轴心受压钢构件高温下局部稳定设计方法

为了得到钢构件高温下局部稳定设计方法,通过试验对建立的有限元模型进行了验证。采用验证后的有限元模型,分析了温度、板件宽厚比、初始几何缺陷、腹板和翼缘相互作用等因素对H形截面轴心受压钢构件局部屈曲应力的影响,提出了Q235钢和Q460钢H形截面轴心受压构件高温下的局部稳定承载力简化计算公式和高温下防止局部屈曲的翼缘宽厚比和腹板高厚比限值。研究表明：当板件宽厚比较小时,构件的局部屈曲应力随宽厚比的增大迅速减小,宽厚比较大时,构件屈曲应力降低不明显;初始几何缺陷对构件局部屈曲应力影响较小;高温下翼缘对腹板屈曲的约束作用比常温下明显;高温下防止局部屈曲的宽厚比限值与常温下宽厚比限值不同。     

G550高强冷弯薄壁槽钢受弯构件力学性能与设计方法

为了研究高强冷弯薄壁槽钢受弯构件的力学性能和设计方法,对3种板件加劲形式的G550高强冷弯薄壁型钢槽形截面受弯构件进行了试验研究和有限元参数分析。结果表明,板件加劲形式对高强冷弯薄壁槽钢受弯构件屈曲模式和受弯承载力有显著影响,翼缘V形加劲比腹板V形加劲能够更有效地提高构件抗弯承载力,构件抗弯承载力的变化规律与屈曲模式有关。根据有限元参数分析结果,在已有直接强度法基础上回归出适用于高强冷弯薄壁槽钢受弯构件的直接强度法修正公式。     

钢筋混凝土无腹筋细长梁剪切破坏机理模型研究综述

根据现有关于钢筋混凝土无腹筋细长梁剪切破坏机理问题的研究成果,介绍了基于修正压力场理论的抗剪模型、临界剪切裂缝理论、塑性理论、压力路径理论、劈裂破坏理论和基于截面应变分析的抗剪模型的基本假设、核心观点及受剪承载力计算方法,并给出总结、归纳及评析;另一方面,利用相关试验数据和ACI-DAfStb无腹筋细长梁剪切破坏数据库,分别对不同理论模型的受剪承载力计算公式进行了设计参数的影响评估和统计评估;并展望了无腹筋细长梁剪切破坏机理研究的发展方向。研究结果表明：不同理论模型的部分假设缺少直接的试验依据支持,梁腹混凝土的受拉（劈裂）或受剪（骨料咬合）以及受压区混凝土对抵抗剪力的贡献成为抗剪机制的主要分歧;不同受剪承载力计算公式对不同影响因素的考虑方式的合理性和计算结果的准确度均有待进一步提高。后续深入研究应综合考虑剪切破坏问题的随机性和物理属性,利用先进测试技术、应力演化分析方法,进一步揭示剪切破坏机理。     

马铃薯卷叶病毒(PLRV)内蒙古分离物基因间隔区(IS)的克隆与序列分析

根据Genbank已报道马铃薯卷叶病毒(PLRV)基因组序列,分析其基因间隔区(IS)两端的保守区,自行设计、合成一对特异性引物,以PLRV内蒙古分离物总RNA为模板,经RT-PCR扩增得到含PLRVIS的一段369 bp的cDNA,克隆于载体pBS-T中。重组质粒经PCR鉴定、酶切分析和核苷酸序列测定,并进一步与PLRV其他分离物的同源序列作比对。结果表明:克隆的PLRV内蒙古分离物的IS序列与其他全部已发表的13个全基因组中的IS核苷酸序列有很高的同源性,最高达到100%,平均为97.90%,高于这13个PLRV全基因组序列96.81%的同源性,说明IS序列不仅在PLRV的不同株系间比较保守,而且在PLRV的全基因组序列中也是相对保守的。研究结果预示,将IS构建成RNA干扰型结构导入马铃薯,将有可能获得抗PLRV多种株系且抗性更高的转基因植株。     

水稻半外卷叶突变体sol1的表型分析与基因定位

适度卷曲有利于提高水稻叶片的光合效率,增加植株光合产物的有效积累量。我们利用甲基磺酸乙酯(EMS)处理籼型水稻保持系西农1B,获得一个稳定遗传的水稻半外卷叶突变体。该突变体从十叶期开始各叶片逐渐向外卷曲直至半卷状,并伴随茎秆半矮化和叶片披垂,暂被命名为semi-outcurved leaf 1(sol1)。与野生型(WT)相比,sol1的叶片卷曲指数均达到30%以上(P<0.01);倒一、倒二、倒三、倒四节节间长度和穗长极显著缩短,倒一、倒二、倒三叶的叶夹角显著或极显著增加;有效穗数、千粒重、每穗实粒数、结实率显著或极显著下降,一次枝梗数则增加11.3%(P<0.05)。sol1的蒸腾速率、胞间CO2浓度、气孔导度显著高于野生型。石蜡切片显示,sol1倒一叶的泡状细胞体积变小,数量显著增多,表皮细胞体积略微增大。遗传分析表明,sol1的半外卷叶性状受1对隐性核基因调控,定位于6号染色体标记JY6-3和JY6-10之间165 kb的物理范围内,共含15个注释基因。qRT-PCR结果表明,与泡状细胞相关的内卷基因和外卷叶基因RL14、Roc5、REL1在突变体sol1中呈不同程度的上调,NRL、BRD1、OsHox32、ADL1、LC2则呈不同程度的下调。研究结果为SOL1基因的克隆和功能研究奠定了基础。     

