低聚木糖对草鱼生长性能及血液生化指标的影响

试验探讨在草鱼饲料中添加不同浓度梯度的低聚木糖对草鱼生长性能和血液生化指标的影响.取180尾草鱼鱼种,随机分为6组,1组为对照组,不添加低聚木糖,2～6组为试验组,低聚木糖添加量分别为0.1%、0.2%、0.3%、0.4%和0.6%.养殖56 d后,对试验草鱼增重率和血液生化指标进行测定.结果表明,添加0.4%低聚木糖组增质量和血清总蛋白水平比对照组和其他组显著提高,但其尿素氮水平和胆固醇含量比对照组显著降低,因此,最适低聚木糖添加量为0.4%.     

姜黄素对草鱼肝损伤修复作用研究

为了考察姜黄素对草鱼肝损伤的修复作用,选用患有肝胆综合症草鱼为研究对象,以草鱼肝组织形态及血清生化指标为主要考察指标,进行了姜黄素的肝损伤修复作用初步研究.试验结果显示,姜黄素拌饲投喂7d后,给药组、对照药组与空白对照组相比,肝功能相关的生化指标(MDA、AST、ALT、LDH、T-SOD、CAT、GSH-PX)以及肝脏病理得到较为显著改善.结果表明,姜黄素对草鱼肝损伤具有一定的修复作用.     

饲料中添加茶氨酸对草鱼免疫和血清生化指标的影响

研究饲料中添加茶氨酸对草鱼免疫和血清生化指标的影响,探讨茶氨酸的最适添加剂量。试验采用单因素完全随机试验设计,选择360尾当年草鱼鱼种,分成4组,在基础日粮中分别添加0、0.4%、0.8%和1.2%的茶氨酸,每组3个重复,每重复30尾鱼,试验期8周。结果表明:与对照组相比,添加适量的茶氨酸能够提高草鱼血清补体C3、补体C4和免疫球蛋白M(IgM)水平;显著提高了草鱼血清中谷草转氨酶活力和葡萄糖、甲状腺激素、促甲状腺激素和皮质醇的含量,其他血清生化指标含量都有增加的趋势。由此可知,日粮中添加茶氨酸能提高草鱼非特异性免疫能力,显著提高了草鱼血清中部分与生长代谢相关的酶活力和激素含量。     

2种不同鱼类间生理生化指标及组织学观察的比较研究

对养殖条件下罗非鱼和草鱼的各项理化指标及组织学的观察进行比较研究.旨在为鱼类的健康养殖和调控技术的改进提供一定的基础理论依据.结果表明:罗非鱼的肥满度和肝水分含量显著高于草鱼,肝指数和内脏指数罗非鱼显著低于草鱼;血清丙氨酸氨基转移酶、天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶、白蛋白、总胆红素、白球比、血糖和二胺氧化酶含量罗非鱼均显著高于草鱼,碱性磷酸酶和血脂4项均显著低于草鱼;肝和肠道冰冻组织切片:草鱼肝和肠道的健康状况相对较好.综上所述,2种鱼中草鱼的整体健康状况可能相对较好.     

饲料中添加卤虫幼虫对草鱼生长性能及生理生化指标的影响

为了探讨饲料中添加卤虫幼虫对草鱼生长性能及生理生化指标的影响,实验采用单因素设计,选择健康体质量为7.1 g左右的草鱼600尾,随机分为4组,每个组3个重复,每个重复50尾,1组为空白对照组,饲喂基础饵料,2、3、4组为实验组,分别添加卤虫幼虫粉50、100、150 mg/kg,预实验7 d,实验期为56 d,实验结束测定草鱼生长性能及血清中生理生化指标。结果表明:实验3、4组的增重率和特定生长率显著高于实验1组(P0.05),实验2、3、4组存活率均高于实验1组(P0.05);实验3、4组的饵料系数显著低于实验1组(P0.05);2、3、4组实验草鱼血清中GLU含量均高于实验1组(P0.05),3、4组实验草鱼血清中TG含量及AST活性显著低于实验1组(P0.05),2、3、4组实验草鱼血清中ALT活性均低于1组(P0.05);同剂量的卤虫幼虫可以提高草鱼生长性能及血清中IgG、S-IgA含量,降低血清中ALT、AST活性及TG含量,以100 mg/kg添加量较为适宜。     

