铅胁迫下小花南芥与玉米间作对根系分泌物 有机酸的影响

为了揭示Pb胁迫对间作和单作的超累积植物和作物根系分泌低分子有机酸的影响,研究设置400 mg·L?1Pb胁迫,采用水培曝气法试验,以玉米和小花南芥单作为对照处理,研究Pb胁迫下玉米和小花南芥间作对植物根系形态、根系分泌有机酸及Pb吸收的影响。结果表明:与单作相比,间作小花南芥情况下,玉米根系分泌物检测到乳酸;玉米分根条数、根表面积和根密度与单作相比分别增加60%、15%和42%,地下部和地上部干重生物量分别增加108%和75%,玉米地下部Pb含量下降44%;与单作相比,间作玉米条件下,小花南芥根系分泌物检测到乙酸和乳酸,小花南芥根系分泌物量与单作相比增加103%~1 700%,小花南芥地下部和地上部Pb累积量分别比单作增加49%和75%,转运系数增加22%。相关分析结果表明,单作小花南芥只有地上部Pb累积量与草酸显著相关,而间作小花南芥地下部和地上部Pb累积量与草酸、柠檬酸和苹果酸显著相关。研究表明超富集植物小花南芥与玉米间作体系,根系分泌的有机酸改变了Pb在小花南芥和玉米体内的累积特征,促进超累积植物小花南芥累积Pb,减少农作物玉米植株体内Pb含量。Pb胁迫下超累积植物小花南芥与玉米间作是一种可行的修复模式。     

NPK养分对Pb在土壤-玉米系统中转化行为的影响

采用根袋技术,研究了NPK养分对土壤-玉米系统中Pb转化行为的影响。试验设5个处理:NPK、NP、NK、PK和CK(不施肥)。结果表明,P对土壤中Pb有显著的固定作用,与不施P处理相比,根际与非根际土壤中交换态Pb降低了4%～9%,根际土壤残渣态Pb增加了5%～8%,非根际土壤增加了5%～12%。加入N后,土壤pH显著下降,P固Pb作用显著增强,交换态Pb降幅增加了1%～4%,残渣态增幅提高了3%～6%。根际土壤残渣态Pb含量较非根际显著降低,根际过程对土壤中残渣态Pb的形成有显著的抑制作用。这可能与根际土壤较高的可溶性有机物含量、微生物活性以及酸性环境等有关。CK处理玉米地上部Pb含量最高,施P大大降低了玉米地上部Pb含量,其约为CK处理的1/2。与NK相比,CK地上部Pb含量也显著增加。因此,Pb在低肥力污染土壤中,生物有效性更大。     

模拟干湿交替环境作用下狗牙根根系分泌物对消落带Pb的影响

为探究狗牙根根系分泌物对消落带Pb迁移能力和生物有效性的作用,通过模拟试验,选取三峡库区消落带优势植物狗牙根根系分泌的低分子量有机酸,研究在干湿交替环境作用下,根系分泌物对污染土壤及上覆水中Pb总量、土壤中Pb赋存形态的影响。结果表明:在干湿交替环境作用下,表层土壤中Pb含量不断减少,底层土壤中Pb含量不断增加;2次落干—淹水结束后,各处理表层土壤中Pb含量为混酸>柠檬酸≈乙酸>丙二酸>对照,底层土壤Pb含量为混酸>柠檬酸≈乙酸>丙二酸>对照。表层土壤中碳酸盐结合态、铁锰氧化态Pb是导致土壤总Pb含量减少的主要原因,最大减少幅度分别为24.89%和19.04%;但添加了低分子量有机酸的处理,表层土壤中铁锰氧化态、有机结合态Pb含量比对照高,可交换态Pb含量比对照低;且有机酸促进了底层土壤中碳酸盐结合态及铁锰氧化态Pb含量的增加。在2次淹水过程中,上覆水Pb含量均呈先增加后降低的趋势,低分子量有机酸抑制了土壤向上覆水释放Pb。总的来说,在干湿交替环境作用下,狗牙根根系分泌物降低了表层土壤中Pb环境风险。     