卷烟纸参数对卷烟燃烧锥掉落率的影响分析研究

取同一批次A牌号的烟丝,设计均匀试验,通过卷烟机卷制不同定量、透气度、纸浆类型、助燃剂比例、钾盐比例的卷烟试样,按照卷烟燃烧锥掉落率测定方法进行评定,通过数学回归方程确定卷烟纸参数对卷烟燃烧锥掉落率的影响并进行评价,由显著性分析确定各卷烟纸参数对卷烟燃烧锥掉落率的影响程度。单因素试验分析结果表明:卷烟纸定量低、助燃剂比例较低、透气度为50-55CU、麻浆比例低的卷烟燃烧锥掉落率低。均匀试验分析结果表明,根据各因素显著性检验值t可推出各因素对卷烟燃烧锥掉落率的影响大小依次是助燃剂比例卷烟纸定量麻浆比例卷烟纸助燃剂钾盐比例卷烟纸透气度。对二次回归方程用非线性规划方法进行最小模型优化,可得到卷烟燃烧锥掉落率最小组合,即卷烟纸定量29 g/m~2,卷烟纸助燃剂钾盐比例20%,卷烟纸透气度50 CU,助燃剂比例1.2%,麻浆比例0,代入上述回归方程,得到Y(卷烟燃烧锥掉落率)最小预测值为0.681 9%。按照最优的卷烟纸参数卷制卷烟,卷烟燃烧锥掉落率由12.7%降低为0.5%,卷烟纸和烟丝燃烧适配性得到改善,调整卷烟纸参数对卷烟燃烧锥掉落率有积极的影响。     

文蛤蛋白酶解条件的优化及酶解产物体外抗氧化活性的分析

为了制备抗氧化活性多肽,利用风味蛋白酶和木瓜蛋白酶双酶复合的方式水解文蛤蛋白,在单因素实验结果的基础上,选取液料比、酶解温度和酶解pH为影响因子,应用Box-Benhnken中心组合设计原理进行三因素三水平实验设计,以文蛤蛋白的水解度(DH%)为响应值,运用响应面(RSM)法对双酶复合水解条件进行优化,并分析了酶解产物的体外抗氧化活性。结果表明：双酶复合酶解的最优酶解条件为水解时间4 h,酶添加量3%,双酶复合比（风味蛋白酶:木瓜蛋白酶）2:1,液固比3.25:1,温度51℃,pH 6.9,在此条件下文蛤蛋白水解度为36.11%,酶解产物清除DPPH和?OH自由基的IC50值分别为2.61、3.47 mg/mL,表现出较强的体外抗氧化活性,因此,可以利用优化后的酶解条件水解文蛤蛋白制备抗氧化多肽。     

不同白肋烟晾房调制期间温湿度和烟叶含水率与色素含量比较

为了选择适宜的晾房类型与材料,通过设计4种不同类型晾房于2010年在四川达州研究比较了白肋烟晾制期间晾房内温湿度和烟叶含水率、色素含量变化趋势及晾制后烟叶化学成分含量。结果表明,不同晾房对温度和相对湿度的调节能力有差异,美式晾房平均温度较高而涂泥晾房温度较低,钢架晾房平均相对湿度较低而涂泥晾房较高;晾房内部不同空间的温湿度有差异,晾房中部的温度、湿度要高于晾房两侧边的温度、湿度,晾房上层平均温度高于下层而上层的平均相对湿度低于下层;不同晾房晾制期间烟叶含水率与色素含量变化有差异,不同晾房对晾制后的烟叶化学成分含量有不同程度的影响。说明设计的4种类型晾房均能够达到调制要求,各烟区可根据本地实际材料选择适宜类型。     