不同蛋白源对草鱼生长性能、血清生化指标及肠道组织形态的影响

文章旨在探讨不同蛋白源对草鱼生长性能、血清生化指标及肠道组织形态的影响。试验将初始体质量为（6.35.58±0.23）g的720尾草鱼随机分为6组，每组6个重复，每个重复20尾。对照组饲喂基础日粮，其他5个试验组在基础日粮上分别加入10%、15%、30%、50%和100%的肠衣蛋白粉（CM），分别记为S10、S15、S30、S50、S100组。预饲期1周，发现具有一定的可行性，正式期2个月，观察各组草鱼的生长性能、血清生化指标以及肠道组织形态。结果：（1）与对照组相比，S30、S50、S100组草鱼末重显著提高（P <0.05）。与对照组相比，S30、S50、S100组草鱼增重率显著提高（P <0.05）。与对照组相比，S30、S50、S100组草鱼特定生长率显著提高（P <0.05）。（2）与对照组相比，S10、S15、S30、S50、S100组草鱼血清中谷草转氨酶含量显著降低（P <0.05）。与对照组相比，S10、S15、S30、S50、S100组草鱼血清中谷丙转氨酶含量显著降低（P <0.05）。与对照组相比，S10、S15、S30、S50、S10...     

谷氨酸铜对罗非鱼和草鱼生长性能血清生化指标和体组成的影响

为研究谷氨酸铜制剂对罗非鱼、草鱼的生长性能、血清生化指标和鱼体组成的影响，选用180尾罗非鱼、135尾草鱼，分别随机分为3个处理组，每组3个重复，每个重复20或15尾。在基础饲料中添加五水硫酸铜作为对照组（10 mg/kg），试验组添加谷氨酸铜（高、低剂量组分别为10、5 mg/kg，按铜离子计），饲养8周。结果表明：与对照组相比，谷氨酸铜高、低剂量组罗非鱼的增重率分别提高3.9%和5.8%，草鱼的增重率分别提高4.0%和5.9%；罗非鱼特定生长率分别提高1.9%和3.3%，草鱼分别提高2.5%和3.5%；罗非鱼和草鱼的平均饵料系数分别降低7.6%和3.7%。两种鱼的血清生化指标及体组成各试验组间均无显著差别（P＞0.05）。由此可见，日粮中添加适量谷氨酸铜可提高鱼体的生长性能，且效果优于五水硫酸铜。     

草鱼的养殖技术

草鱼是我国重要的淡水养殖品种,生产健康优质的草鱼已成为草鱼养殖的发展方向。本文从草鱼的生物学特性、池塘条件、鱼种放养、养殖管理、适时捕获成鱼以及鱼病防治六个方面对草鱼养殖技术进行了介绍。     

黄土高原沟壑区金草鱼泉水与池塘养殖模式效果对比

为了探索适合黄土高原沟壑区金草鱼泉水池塘养殖模式,为金草鱼养殖提供借鉴依据,通过开展金草鱼与鲢鱼混养泉水池塘养殖和金草鱼与鲤鱼、鲢鱼混养泉水池塘养殖对比试验,对金草鱼泉水池塘两种养殖模式产量和效益进行比较分析。结果表明:金草鱼与鲢鱼混养泉水池塘养殖比金草鱼与鲤鱼、鲢鱼混养泉水池塘养殖每公顷产鱼高出2682kg,每公顷纯收入高出30460.5元,经济效益可观,金草鱼与鲢鱼混养泉水池塘养殖模式更符合黄土高原沟壑区池塘养殖,值得推广。     

网箱养殖草鱼成活率的技术对策探讨

草鱼是近几年在市场上受到广泛欢迎的鱼类，其肉质柔嫩、味道鲜美，是一种值得广泛推广的养殖鱼类。但草鱼的生长对养殖环境也有一定的要求，只有在符合科学养殖的条件下才能保证草鱼的成活率，取得期望的经济效益。网箱养殖草鱼是一种在水库或流动水域里放置网箱来保证草鱼养殖环境的养殖方式。本文就网箱养殖草鱼成活率来进行技术探讨。     

牛磺酸对草鱼生长、品质、消化酶和代谢酶活性的影响

本文旨在研究牛磺酸对草鱼的营养效应。选用体长12.5~13.0 cm,体重38.1~38.9 g的草鱼432尾,随机分为8个处理组,每组54尾,设3个重复,每个重复18尾。在饲料中添加0、200、400、600、800、1 000、1 400、1 800 mg/kg的牛磺酸,以0 mg/kg添加组为对照组,试验期30 d,研究牛磺酸对草鱼生长、品质、消化酶和代谢酶活性的影响。结果表明:(1)牛磺酸促进草鱼生长(除1 800 mg/kg添加量外)。添加量为600 mg/kg时,特定生长率(SGR)、肌肉、肝胰脏RNA/DNA比值、饲料效率(FE)和蛋白质效率最高(P<0.05);(2)饲料中添加牛磺酸后,草鱼体水分含量下降,体蛋白、体脂含量增加(P<0.05),灰分含量、内脏指数、肥满度各试验组之间差异不显著(P>0.05);(3)添加适宜牛磺酸(600~800 mg/kg),显著提高肝胰脏和肠道脂肪酶、淀粉酶的活性(P<0.05);(4)牛磺酸具有促进草鱼肝胰脏和肌肉转氨酶、碱性磷酸酶活性的作用。综合以上结果,草鱼饲料中牛磺酸的最适添加量为600 mg/kg。     