间作对玉米根系分泌物及团聚体稳定性的影响

通过田间小区试验种植玉米(玉米单作、玉米∥大豆、玉米∥马铃薯),测定3个生育期(拔节期、大喇叭口期、抽雄期)玉米根系分泌总糖含量、总有机酸含量和土壤团聚体状况,分析间作对玉米根系分泌物及团聚体稳定性的影响。结果表明:玉米根系分泌总糖含量和总有机酸含量随生育期的推移而增加,间作显著提高玉米根系分泌总糖含量和总有机酸含量,玉米∥马铃薯玉米∥大豆。在抽雄期,玉米∥大豆、玉米∥马铃薯相比玉米单作0.25mm水稳性团聚体含量(R_(0.25))分别显著提高6.19%,8.17%;平均质量直径(MWD)分别提高5.04%,10.08%;几何平均直径(GMD)分别提高6.12%,12.24%;分形维数(D)分别显著降低0.72%,1.09%;团聚体破坏率(PAD)分别显著降低16.77%,26.08%。在根系分泌物最大的抽雄期,玉米根系分泌总糖含量、总有机酸含量与R_(0.25),GMD,D,PAD呈极显著相关关系(P0.01)。因此,间作可通过增加玉米根系分泌总糖含量和总有机酸含量,进而提高土壤团聚体的稳定性。     

接种AMF与根系分隔对玉米马铃薯间作土壤氮素利用的影响

采用不同根系分隔方式(不分隔、尼龙网分隔、塑料膜分隔)和接种丛枝菌根真菌(arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi,AMF)来研究玉米(Zea mays L.)间作马铃薯(Solanum tuberosum L.)对土壤氮素吸收利用和作物干物重的影响。结果表明:无论何种分隔方式,接种AMF与施用苯菌灵相比,均能增加玉米根系表面积,其中最高增加29.8%,减少玉米和马铃薯根际土壤总氮、硝态氮、铵态氮含量,增加玉米、马铃薯各器官总氮含量、干物重,其中根际土壤硝态氮含量下降幅度最大,最高分别降低60.3%、42.1%,玉米籽粒和马铃薯块茎总氮含量最高分别增加34.4%和43.0%,玉米果穗和马铃薯块茎干物重最高分别增加27.3%和28.8%;不同分隔方式对玉米根系表面积、根际土壤氮吸收、各器官总氮含量和干物重均有抑制作用,对马铃薯根际土壤氮吸收、各器官总氮含量和干物质积累均有促进作用,其中不分隔处理玉米根系表面积、籽粒总氮含量和穗干重比塑料布分隔处理最高分别增加29.8%、29.3%和12.5%,根际土壤硝态氮含量降低28.2%,塑料布分隔处理马铃薯块茎总氮含量和块茎干重比不分隔处理分别增加13.4%和19.0%,根际土壤硝态氮含量最大降低22.2%。整体上,玉米马铃薯间作不分隔接种AMF处理降低根际土壤氮残留量的效果最好,对各器官总氮含量、干物重的促进作用最大,表明玉米马铃薯间作条件下接种AMF有利于进一步促进间作群体氮素高效利用和增产增收。     

