共查询到18条相似文献,搜索用时 125 毫秒
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【目的】碳是微生物代谢活动的优质养分和能量来源,对根际微生物的群落结构和生态功能具有重大影响。解析碳驱动微生物周转对作物吸收利用磷的影响,探索富磷土壤中磷素高效利用的绿色途径。【方法】蔬菜田间试验分别在山东东营(潮土)和淄博(褐土)进行,供试作物依次为番茄、西葫芦。设置不施肥对照(CK)、优化施肥(OPT)、优化施肥+腐植酸(OPT+HA)、优化施肥+蚯蚓粪(OPT+EC)、优化施肥+菌渣(OPT+MR) 5个处理。在拉秧期采集土样分析土壤碳、磷养分含量,碳、磷相关胞外酶活性以及土壤细菌群落特征。【结果】1)有机物料投入提高了番茄和西葫芦产量及磷吸收积累量。2)在OPT基础上,增施HA、EC和MR可显著提高土壤肥力和酶活性,以MR的提升效果最为显著。在东营,增施MR处理土壤微生物生物量碳(MBC)和可溶性有机碳(DOC)含量较OPT处理分别提高了17.46%和17.03%,土壤β-葡萄糖苷酶(β-GC)和酸性磷酸酶(ACP)活性分别显著提高了19.75%和13.12%,土壤有效磷含量显著降低了28.50%;在临淄,增施MR土壤各类碳组分含量较OPT处理均有显著提高,增幅在16.19%~... 相似文献
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隔根与接种 FM 对红壤上玉米/大豆植株生长及氮素利用的影响 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
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通过2年盆栽试验,探讨不同磷水平下玉米–大豆间作根际土壤无机磷组分、土壤有效磷含量及作物磷吸收的差异,明确土壤无机磷组分、土壤有效磷与作物磷吸收之间的相互关系。试验设置玉米单作、大豆单作、玉米–大豆间作3种种植方式以及3个P2O5施用水平(0、50、100 mg/kg,分别记作P0、P50、P100),共9个处理。结果表明:与单作相比,2018年和2019年在P0、P50和P100水平下,间作显著提高玉米和大豆的籽粒产量,并显著提高玉米和大豆植株的磷素吸收量。与常规施磷水平(P100)下的单作处理相比,玉米–大豆间作在磷肥减少50%(P50)的条件下,并未降低玉米和大豆的磷吸收量与籽粒产量。3个磷水平下,间作提高了玉米和大豆根际土壤有效磷含量,而降低了根际土壤总无机磷以及Fe-P、Al-P、Ca-P、O-P的含量;同时适当增施磷肥显著提高了玉米和大豆根际土壤总无机磷及各无机磷组分的含量。本试验条件下,间作促进土壤中Fe-P、Al-P、Ca-P和O-P的活化(尤其是Fe-P),是低磷胁迫下间作土壤有效磷含量与作物磷吸收量增加的重要原因。玉米–大豆间作具有节约磷肥、维持作物产量及根际土壤有... 相似文献
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根系互作对玉米大豆间作作物磷吸收的影响 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
【目的】间作作物的养分吸收与根系相互作用有着密切关系。研究玉米大豆间作后根系互作对磷含量、磷积累动态的影响,旨在为以玉米大豆为主的间作体系中磷的高效利用提供科学依据。【方法】本文通过盆栽试验,采用玉米和大豆根系无分隔(NB)、尼龙网分隔(MB)、塑料膜分隔(PB)3种分隔方式,研究了间作玉米(苗期、大喇叭口期、孕穗期、成熟期)和大豆(苗期、分枝期、鼓粒期、成熟期)在不同生育期对土壤中磷的吸收。【结果】与PB相比,MB处理的玉米茎中磷含量在孕穗期提高了16.8%(P0.05);叶中磷含量在苗期、大喇叭口期分别提高了6.6%、14.2%(P0.05);NB处理玉米茎中磷含量在大喇叭口期、孕穗期分别提高了25.4%、55.0%(P0.05);玉米叶中磷含量在大喇叭口期、成熟期分别提高了21.3%、22.2%(P0.05);与PB相比,NB处理大豆茎中磷含量在分枝期、成熟期分别提高了21.3%、24.7%(P0.05);叶中磷含量在分枝期提高了11.4%(P0.05),MB处理大豆叶中磷含量在分枝期提高了4.8%(P0.05)。与PB相比,NB处理玉米茎中磷积累量在大喇叭口期、孕穗期提高了24.6%、32.3%(P0.05),MB处理玉米茎中磷积累量在大喇叭口期提高了50.6%(P0.05),叶中磷积累量在苗期提高了33.6%(P0.05)。与PB相比,NB处理大豆茎中磷积累量在分枝期、鼓粒期分别提高了36.3%、51.8%(P0.05),叶中磷积累量在分枝期、成熟期分别提高了27.3%、110.6%(P0.05);MB处理大豆茎中磷积累量在鼓粒期提高了35.7%(P0.05)。【结论】根系互作系统中的玉米和大豆茎、叶中磷的累积量大于根系分离生长系统。因此,玉米大豆间作具有明显的磷吸收利用优势。 相似文献
