variance, for all traits. This resulted in high narrow‐sense heritabilities, especially for seed yield per plant, seed weight per inflorescence and number of seeds per pod. Seed weight per inflorescence and number of seeds per inflorescence were highly correlated with seed yield per plant among the full‐sib (FS) families, in both experiments. Increase in seed yield potential in alfalfa could be achieved by the use of seed weight per inflorescence as a selection criterion.     

Factor analysis of fodder yield components in oats

Summary The causative sources of common variation of seven components of fodder yield in oats were analysed, using the centroid method of factor analysis. Two factors together accounted for most of the inter-correlations of these characters. Factor 1 had different degrees of positive loading on all characters, the highest being on the fodder yield. Factor 2 affected negatively a few and positively the remaining characters. The plant height and fodder yield were affected positively by Factor 1 and negatively by Factor 2. Factor 1 and 2 were significantly negatively associated with each other. The fodder yield components in the material studied seem to be influenced by the two interacting hormonal systems. The implications of the findings, in selecting for high quality and high yielding varieties of fodder oats, are discussed.     

低酚棉产量、纤维品质性状的遗传分析

本文以32个低酚棉品种（系）为材料,对10个产量、纤维品质性状进行的遗传分析结果表明：低酚棉多数产量构成因素与皮棉产量为正相关,提高衣指、降低籽指虽可提高衣分和单株结铃数,但不利于增加单铃重;高产、优质的矛盾主要表现在纤维长度、比强度与衣分和单株结铃数有较强的负相关。在较大群体的基础上,通过早代的正向选     

小麦冠层结构与产量及其构成因素的典范相关分析

选用２０个小麦品种（系）,采用典范相关分析方法,分析了小麦冠层结构与产量及其构成因素的相关性。结果表明,产量与其构成因素和植株特性呈显著相关,穗粒数和穗数对产量和单株产量的贡献均较大,干物重和株高对产量的贡献最大;叶长与产量呈显著相关,倒三叶长对产量的影响最大,对单株产量的影响３片叶相近;茎壁厚、节间长与单株产量呈显著相关。产量构成因素与各冠层结构特性均存在显著的典范相关。茎壁厚和节间长与茎粗均相关显著;在叶片特性中,除叶宽与披垂度相关不显著外,其余各组性状间均相关显著。