根系分隔方式对玉米/大豆根际土壤碳含量及磷有效性的影响

【目的】豆科与禾本科间作体系中对磷有效性的影响主要集中在根系分泌物的活化作用,由根际沉淀引起的土壤碳含量与磷酸酶活性变化及其对红壤磷有效性的影响机制尚不清楚。【方法】本研究以间作玉米大豆为研究对象,设置根系完全分隔、尼龙网分隔、不分隔3种方式,在0、21.83、43.67、65.50和87.34 P mg kg-1（分别记为P0、P1、P2、P3和P4）磷肥施用水平下进行盆栽试验,研究根系分隔方式对间作玉米大豆根际土壤微生物量碳（MBC）、溶解性有机碳（DOC）、根际土壤有机碳（ROC）、酸性磷酸酶活性（ACP）、碱性磷酸酶活性（ALP）、速效磷和Hedley磷组分的影响。【结果】相比完全分隔,根系不分隔可提高玉米和大豆根际土壤MBC含量,显著降低玉米根际土壤DOC含量,低磷水平（P0、P1）时显著提高大豆DOC含量,显著提高玉米（仅在低磷时）和大豆根际土壤ACP活性,低磷时显著提高大豆根际土壤ALP活性。除玉米活性磷组分外,根系分隔方式对间作玉米大豆根际土壤速效磷、磷组分有显著或极显著影响。根系不分隔较完全分隔可通过降低大豆根际活性无机磷（Pi）(P0除外)和中活性Pi从而提高玉米根...     

土壤低分子量有机酸及其生态功能

本文综述了土壤低分子量有机酸的研究进展。它主要来源于动植物残体的分解、植物根系的分泌和微生物的合成,其组成复杂,主要包括脂肪族和芳香族两大类,含量一般为微摩尔至毫摩尔级。土壤低分子量有机酸具有重要的生态功能,如促进矿物溶解和成土作用;降低土壤根际环境pH;影响土壤微生物和酶的活性;促进根际环境养分转化,增加植物对P、Fe等营养元素的吸收;缓解Al离子对植物的毒害;影响重金属在土体中的迁移行为和在植物中的吸收量,以及具有重要的植物化感效应。文章最后提出了今后值得加强研究的方面。     

添加有机酸对土壤镉形态转化及苋菜镉积累的影响

植物根系分泌的低分子量有机酸能够与土壤中的镉形成镉–有机酸复合体,从而影响根际镉的移动性。本文通过添加有机酸对土壤镉形态转化的研究,阐明有机酸与镉生物积累的关系。采用盆栽试验及土壤培养等方法,研究了添加苹果酸、柠檬酸对赤红壤和黄棕壤中镉的形态转化以及超积累型苋菜天星米镉生物积累的影响。结果表明,与Cd 25 mg/kg处理比较,Cd 25 mg/kg＋苹果酸、Cd 25mg/kg＋柠檬酸处理对苋菜生物量未产生影响,但显著增加苋菜根系及地上部镉含量;添加苹果酸、柠檬酸处理显著降低土壤专性吸附态Cd含量,却显著增加了交换态Cd、碳酸盐结合态Cd和有机结合态Cd含量。说明添加苹果酸、柠檬酸还能够通过影响土壤镉形态转化而促进苋菜对镉的积累。     

Pb2+胁迫下黑麦草对外源有机酸的响应机制

为探讨根系分泌有机酸对植株吸收富集Pb2+的影响,土壤Pb2+含量为500mg/kg的条件下,设计外源有机酸类型为草酸、冰乙酸、丙二酸、酒石酸和苹果酸,其浓度均为1,3,5,6,7mmol/kg。在模拟日光温室中采用盆栽根袋法对黑麦草生长发育指标,根际与非根际土壤理化性质及黑麦草吸收富集效果进行分析。研究得出,外源有机酸能够在一定程度上促进黑麦草地上部分和根系干物质量的增加,黑麦草根系对Pb2+的吸收富集效果大于地上部分,有机酸的加入活化了土壤中的Pb2+,促进了植株对Pb2+的吸收富集。黑麦草根际土壤pH、Eh值和Pb2+残留量均小于非根际。酒石酸、苹果酸和丙二酸既不影响黑麦草植株生长,又可有效增加其对Pb2+的吸收富集,主要是增加地上部分对Pb2+的吸收富集;冰乙酸可显著活化土壤中的Pb2+。     