草鱼与青鱼、鳙鱼与团头鲂之间的细胞核移植

在草鱼与青鱼、鳊鱼与团头鲂之间进行核移植试验,获得了不同属鱼类间的草鱼细胞核和青鱼细胞质配合的核质杂种鱼——草青移核鱼幼鱼,以及不同亚科间的鳙鱼细胞核与团头鲂细胞质配合的核质杂种鱼——鳙团移核鱼,得率分别为0.9％和1.8％。核质杂种鱼的胚胎发育特征大多与受核体鱼相似,而形态特征大多与供核体鱼相似。表明胚胎发育明显受受核体细胞质的影响,而形态性状特征主要受供核体细胞核的影响。     

青海湖裸鲤乳酸脱氢酶的研究

采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳法对青海湖裸鲤的心脏，肾脏，肝脏，鳃, 肉和眼睛6种组织的乳酸脱氢酶同工酶进行了研究，同时与草鱼的相应组织做了比较。发现青海湖裸鲤有17条亚带，并用热变形实验初步确定这些亚带分属5种LDH同工酶，草鱼有11条亚带，并在其肾脏发现有X区带。     

不同采毛方式对长毛兔血清蛋白及含氮代谢物水平的影响

文章分析了3种方式（剪毛、直接拔毛和药物拔毛）对皖系长毛兔采毛前、采毛后0、4、8、24、48 h血清蛋白及含氮代谢物变化规律的影响.结果发现：3种采毛方式均显著上调血清总蛋白和肌酐水平,而血清白蛋白仅受药物拔毛影响而显著上调;药物拔毛显著上调血清总胆红素和直接胆红素水平,同时直接胆红素还受其他两种采毛方式影响而显著下调;两种拔毛方式（直接拔毛和药物拔毛）显著上调血清尿素和尿酸水平,但剪毛对这两个指标没有影响.长毛兔在采毛后48 h内,多数血清指标可恢复到采毛前水平,或呈恢复趋势;该研究筛选获得采毛应激指标血清总蛋白和肌酐,拔毛应激指标尿素和尿酸,同时发现肌酐、白蛋白和胆红素受地塞米松的显著影响.该研究结果可为初步揭示不同采毛方式应激生化机制提供参考.     

减毒沙门氏菌为载体的口服生长抑素DNA疫苗对草鱼的安全性

幼草鱼灌服10^8、10^9、10^10cfu／mL减毒沙门氏菌为载体的口服生长抑素DNA疫苗ZJ111／pcDNA3-SS，另设野生型鼠伤寒沙门氏菌（10^9cfu／mL）和PBS对照组，试验期20d，观察并比较各组死亡率。另取150g左右的草鱼灌服PBS、10^8cfu／mL ZJ111／pcDNA3-SS和10^8cfu／mL野生型鼠伤寒沙门氏菌组，7d后屠宰取肝和脾脏，做透射电镜切片观察。结果显示，灌服10^9cfu／mL ZJ111／pcDNA3-SS的幼鱼在试验期间死亡2尾，灌服10^8cfu／mL ZJ111／pcDNA3-SS和PBS的幼鱼采食和生长正常，灌服野生型S．typhimurium和10^10cfu／mL ZJ111／pcDNA3-SS的幼鱼死亡率分别为76．67％、26．67％。灌服10^8cfu／mL ZJ111／pcDNA3-SS的草鱼肝、脾细胞形态正常，肝脏线粒体略微肿胀，内质网间距略有增大，但病变特征不明显；10^8cfu／mL的zJ111／pcDNA3-SS对草鱼具有相对安全性。     

