“黑土型”退化草地毒杂草防除试验研究

用４种除草剂在“黑土型”退化草地上进行毒杂草防除试验,结果表明,混合除草剂具有良好的防除效果,药的第２年优良牧草干物质疸由９４．８ｇ／ｍ＾２提高到２２３．４ｇ／ｍ＾２,优良牧草盖度由６０％上升到９５％;毒杂草干物质产量由１３２．４ｇ／ｍ＾２下降到１８．０ｇ／ｍ＾２,盖度由９０％下降到１８％。特别是对棘豆属、马先蒿属、橐于属植物的灭效近１００％。     

结缕草交播不同量高羊茅试验研究

在已成坪的结缕草草坪上,按１０ｇ／ｍ２、２０ｇ／ｍ２、３０ｇ／ｍ２和４０ｇ／ｍ２播量在秋季交播高羊茅,连续３年按月测定群落中高羊茅和结缕草的密度、盖度和频度,进而探讨较为适宜的交播量和各种交播量的交播效果。４种交播量中以１０ｇ／ｍ２为最佳;增加交播高羊茅播量会显著增加高羊茅的密度（Ｐ＜０．０５）及程度不同的增加其盖度和频度（Ｐ＞０．０５）,但却明显地降低了结缕草的密度、盖度和频度（Ｐ＜０．０５）,使高羊茅的种群竞争能力加强而结缕草的竞争能力减弱,使草坪群落趋向于向高羊茅不同个体组成的单一草坪群落方向演替。     

黄牛血清流变学7项主要指标的测定

应用锥板式粘度计和红细胞电泳仪对３１头健康黄牛血液流变学７项指标进行测定。结果：全血粘度０．２ｃｍ＝ｓ·３．０９±３．３９ｍＰａ·ｓ，０．５ｃｍ／ｓ时３．６６±３．２９ｍＰａ·ｓ，２ｃｍ／ｓ时４．８８±３．３５ｍＰａ·ｓ，５ｃｍ／ｓ时５．３８±３．１７ｍＰａ·ｓ，２０ｃｍ／ｓ时５．５１±２．１２ｍＰａ·ｓ，５０ｃｍ／ｓ时４．８４±２．３０ｍＰａ，１００ｃｍ／ｓ时３．４２±０．９７ｍＰａ·ｓ；全血比     

二氟沙星对实验性感染猪支原体性肺炎及链球菌病的药效学研究

以试管两倍稀释法测得二氟沙星对猪肺炎支原体（ Ｆ１６ 株）和兰氏 Ｃ 群类马链球菌（ Ｃ５５ １ ２０ ）的最小抑菌浓度分别是０１６ｍ ｇ／ Ｌ及 １６ｍ ｇ／ Ｌ。肌注给药对猪支原体性肺炎及链球菌病的实验性治疗结果表明,低、中、高剂量二氟沙星组（２５、５、１０ｍ ｇ／ｋｇ）及蒽诺沙星组（２５ｍ ｇ／ｋｇ）用药 ５ 天（每隔 １２ 小时给药一次）对猪支原体性肺炎的治愈率分别是 ８０％ 、９０％ 、１００％ 及９０％ ;而支原体感染对照组的自愈率为１０％ 。低、中、高剂量二氟沙星组及蒽诺沙星组（２５ｍ ｇ／ｋｇ）用药 ４ 天（每隔 １２ 小时给药一次）对猪链球菌病的治愈率分别是 ５０％ 、８０％ 、８０％ 及 ８０％ ,而链球菌感染对照组的死亡率为 ５０％ 。     

运动场草坪种植技术与管理对坪用质量影响的研究

在本试验的生境和管理条件下，以修剪高度，播种量，修剪次数和施Ｎ量为因素，利用４因素饱和Ｄ－最优设计，用模糊数学综合评判定草坪质量，最佳４因素水平为：修剪高度４．５ｃｍ，播种量１５ｇ／ｍ＾２，修剪次数５次／月，施Ｎ量６．７８ｇ／ｍ＾２。还建立了草坪质量与建坪４因素著相关的回归模型。     