苦荞根系分泌有机酸对低氮胁迫的响应机制

通过对两种不同低氮耐受性苦荞品种{迪庆苦荞(DQ,耐低氮)及黑丰1号(HF,不耐低氮)}的盆栽试验,研究了苦荞根系分泌有机酸(丙二酸、丙酸、草酸、酒石酸、乙酸)对低氮胁迫(尿素,80 mg kg~(-1))的响应机制。分析结果表明:幼苗期时,低氮处理(尿素,80 mg kg~(-1))与常氮处理(尿素,160 mg kg~(-1))相比,HF和DQ土壤含水量分别减少24.2%和14.32%,且这一时期低氮胁迫下DQ耗水量显著高于HF。DQ根际土壤pH值在幼苗期和开花期分别比HF低1.44%和8.44%。裂区分析显示,氮处理对苦荞根际土壤有机酸含量有显著的影响。低氮胁迫下苦荞根系分泌有机酸含量在品种间具有差异,根际土壤中丙二酸与其他有机酸相比含量较多但并未在品种间产生显著差异,DQ根际土壤中草酸含量在各个生育期分别显著高于HF 40.16%、25.24%和41.31%,酒石酸也在开花期和成熟期表现出相同的趋势。综上所述,苦荞可能通过根系有机酸的分泌来调节根际土壤养分有效性以应对低氮胁迫环境,对于未来贫瘠土壤上苦荞的种植应考量其耐瘠性的差异,选育耐瘠性强的品种来增加效益。     

Intercropping of Sonchus asper and Vicia faba affects plant cadmium accumulation and root responses

The cadmium (Cd) pollution of farmland soil is serious in the world. The present study investigated the effects of intercropping Vicia faba and the hyperaccumulator Sonchus asper on the Cd accumulation and root responses (morphology and secreted organic acids) of plants grown on soil from a mining area in Yunnan Province, China, under different Cd stress levels (0, 50, 100, and 200 mg kg^-1). Intercropping increased the biomass of both S. asper and V. faba, as well as the Cd accumulation and Cd transfer coefficient from roots to shoots of S. asper, but decreased those of V. faba in the 200 mg kg^-1 Cd treatment. The Cd concentrations in roots, shoots, and grains from intercropped V. faba plants were positively correlated (P<0.05) with the N,N-diethyl phenylacetamide-extractable Cd content in soil. In the 50 mg kg^-1 Cd treatment, intercropping decreased citric and malic acids in root secretions of S. asper. Intercropped V. faba secreted more citric, oxalic, acetic, and malic acid compared with S. asper. Intercropping also increased root length and root surface area of both S. asper and V. faba. At 50 mg kg^-1 Cd, root length for S. asper was higher than that at 0 mg kg^-1 Cd, whereas V. faba roots had significantly decreased length and mean diameter. Intercropping of S. asper and V. faba is suggested as an in situ phytoremediation strategy of Cd-contaminated soils and may improve the food quality of V. faba.     

Cadmium bioavailability to Nicotiana tabacum L., Nicotiana rustica L., and Zea mays L. grown in soil amended or not amended with cadmium nitrate

Summary Mature (flowering) tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum cv. PBD6, Nicotiana rustica cv. Brasilia) and maize (Zea mays cv. INRA 260) plants were grown in an acid sandy-clay soil, enriched to 5.4 mg Cd kg^–1 dry weight soil with cadmium nitrate. The plants were grown in containers in the open air. No visible symptoms of Cd toxicity developed on plant shoots over the 2-month growing period. Dry-matter yields showed that while the Nicotiana spp. were unaffected by the Cd application the yield of Z. mays decreased by 21%. Cd accumulation and distribution in leaves, stems and roots were examined. In the control treatment (0.44 mg Cd kg^–1 dry weight soil), plant Cd levels ranged from 0.4 to 6.8 mg kg^–1 dry weight depending on plant species and plant parts. Soil Cd enrichment invariably increased the Cd concentrations in plant parts, which varied from 10.1 to 164 mg kg^–1 dry weight. The maximum Cd concentrations occurred in the leaves of N. tabacum. In N. rustica 75% of the total Cd taken up by the plant was transported to the leaves, and 81% for N. tabacum irrespective of the Cd level in the soil. In contrast, the Cd concentrations in maize roots were almost five times higher than those in the leaves. More than 50% of the total Cd taken up by maize was retained in the roots at both soil Cd levels. The Cd level in N. tabacum leaves was 1.5 and 2 times higher at the low and high Cd soil level, respectively, than that in N. rustica leaves, but no significant difference was found in root Cd concentrations between the two Nicotiana spp.Cd bioavailability was calculated as the ratio of the Cd level in the control plants to that in the soil or as the ratio of the additional Cd taken up from cadmium nitrate to the amount of Cd applied. The results showed that the plant species used can be ranked in a decreasing order as follows: N. tabacum > N. rustica > Z. mays.     