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低磷环境下接种丛枝菌根真菌促进紫花苜蓿生长和磷素吸收的机理 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
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通过盆栽模拟试验,探讨不同施磷量对玉米 -大豆间作作物生长及磷吸收的影响,并分析根际红壤中各无机磷形态的变化。结果表明:与单作相比,玉米 -大豆间作显著提高了作物地上部生物量及磷素吸收量,并具有明显的产量优势。与常规施磷水平(P100)下的单作相比,玉米 -大豆间作条件下,磷肥减施 1/2(P50)并未降低作物籽粒产量与玉米的磷吸收量。间作种植显著降低了玉米、大豆根际红壤总无机磷含量,并且无机磷减少量主要以O-P、Fe-P和 Ca-P为主。玉米、大豆根际土壤Fe-P、Al-P、Ca-P与 O-P占土壤总无机磷含量的比例主要受磷水平的调控,而种植模式对玉米和大豆根际土壤中各无机磷形态的比例(除 Fe-P外)均没有影响。在本试验条件下,玉米 -大豆间作通过根系交互作用主要促进土壤中 Fe-P、Ca-P和 O-P的活化来增加玉米与大豆的磷吸收,并具有节约磷肥、维持作物产量和磷吸收的潜力。 相似文献
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为调查烟秆生物炭对典型植烟土壤根际与非根际活性有机碳组分的影响及其在不同土壤类型中是否具有一致性,选取我国烟草主产区贵州省毕节市黄壤区(东部的黔西林泉科技示范园)和黄棕壤区(西部的威宁黑石科技示范园)两个土壤类型,研究施用不同量烟秆生物炭(0、5、20、40 t·hm-2,分别记为B0、B5、B20、B40)后根际与非根际土壤总有机碳(TOC)、易氧化有机碳(ROOC)、可溶性有机碳(DOC)和微生物量碳(MBC)含量的变化情况。施用生物炭后,根际土壤TOC、ROOC以及非根际土壤DOC在两个土壤中的表现基本一致,而其余则在两种土壤中表现不同。但整体表现为TOC、ROOC及DOC含量在B5处理中没有显著变化,而在B20和B40处理中显著增加,3种有机碳含量与B0相比,增幅最高分别可达305.63%、630.41%及768.48%;不同有机碳及土壤类型的峰值出现在B20或B40处理中。而对MBC来说,非根际土壤中MBC含量在黄壤B5处理中显著降低了20%,在黄棕壤B20和B40处理中分别显著增加了53.98%和145.80%,其余处理与B0之间没有显著差异;而在根际土壤中仅在黄壤B20处理中MBC含量显著增加42.17%,其余处理与B0之间均无显著差异。说明短期施用生物炭对植烟土壤活性有机碳组分(尤其是MBC)的影响与土壤类型、生物炭施用量、根际环境等有关。 相似文献
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长期稻虾共作模式提高稻田土壤生物肥力的机理 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
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不同有机肥施用模式下黄壤稻田根际和非根际土壤有机碳的矿化特征 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
【目的】研究长期施用有机肥对土壤有机碳矿化特征的影响,为提高土壤碳库稳定性和培肥土壤提供理论依据。【方法】贵阳黄壤肥力与肥效长期定位试验始于1994年,种植制度为单季水稻。2021年水稻收获后,选取不施肥(CK),平衡施用化肥(NPK),25%和50%有机肥氮替代化肥氮(0.25MNPK、0.5MNPK)和单施有机肥(M) 5个处理的水稻植株,用抖根法采集根际和非根际土壤样品,分析活性碳组分含量,以采集的土样进行室内培养试验,研究有机碳矿化特征。【结果】1)与NPK相比,3个有机肥处理的根际土壤有机碳(SOC)含量提升了26%~43%,非根际土壤SOC含量提高了24%~32%;根际土壤微生物量碳(MBC)含量提升了16%~31%,且比非根际土壤高148%;非根际土壤易氧化有机碳(LOC)含量显著提升了36%~75%;0.5MNPK处理非根际土壤可溶性有机碳(DOC)含量显著提升了54%,且根际土壤的DOC含量平均高于非根际土壤10%。2)有机肥施用可明显增加黄壤稻田根际及非根际土壤有机碳矿化量,非根际土壤有机碳矿化量和矿化率分别高于根际土壤30%和33%;较CK和NPK处理,有机肥施用... 相似文献
11.