刈剪高度对苇状羊茅与草地早熟禾混播草坪草种间竞争的影响

通过不同刈剪高度（２ｃｍ、４ｃｍ、６ｃｍ、８ｃｍ）对８０％苇状羊茅＋２０％草早熟禾混播草坪群落结构的影响进行研究，结果表明，亚热带湿润地苇状羊茅＋草地早熟禾混播草坪早期低刈剪（２ｃｍ）、成坪后高剪（８ｃｍ）有利于保持群落的稳定性。高剪（８ｃｍ）营养物质累积较多，地下１０ｃｍ＊１０ｃｍ＊３０ｃｍ根重达１．９５９２ｇ。随着刈剪高度降低，苇状柔叶片变窄，草地早熟禾叶片加宽。     

不同猪种四肢骨胳坚强度的研究

试验对五种肥育猪（安庆猪、淮猪、大安、长大安、大长淮各１０头）的肱骨和股骨作了坚强度测定。试验结果表明本地猪肱骨的骨重相对弯矩（安庆猪１１．４±１．５ｋｇ．ｅｍ／ｇ，淮猪１１．９±１．２ｋｇ．ｃｍ／ｇ）显著高于杂交猪相应的弯矩（大安８．９±２．６ｋｇ．ｃｍ／ｇ，长大安８．９±１．８ｋｇ．ｃｍ／ｇ，大长淮９．３±２．１ｋｇ，ｃｍ／ｇ）。不同品种股骨的相对弯矩无显著差异。     

不同猪种四肢骨骼坚强度的研究

试验对五种肥育猪（安庆猪、淮猪、大安、长大安、大长淮各１０头）的肱骨和股骨作了坚强度测定。试验结果表明本地猪肱骨的骨重相对弯矩（安庆猪１１．４±１．５ｋｇ．ｃｍ／ｇ，淮猪１１．９±１．２ｋｇ．ｃｍ／ｇ）显高于杂交猪相应的弯矩（大安８．９±２．６ｋｇ．ｃｍ／ｇ，长大安８．９±１．８ｋｇ．ｃｍ／ｇ，大长淮９．３±２．１ｋｇ．ｃｍ／ｇ）。不同品种股骨的相对弯矩无显差异。     

大约克猪世代选育研究

大约克猪经过五个世代选育，选育指标－日增重、背膘厚和选种指数值均获得提高。公猪分别由５７２．９１±７．３６ｇ提高到８６１．５０±７．２５ｇ，由２．１４±０．５５ｃｍ下降到１．６２±０．１１ｃｍ与由１００分上升到１３１．６１±２．１１（分）。母猪分别由５０１．２９±８．４９ｇ提高到６３４．２２±７．４１ｇ，由２．４９±０．３４ｃｍ下降到１．７７±０．２３ｃｍ与由１００分上升到１２８．１１±２．３５分     

荔枝矮密早丰栽培技术要点

１　定植密度　定植穴长、宽１００～１３０ｃｍ,深８０ｃｍ。每穴施１００～１５０ｋｇ堆肥或厩肥,２．５ｋｇ磷肥,５０ｋｇ人畜粪。按每６６６．７ｍ２４０株（４ｍ × ４ｍ）或５５株（３ｍ ×４ｍ）密度定植。２　第１～３年管理　主要为促进树冠迅速扩大和形成合理的树冠结构,即３～４条主枝,角度合适,分布均匀的回头形树冠。春季,新梢抽发前后各施一次促梢肥和壮梢肥,并进行疏芽、摘心处理,每一基枝上最多留２～３条梢即可。夏季树盘覆草,抗旱,喷药治虫护梢。冬季薄膜覆盖树盘,有的地方还可搭小拱棚。整形要求形成低于、…     

早熟禾与假俭草间植草坪效果观察

为解决长沙市历年来草坪青绿期短的问题，在进行多年草坪引种的基础上，根据早熟禾苗温耐寒怕热，在长沙地区７－１０月地面枯黄，１１－６月生长青绿；假俭草抗寒性能差，耐热性能好，在５－１０月生长青，１１－４月地面部分枯黄的生长习性，为了延长草坪的青绿期，提高园林价值，降低草坪建植费用，我们用上述二种草进行间植建坪试验，结果：草坪的年青绿期由单一早熟禾２００ｄ左右增加到３３０ｄ，吸滞留灰尘量由单一早熟禾每平     

Laboratory investigations in sheep with a new anthelmintic.