菌根对紫色土上间作玉米生长及磷素累积的影响

丛枝菌根真菌(arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi,AMF)在土壤与植物系统的磷素循环中发挥着关键的作用。本文通过盆栽模拟试验研究了不同AMF接种状况[不接种(NM)、接种Glomus mosseae(GM)、接种G.etunicatum(GE)]和玉米/大豆间作体系不同根系分隔方式(不分隔、尼龙网分隔、塑料膜分隔)对间作玉米植株生长及磷素吸收累积的影响。研究结果表明:GM处理下的间作玉米根系侵染率在不同根系分隔方式之间的差异不显著,而GE处理则在塑料膜分隔处理下对玉米的侵染率最高。接种不同AMF对间作玉米促生效果不同,GM和GE处理在不同根系分隔情况下表现出各自的优势,与未接种处理相比,GM处理能使玉米生物量、株高有一定程度增加并在根系不分隔处理下玉米磷吸收较多、生长较好;GE处理能使植株生物量有一定程度增加并在尼龙网分隔处理下的玉米磷吸收较多、生长较好。间作体系不同根系分隔方式对玉米的影响也不同,其中玉米地上部生物量在根系分隔处理下普遍小于不分隔处理,但根系生物量的大小情况则刚好相反。另外,无论何种接种状况,玉米根系磷含量及吸收量均以尼龙网分隔处理显著较高。而根系磷吸收效率则以接种G.mosseae且不分隔根系处理显著高于分隔处理。所有复合处理中,以接种G.etunicatum与尼龙网分隔根系组合处理对间作玉米的生长及磷素累积的促进作用最好,若应用于滇池流域,可望有效控制坡耕地土壤磷素的迁移。     

Effect of nitrogen on the yield response of Pennisetum americanum,Triticum aestivum and Zea mays to inoculation with Azospirillum brasilense under temperate conditions

Summary A nitrate-respiring strain, a denitrifying strain, and a non-nitrogen-fixing strain of Azospirillum brasilense were compared for their effect on the growth of pearl millet (Pennisetum americanum), wheat (Triticum aestivum) and maize (Zea mays) under temperate conditions in nitrogen-limited pot cultures. Increases in yield of Z. mays shoots occurred with all three strains when inoculation coincided with the addition of low levels of combined nitrogen. The inoculation of A. brasilense did not show any effect on the yield of P. americanum and T. aestivum. Increased numbers of A. brasilense became associated with Z. mays roots following the addition of low levels of combined nitrogen. Low and very variable rates of acetylene reduction activity were observed from excised roots of inoculated Z. mays plants without preincubation. Results indicate that inoculation of cereals with A. brasilense under temperate conditions has only a limited effect on plant growth.     