Dynamics and availability of phosphorus in the rhizosphere of a temperate silvopastoral system 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
A field rhizosphere study was carried out over a period of 12 months on a 6-year-old silvopastoral trial in New Zealand. The trial comprised radiata pine (Pinus radiata) with lucerne (Medicago sativa) and perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) understoreys. The study was initiated because of the unique interrelationships between roots in silvopastoral systems and a paucity of understanding about the processes involved in phosphorus (P) dynamics in temperate silvopastoral systems. Improving our understanding in this area has important implications for nutrient management in silvopastoral systems. Rhizosphere soils were analysed to determine inorganic (Pi) and organic (Po) P fractions, macroporous resin Pi and Po, phosphatase enzyme activity, microbial biomass carbon and pH. Concentrations of labile Pi were consistently greater and Po lower in tree rhizosphere soil compared to the companion understorey, indicating that radiata pine when grown with a productive understorey mineralised Po to a greater extent than either understorey species. Tree rhizosphere soil from under lucerne and lucerne rhizosphere soil contained the lowest concentrations of total Pi and Po compared with tree under ryegrass and ryegrass rhizosphere soils. This was partly attributed to higher levels of phosphatase enzyme activity in the lucerne rhizosphere soils. The results suggest the combination of lucerne with radiata pine may enhance greater utilisation of soil P, although this requires further investigation. Lower levels of labile Po, and higher levels of labile Pi and phosphatase enzyme activity, were determined in tree and understorey lucerne and ryegrass rhizosphere soils in spring compared with autumn. This data confirmed that overall rates of soil organic P mineralisation are greatest in spring. 相似文献
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Tahereh Raiesi Ali Reza Hosseinpur 《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2017,48(5):501-510
The objectives of this research were to evaluate the rhizospheric effects of bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) on phosphorus (P) availability and dissolved organic carbon (DOC), microbial biomass carbon (MBC), microbial biomass phosphorus (MBP), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and P in the particulate fraction (PF-P) in some calcareous soils under rhizobox conditions. The results showed that DOC, MBC, MBP and ALP strongly increased in the rhizosphere soils compared with the bulk soils (p < 0.05). Also, the amounts of PF-P and P extracted with different tests in the rhizosphere were lower compared to the bulk soils (p < 0.05). The correlation studies showed that plant indices (dry yield and P uptake) had a positive relationship with Olsen-P, MBP, DOC, ALP and PF-P in both the rhizosphere and the bulk soil. Therefore, bean rhizosphere caused increases of DOC, MBC, MBP and ALP and decreases of available P and PF-P in the studied soils. In addition, the results of this research showed that the Olsen-P method and MBP and PF-P could be used to estimate bean-available P in the studied calcareous soils. 相似文献
13.
栽培模式及施肥对玉米和大豆根际土壤磷素有效性的影响 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:2
栽培模式及施肥管理对作物吸收利用土壤磷素的影响较大,本研究为探明玉米/大豆套作系统作物根系交互作用下根际土壤无机磷组分动态变化特征,利用盆栽试验测定了玉米/大豆套作(M/S)、玉米单作(MM)和大豆单作(SS)3种栽培模式以及不施肥(CK)、施氮钾肥(NK)和施氮磷钾肥(NPK)3种施肥处理下玉米和大豆地上部生物量及吸磷量和根际与非根际土壤速效磷、无机磷组分含量,以期为优化玉米/大豆套作系统磷素管理提供理论依据。研究结果表明同一施肥水平下,套作玉米的籽粒产量显著高于单作玉米;施磷显著提高了单作玉米籽粒产量,而对套作玉米籽粒产量影响不大。无论施肥与否,套作大豆秸秆及籽粒产量均高于单作大豆。所有施肥处理均表现为套作模式下单株作物地上部磷积累量显著高于单作模式。玉米成熟期,CK、NK处理下套作玉米根际土壤速效磷含量分别比单作玉米高54.2%和71.8%;大豆始花期,NPK处理下套作大豆根际土壤速效磷含量比单作大豆高19.8%。大豆成熟期,NK、NPK处理下套作大豆根际土壤速效磷含量分别比单作大豆高23.8%和108.0%。无论是单作还是套作模式,玉米根际土壤Al-P含量在3个施肥处理下均低于非根际土壤。CK和NK处理下单作玉米根际土壤Al-P含量分别是套作玉米的1.19倍和1.22倍;NPK处理下单作玉米根际土壤Fe-P含量是套作玉米的1.21倍。在CK、NK和NPK施肥处理下,单作大豆根际土Al-P含量分别是套作大豆1.12倍、1.30倍和1.25倍,单作大豆非根际土Al-P含量分别是套作大豆的1.22倍、1.30倍和1.06倍。CK、NK处理下单作大豆根际土壤Fe-P含量分别是套作大豆的1.47倍和1.12倍。研究得出结论,低磷条件下,与单作相比,玉米/大豆套作更有利于作物对土壤Al-P、Fe-P的活化吸收。 相似文献
14.