The efficacy of fenbendazole against the following gastrointestinal nematodes was tested in experimentally infected lambs: O circumcincta, H contortus, T colubriformis and N filicollis. As low a dose as 0.5 mg per kg reduced the egg output of a patent infection with H contortus and T colubriformis by 85 per cent to 100 per cent. A dose of 3.5 mg per kg has a 100 per cent effect on three or 10-day-old stages of H contortus and one of more than 99 per cent or 100 per cent T colubriformis. The same dose reduces seven-day-old stages of O circumcincta and N filicollis by more than 94 per cent or 100 per cent, while 10 mg per kg produces a 100 per cent elimination of seven-day-old stages of O circumcincta. In field trials and efficacy of more than 99 per cent was determined after oral dosage with 5.0 mg per kg against Ostertagia, Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Cooperia, Nematodirus and Chabertia. Fenbendazole has a wide therapeutic-toxic dose ratio. Discoloration of the wool does not occur. Fenbendazole can be administered as a drench or with the feed.     

Critical Tests on Thiabendazole as an Anthelmintic in Sheep

The results of critical tests on thiabendazole given at three dose levels, 50 mg/kg, 80 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg, to groups of naturally parasitized lambs are reported. While the compound appeared to be efficient at all levels, the best results were obtained at 100 mg/kg. The total percentage removals of all worms present in the gut at these three dosage levels were 79.1 per cent at the 50 mg/kg level, 96.3 per cent at the 80 mg/kg level and 99.5 per cent at the 100 mg/kg level.     

Evaluation of oxfendazole against natural infections of gastrointestinal nematodes in Nigerian calves

The efficacy of oxfendazole was tested in naturally infected Sokoto-Gudali calves at a dosage of 2.8 mg per kg. At this dosage level, oxfendazole showed 100 per cent efficacy against adult and immature forms of Haemonchus spp, Trichostrongylus spp, Bunostomum phlebotomum and Oesophagostomum radiatum. Although efficacy of 100 per cent was recorded for the adult form of Cooperia spp, only 48 per cent reduction was recorded for its immature stages. Similarly, a percentage reduction of 75 was recorded for adult Trichuris spp. No larvae hatched out of a seven-day vermiculite culture of faeces collected from the treated calves 24 h after treatment.     

Evaluation of three LPS-specific monoclonal antibodies for the immunodiagnosis of bovine brucellosis

Bovine sera collected during the Australian brucellosis eradication campaign were used to assess the value of three monoclonal antibodies (MAb Bruce 1, 4 and 7) for the immunodiagnosis of bovine brucellosis in a competitive enzyme immunoassay (CEIA). Each MAb reacted to a different epitope of lipopolysaccharide molecules on the cell surface of Brucella abortus. When the sensitivity of the CEIA was set at 100 per cent so that all infected animals were identified, the specificity of the test using MAb Bruce 1 and Bruce 7 was 69 per cent and 52 per cent, respectively. On the other hand, a quarter of the sera from infected cattle did not inhibit the binding of MAb Bruce 4 to the antigen. With a maximum sensitivity of 75 per cent, the specificity of the CEIA using MAb Bruce 4 was 94 per cent. However, all three MAb cross reacted with sera from sheep infected with Bovis, Histophilus ovis and Actinobacillus seminis.     

Reduction of non-specific reactions to the Brucella abortus serum agglutination test by the addition of EDTA

Serum samples taken from cattle known to be infected with Brucella abortus, and samples routinely collected as part of the brucellosis eradication scheme were tested by the serum agglutination test (SAT), complement fixation test (CFT) and the SAT modified by the addition of ethylene diamine tetra-acetic acid (EDTA). In 64 per cent of the samples giving an SAT titre greater than 100 iu, but a CFT titre 8.3 icftu or less, the agglutination reaction was sufficiently affected by the action of EDTA for the titre to drop to below 100 iu. Only 5 per cent of samples giving an SAT titre greater than 100 iu and a CFT titre of 20 icftu or greater were affected in a similar manner by EDTA, and none of the 29 sera taken from known infected animals showed a drop in titre to below 100 iu, although some with titres greater than 500 iu did show significant EDTA sensitivity.     