4种改良剂对铅锌尾矿污染土壤中光叶紫花苕生长及重金属吸收特性的影响

通过盆栽试验研究了铅锌尾矿污染土壤中施用有机肥、石灰、蛭石和白云石等4种改良剂对光叶紫花苕生长发育、叶绿素及重金属Cu、Cd、Pb、Zn积累特性的影响,并分析了施用改良剂后土壤pH和有效态重金属含量的变化。结果表明,与对照相比,不同改良剂及其不同施用水平均能不同程度地提高土壤pH,显著降低土壤各重金属有效态含量,并显著抑制了Cd、Pb向光叶紫花苕地上部转移,降低了重金属在光叶紫花苕植株地上部的积累,改善了光叶紫花苕的生长和发育,光叶紫花苕株高、地上部鲜重和地下部鲜重、叶绿素含量均有不同程度增加,其中株高和地上部鲜重增加达到显著水平。4种改良剂的不同处理水平对光叶紫花苕地下部重金属含量影响均达显著水平。     

Vigna radiata var. GM4 Plant Growth Enhancement and Root Colonization by a Multi-Metal-Resistant Plant GrowthPromoting Bacterium Enterobacter sp. C1D in Cr(VI)-Amended Soils

Contamination of agricultural soils by heavy metals has become a major concern due to their toxic effects on plant growth, symbiosis and consequently the yields of crops. In the present study, to enhance plant growth in Cr(VI)-amended soils, novel metalresistant plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) were isolated from a soil contaminated with industrial waste effluent. One of the bacterial isolates, identified as Enterobacter sp. C1D by 16S rRNA gene sequencing, was found to be multi-metal resistant in nature with excellent plant growth-promoting (PGP) traits. Mung bean (Vigna radiata var. GM4) inoculation with Enterobacter sp. C1D significantly (P < 0.01) increased root and shoot length, shoot and root weight, and chlorophyll content in a range of Cr(VI) treatments. Plant tolerance towards Cr(VI) measured as effective concentration showed higher values with Enterobacter sp. C1Dtreated plants compared to un-inoculated plants. Root colonization study was also carried out using green fluorescence protein-labeled Enterobacter sp. C1D under a hydroponic system. Confocal laser scanning microscopy of the plant roots showed heavy bacterial loads on the surface of the plant root specifically at the root tip and the point of root hair/lateral root formation. The results of PGP traits showed that elevated indole acetic acid levels and 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate deaminase activity enabled Enterobacter sp. C1D to enhance V. radiata growth in Cr(VI)-amended soils, whereby it significantly increased plant tolerance towards elevated Cr(VI) concentrations.     

深色有隔内生真菌柱孢顶囊壳对玉米幼苗生长、光合作用及耐铅能力的影响

Dark septate endophytic (DSE) fungi are ubiquitous and cosmopolitan,and occur widely in association with plants in heavy metal stress environment.However,little is known about the effect of inoculation with DSE fungi on the host plant under heavy metal stress.In this study,Gaeumannomyces cylindrosporus,which was isolated from Pb-Zn mine tailings in China and had been proven to have high Pb tolerance,was inoculated onto the roots of maize (Zea mays L.) seedlings to study the effect of DSE on plant growth,photosynthesis,and the translocation and accumulation of Pb in plant under stress of different Pb concentrations.The growth indicators (height,basal diameter,root length,and biomass) of maize were detected.Chlorophyll content,photosynthetic characteristics (net photosynthetic rate,transpiration rate,stomatal conductance,and intercellular CO2 concentration),and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters in leaves of the inoculated and non-inoculated maize were also determined.Inoculation with G.cylindrosporus significantly increased height,basal diameter,root length,and biomass of maize seedlings under Pb stress.Colonization of G.cylindrosporus improved the efficiency of photosynthesis and altered the translocation and accumulation of Pb in the plants.Although inoculation with G.cylindrosporus increased Pb accumulation in host plants in comparison to non-inoculated plants,the translocation factor of Pb in plant body was significantly decreased.The results indicated that Pb was accumulated mainly in the root system of maize and the phytotoxicity of Pb to the aerial part of the plant was alleviated.The improvement of efficiency of photosynthesis and the decrease of translocation factor of Pb,caused by DSE fungal colonization,were efficient strategies to improve Pb tolerance of host plants.     