蒙古马与纯血马血液生化指标、免疫指标和抗氧化指标的比较分析

为了研究正常生理情况下,蒙古马与纯血马的血液生化指标、免疫指标和抗氧化指标是否存在差异,对上述指标在血清中的含量进行测定。结果表明,测定的10项血液生化指标中,纯血马总蛋白、球蛋白和谷丙转氨酶的含量低于蒙古马,差异显著（P〈0.05）,而白蛋白、白蛋白与球蛋白比、胆固醇、酸性磷酸酶的含量显著高于蒙古马,差异显著（P〈0.05）。免疫指标测定结果显示,纯血马IgA、IgG的含量低于蒙古马,差异显著（P〈0.05）,而IgM的含量纯血马高于蒙古马,差异显著（P〈0.05）。抗氧化指标（超氧化物歧化酶、丙二醛、羟自由基）测定中,纯血马与蒙古马之间无显著差异（P〉0.05）。该实验对马血液生化指标、免疫指标和抗氧化指标进行测定,以期对马匹疾病防治、抗病育种等研究提供参考。     

Goitrous hypothyroidism associated with treatment with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole in a young dog

CASE DESCRIPTION: A 16-week-old female Boxer that had been treated for 5 weeks with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and chloramphenicol because of aspiration pneumonia was evaluated for bilaterally symmetric masses in the subcutaneous tissues of the ventral neck, in the region of the larynx. CLINICAL FINDINGS: Fine-needle aspirates were obtained from the neck masses; cytologic examination revealed well-differentiated thyroid epithelial tissue. A blood sample was collected for serum biochemical and thyroid function analyses. Mild hyperphosphatemia, severe hypercholesterolemia, mild hyperkalemia, and a mild increase in creatine kinase activity were identified. Serum concentration of total thyroxine was less than the lower reference limit, and that of thyroid-stimulating hormone was greater than the upper reference limit. Findings were consistent with a diagnosis of clinical hypothyroidism in a skeletally immature dog. TREATMENT AND OUTCOME: Treatment with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole was discontinued. The dog was reevaluated 3 weeks later, at which time the neck masses were markedly decreased in size. Serum concentrations of cholesterol and potassium were lower; serum concentrations of total thyroxine and thyroid-stimulating hormone were near or within respective reference ranges. Age-appropriate increases in serum phosphorus concentration and serum alkaline phosphatase activity were also detected. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: To the authors' knowledge, this is the first report of antimicrobial-induced goiter in a dog. Cytologic examination of fine-needle aspirates and interpretation of data from serum biochemical and thyroid function analyses were needed to obtain a definitive diagnosis. Practitioners should include goiter among the differential diagnoses for ventral neck swellings in young dogs receiving potentiated sulfonamide antimicrobials.     

Hematology and serum biochemistry of Holstein dairy calves: age related changes and comparison with blood composition in adults

Specific reference intervals are needed for each animal species for appropriate interpretation of hematological and serum biochemical results. The aim of the present study was to investigate the blood composition of growing calves in order to evaluate the need for defining reference values for different age groups. Thirty two Holstein calves (18 male and 14 female) were blood sampled. A blood sample was taken within 24-48 h following birth and at 14, 28, 42, 56, 70 and 84 days of age. CBC determination and the measurements of some blood serum metabolites, enzymes, electrolytes and minerals were performed. There were significant age related changes for most hematological and biochemical parameters (p < 0.05) except for the numbers of band neutrophils and monocytes and the amounts of sodium, potassium, chloride and BUN. The results of the present study showed that for some hematological and biochemical parameters such as hemoglobin, MCV, MCH, MCHC, inorganic phosphorus, serum total protein, globulin, AST and ALP at the first three months of life and also, neutrophil numbers and glucose levels at the 24-48 h of life, the age specific reference values must be considered for precise interpretation of laboratory results.     

Baseline hematologic, endocrine, and clinical chemistry values in ducks and roosters

Venous blood samples were collected at 3-day intervals for a total of six samples from each of five adult male pekin ducks and five adult Ross roosters. Twenty biochemical, six hematologic, and three endocrine determinations were performed on each blood or serum sample collected. The data obtained provide reference values for future studies of avian species and illustrate the utility of an automated clinical chemistry analyzer in assessing multiple serum biochemistry values in small sample volumes obtained from birds.     

Calcium oxalate crystalluria in a goat.

As part of a routine health evaluation of an 8-month-old female Nubian goat, serum biochemical analyses and urinalysis were performed. Most serum biochemical values including concentrations of blood calcium and indicators of urinary system dysfunction, such as blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, and phosphorous concentrations, were within reference ranges. An aliquot of voided urine was hypersthenuric and acidic and contained numerous typical cuboidal-bipyramidal calcium oxalate dihydrate crystals and unique rectangular parallelepiped crystals that were confirmed by energy dispersive X-ray microanalysis as being of calcium oxalate dihydrate composition. We hypothesize that the calcium oxalate crystals resulted from a diet containing calcium and oxalic acid. Treatment was not administered, and the goat remained healthy during the ensuing year.