动物全身麻醉剂——846麻醉合剂对牛麻醉效果的实验观察

给实验黄牛7头,分别按1.5ml/100kg体重的剂量肌肉注射846麻醉合剂(每毫升含保定宁60mg、双氢埃托啡4μg,氟哌啶醇2.5mg)后,1～3min出现垂头反应,4～10min平稳倒地进入麻醉状态,麻醉时间持续45～100min;对实验牛心血管系统、呼吸系统,肝肾系统和血液指标监测,仅见心率减慢、轻度酸硷平衡紊乱以及ECG的P—R间期延长,其他指标均无明显变化。与氯胺酮/静松灵复合麻醉对照组比较,具有麻醉时间长、副作用小、用量少、给药方便、经济等优点。进而在临床上按0.6～4ml/100kg体重的剂量,试用于109头黄牛、水牛、奶牛的27种手术麻醉,麻醉效果优者达77％,良者为23％。     

Effects of periparturient events on subsequent culling and fertility in eight UK dairy herds

The occurrence of five periparturient events and their effects on subsequent culling and fertility was recorded in eight herds in the UK. Combining data from all 2105 calvings, the proportion affected by assisted calving, dead calf, retained fetal membranes (RFM), milk fever or twins was 5.9, 8.2, 5.3, 5.0 or 3.3 per cent, respectively. Compared with unaffected herdmates, cows with an assisted calving or a dead calf had higher early (but not late) culling rates, (assisted calving: 8.8 per cent being culled before 100 days after calving compared with 5.7 per cent; P=0.05; dead calf: 12.2 per cent culled compared with 5.3 per cent; P=0.001). Compared with unaffected animals, cows with milk fever were four times more likely to be culled before 100 days after calving (16.2 per cent compared with 5.3 per cent; P=0.001), whereas those with RFM were twice as likely to be culled between 100 and 200 days (14.3 per cent compared with 7.6 per cent; P=0.003), and both groups were twice as likely to not be pregnant by 200 days. Cows with RFM or milk fever also had markedly reduced subsequent fertility: both conditions extended calving to pregnancy intervals (by 20 days; P=0.001, or by 13 days; P=0.03, respectively), lowered 100-day in-calf rates (by 24.5 per cent; P=0.001, or by 17.8 per cent; P=0.008, respectively) and lowered 200-day in-calf rates (by 20 per cent; P=0.001, or by 15 per cent; P=0.002, respectively). The birth of twins had no effect on subsequent culling or fertility.     

Successful treatment of equine sarcoids by topical aciclovir application

Based on the anecdotally reported eradication of a sarcoid using aciclovir cream, the curative potential of this ointment was investigated in 22 sarcoid-affected horses referred to the Equine Clinic Tillysburg, Austria, between 2006 and 2009. Sarcoid disease was diagnosed by clinical examination and bovine papillomavirus types 1 and 2 from intact skin and tumour tissue. As nine horses had more than one lesion, a total of 47 sarcoids were treated by daily topical application of aciclovir 5 per cent cream for a period of two to six months; in four horses, surgical tumour ablation was performed before treatment. Disease parameters, including the tumour type, number, location and size, were recorded before and after aciclovir therapy. All 47 (100 per cent) of the sarcoids responded to treatment, with complete tumour regression observed for 32 (68 per cent) lesions and no recurrences reported thus far. Incomplete resolution was observed for 15 (32 per cent) lesions, probably due to their thickness. Aciclovir is proposed to be routinely used for the treatment of mild-type sarcoids and as an adjuvant therapeutic agent in combination with surgery.     

Measurements of footpad dermatitis in broiler chickens at processing plants

A four-point photographic scale was developed to score the severity of lesions of footpad dermatitis (FPD) in broiler chickens. There was a linear relationship between the square root of the relative area of the lesions and their scores, and good agreement between different assessors using the scale. The scale was used to assess samples of 100 birds from each of 190 flocks slaughtered at two uk processing plants in 2002 and 2003; 12 of the flocks (6.3 per cent) had no lesions, but the others had lesions of different prevalences and severity. The maximum proportion of affected birds in a flock was 92 per cent. In the 178 affected flocks, 84.0 per cent of the birds had no lesions and 16.0 per cent had some evidence of FPD. The overall unweighted prevalence of birds with FPD in all 190 flocks sampled was 18.1 per cent; 10.2 per cent had only small lesions, on average equivalent in area to 2.1 per cent of the total area of the foot, 6.2 per cent had lesions on average equivalent to 6.6 per cent of the area of the foot, and 1.7 per cent had lesions on average equivalent to 21.5 per cent of the area of the foot. There were differences between the two plants in the overall prevalence and severity of FPD, but this may have been due to the fact that the plants were sampled at different times of the year.