分室磷添加下菌根对滇池流域红壤间作玉米生长及磷素利用的影响

随着全球范围内磷矿资源短缺问题的日益严重,间作或菌根技术强化作物对土壤磷(P)的利用及增产增收的效应受到越来越多的关注。通过三室隔网盆栽模拟试验研究了分室磷处理[不添加磷(P0)、添加有机磷(OP50)、添加无机磷(IOP50)]和根室不接种(NM)、根室接种丛枝菌根真菌Glomus mosseae(GM)对与大豆间作的玉米的生长及磷素利用的影响。研究结果表明:所有复合处理中,以间作?GM?IOP50组合处理下的玉米根系最短和地上部生物量最高;OP50处理下,间作玉米的菌根侵染率显著高于单作处理。间作条件下,无论分室磷添加与否,接种GM处理的玉米地上部生物量明显高于NM处理;接种GM处理的玉米根系生物量和株高均显著高于NM处理,且根系生物量以间作?GM?OP50组合处理下最高。接种GM条件下,P0、IOP50、OP50处理下的间作植株生物量较单作处理分别提高45.98%、111.33%、33.56%。单作条件下,无论分室磷添加与否,接种GM处理的玉米地上部磷含量均显著高于NM处理;无论何种种植模式及分室磷添加与否,接种GM处理的植物根系磷含量均显著高于NM处理。无论磷添加与否,间作?GM组合条件下的玉米地上部磷吸收量均显著较高,其中IOP50处理下的地上部磷吸收量显著高于OP50处理。间作?GM组合条件下,IOP50处理玉米根系的磷吸收效率均显著高于OP50处理。可见,接种GM、分室磷添加和间作各自在一定程度上促进了玉米的生长。综合菌根侵染、生物量及磷含量与吸收量、磷吸收效率等指标,所有复合处理中以间作?GM?IOP50组合对玉米地上部的促生作用最好,玉米磷素吸收最多,可望有效强化滇池流域红壤坡耕地磷素的利用。     

镉胁迫对菊芋生理变化及镉富集的影响

通过用耐镉性较好的徐州菊芋和耐镉性较弱的潍坊菊芋进行对比试验,设置土培CK(Cd~(2+) 0 mmol/L,即对照组)、T1(Cd~(2+) 0.1 mmol/L)、T2(Cd~(2+) 0.5 mmol/L)和T3(Cd~(2+) 1.0 mmol/L)4个处理组,探讨菊芋镉胁迫下各项生理指标和根际土壤指标以及富集能力的影响。结果表明:经过不同镉浓度胁迫21天后,2个菊芋品种的根长、株高、叶长、叶宽均受到相应程度的抑制,抗氧化酶活性随镉浓度的增加而减弱;但丙二醛(MDA)含量变化有所不同,潍坊菊芋的MDA含量伴着镉胁迫加深而增加,徐州菊芋只在T3镉浓度下才出现明显的上升变化,并在21天时达到峰值,为对照组的3.52倍。根际土壤pH大致呈现出持续下降趋势,镉处理20天时潍坊菊芋和徐州菊芋根际土壤pH均在T3处理下达到最低,降幅分别为3.85%和3.41%;有机质含量却表现出不断增加的状态,T3镉处理至第20天时,潍坊菊芋最大增幅为38.60%,徐州菊芋为36.01%;随着施加镉浓度的变大,抑制了菊芋对土壤碱解氮的吸收,总体上潍坊菊芋受抑制程度大于徐州菊芋。2个菊芋品种对镉的富集效果也不同,徐州菊芋各器官镉富集量均高于潍坊菊芋;在转运镉方面,潍坊菊芋根部的镉均等地转移到了叶、茎上,徐州菊芋则将大部分从根部转移到茎上。综上所述,菊芋在镉胁迫下体现出一定的抗性,具有较强镉富集能力,徐州菊芋镉富集能力更为明显。因此,将能源植物菊芋应用于镉污染土壤兼具经济和生态意义。