施磷水平对玉米大豆间作系统氮素吸收与分配的影响 总被引:3,自引:3,他引:0
15.
碳对微生物–根系介导的蔬菜作物磷吸收的影响 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
16.
The transformation of organic P(Po) from organic manures in two types of soils (ultisol and entisol) and the influences of external addition of organic substance or inorganic P(Pi) on Po under the condition of the 60% maximum water capacity were investigated.The results obtained from Po fractionation experiments indicated that all the Po fractions except for the highly resistant Po fraction decreased during incubation.Application of pig feces and cow feces could largely increase each fraction of Po in the soils.Immediately after application of organic manure into the soils a large part of labile and moderately labile Po from organic manure was transferred into moderately resistant Po,which might be due to the fact that Ca-or Mg-inositol P was precipitated into Fe-inositol P.However,the availability of Po from organic manure in the soils would increase again after incubation because of the transformation of moderately labile and resistant Po fractions into labile Po fractions.Addition of cellulose or Pi into the soils showed a good effect on increasing all the Po fractions except for the highly resistant Po,and this effect was much more pronounced when cellulose was applied in combination with Pi.Therefore,in view of the effect of organic manure on improving P nutrition to plant,attention should be paid to both the Po and the organic substances from organic manure,It is suggested that application of Pi fertilizer combined with organic manure may be referred to as an effective means of protecting Pi from chemical fixation in soil. 相似文献
17.
施氮量对玉米/大豆套作系统土壤微生物数量及土壤酶活性的影响 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
为揭示玉米/大豆套作体系下土壤氮素转换的调控机理和根际微生态效应,以种植模式为主因素[设玉米单作(MM)、大豆单作(SS)和玉米/大豆套作(IMS)3种处理],以玉米、大豆施氮总量(玉米、大豆施氮比例为3∶1)为副因素[设不施氮(NN,0 kg?hm~(-2))、减量施氮(RN,180 kg?hm~(-2))和常量施氮(CN,240 kg?hm~(-2))3个处理],研究了玉米/大豆套作系统下不同施氮量对作物根际土壤微生物数量及土壤酶活性的影响。结果表明:与相应单作相比,套作下玉米根际土壤真菌、放线菌数量分别提高25.37%和8.79%;套作大豆根际土壤真菌、放线菌、固氮菌数量高于单作大豆;套作玉米根际土壤蛋白酶、脲酶活性和套作大豆根际土壤蛋白酶活性均显著升高。各施氮水平间,减量施氮下玉米、大豆根际土壤真菌数量较常量施氮和不施氮均有所提高;施氮提高了玉米、大豆根际土壤放线菌数量;大豆根际土壤固氮菌数量以减量施氮最高,比不施氮和常量施氮高17.78%和5.67%;玉米根际土壤蛋白酶活性、脲酶活性和大豆根际土壤脲酶活性均以减量施氮为最高。适宜的施氮量不仅能增加玉米/大豆套作土壤中真菌、放线菌、固氮菌的数量,还能提高土壤蛋白酶、脲酶活性,调节土壤氮素的转化,促进玉米/大豆对土壤中氮素的吸收,实现节能增效。 相似文献
18.
Gerardo Rubio Valeria Faggioli Javier D. Scheiner Flavio H. Gutiérrez‐Boem 《植物养料与土壤学杂志》2012,175(6):810-871
It has been reported for many soils that maize (Zea mays L.) has a higher soil‐P critical level than soybean (Glycine max L.) and sunflower (Helianthus annuus L). The objective of this work was to compare the rhizosphere P depletion in these three species in order to investigate if they differ in their capacity to acquire soil P. Sequential P fractionation and pH were determined in rhizosphere and nonrhizosphere soil samples from field and greenhouse experiments. Neither sunflower (the species with highest rhizosphere acidification) nor soybean or maize showed a significant relationship between P depletion and rhizosphere pH. The labile P fraction and the NaOH‐Pi fraction had lower values in the rhizosphere than in the bulk soil in 38% and 77% of the studied cases, respectively. Sunflower and especially maize presented a more intense Pi depletion than soybean. The comparison between sunflower and maize revealed that neither of them took a clear advantage over the other in terms of P depletion. Rhizosphere Pi depletion was associated with the amount of P acquired by the plants. We conclude that the accessibility to different P pools does not explain the differences in soil‐P critical levels among the three species. 相似文献