超声波辅助提取蚕沙叶绿素的工艺研究

为了更好地开发利用蚕沙资源,为工业化生产蚕沙叶绿素提供实验数据与理论支持。本研究以蚕沙为原料,丙酮比乙醇为2:1的混合溶液为提取剂,采用超声波辅助有机溶剂法提取蚕沙叶绿素,通过单因素试验和正交试验设计考察料液比、软化时间、超声温度、超声时间等主要工艺参数对提取效率的影响,并优化了提取工艺。结果表明应用超声波辅助有机溶剂法提取蚕沙叶绿素的工艺路线是正确可行的,其最优工艺条件为：料液比为1:200(g/mL),软化时间为10 min,超声温度为50℃,超声时间为60 min。在此最优工艺条件下,蚕沙叶绿素a的浓度可达到13.825 mg/L。该提取工艺具有操作简单安全,生产成本低廉,产品质量高等优点,可供工业生产蚕沙叶绿素参考。     

氧化乐果降解菌株发酵培养基碳氮源优化的研究

为确定氧化乐果降解菌株L-3发酵培养基碳源和氮源的最优配比,在质量浓度为1.0mg/mL的氧化乐果降解菌株的基础发酵培养基中,添加不同的碳源和氮源,选出适合菌株生长的最佳碳源和氮源,采用正交试验设计,优化出碳氮源的最佳配比,并进一步测定菌株L-3的生长情况和对氧化乐果的降解效果。结果表明,菌株L-3发酵培养基中最佳的碳源和氮源分别为蔗糖和NH4NO3;最佳的发酵条件为A3B2C3碳源质量浓度0.6g/L,氮源质量浓度0.5g/L,pH值7.0;最适的碳氮质量比为6∶5;菌株L-3在第3天达到生长高峰期,第4天达到降解高峰期,其降解氧化乐果的能力高达86%。优化后的菌种培养基更利于菌体生长,提高了氧化乐果的降解效果。     

Distortional Buckling Formulae of Cold-Formed Thin-Walled Rack Members Upright with Rear Flange and Additional Lip Stiffeners

According to the generalised beam theory based on the exist studies, the aim of this paper is to derive the distortional buckling formulae of pined or fixed cold-formed thin-walled rack members upright with rear flanges and additional lip stiffeners. The formulae is adopted to calculate the distortional buckling load and the buckling half-wave length of the member subjected to axial compression or minor and major axis bending. Meanwhile, the results are compared to those of finite strip program CUFSM and other analytical formulae. The derived formulae is proved to be accurate enough. As a result, it may be directly used in practical design as well as further study.     

Axial Bearing Capacity Design Method of Cold-Formed Steel Quadruple-C Built-up Section Members

The finite element model involving geometric large deformation,materials and contact nonlinearity is established.Specimens of cold-formed steel quadruple-C built-up section members are simulated and the finite element models are proved to be valid.Then,numerical analysis on the behavior of specimens with different slenderness ratio and flange flakiness ratio are carried out,and then the axial bearing capacities of specimens are obtained.Based on effective width method and direct strength method (DSM) in related codes,two design methods of cold-formed steel quadruple-C built-up section members under axial compression are proposed:effective length method and correction factor method.It is shown that:the final failure characteristics of all specimens are local buckling and distortional buckling.In the case of not considering the reduction of effective length,the results calculated by each code are slightly lower than those of test and FEM when the slenderness ratio is less than 50,while the results are too conservative when the slenderness ratio is more than 50.     

A fuzzy fusion approach to gabor transform optimal channels for facial expression recognition

According to its characteristics of multi-direction and multi-scale, Gabor wavelet is divided into 13 channels. Due to different contributions of different channels to the recognition rate, a fuzzy integral fusion approach for facial expression recognition is proposed based on optimal channels. Firstly, three optimal channels are selected according to three proposed principles. And then Gabor features of facial expressional images through those optimal channels are extracted with the dimensions reduction. Finally, each optimal channel is used as a classifier and three classifiers are fused based on multi-classifier combination with fuzzy integral. With the results on JAFFE database, it is found that the recognition rate of the proposed algorithm is 94.41%, which verifies the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.     

Bearing capacity of composite columns reinforced by concrete filled steel tube

In this study, nine simplified short composite columns consisting of core CFST (concrete filled steel tube) of different diameters and outer reinforced concrete were constructed to study their compressive performance under axial or eccentric compression. The failure mode is characterized by the crush of the outer concrete. The bearing capacity increases at first and then decreases with further increase of the position coefficient. It can be concluded that position coefficient is an important structural parameter that has considerable influences on the ultimate bearing capacity of the composite columns. The outer concrete, steel tubes and longitudinal reinforcement are found to work in a cooperative manner under axial or eccentric compression when the position coefficient is about 0.5. An improved bearing capacity algorithm that takes the position coefficient into account has been proposed based on the experimental and simulation results and current technical specification in China. It has been proven to be precise and safe.     

GBT-based Buckling Loads Formula of Non-linear Thin-walled Compressed Members

A buckling loads formula based on Generalised Beam Theory (GBT) was proposed, which could be used in non-linear elastic metallic materials thin-walled compressed members, such as stainless steel. By introducing non-linear stress-strain relations and instantaneous elastic modulus, the modifications were incorporated in the conventional GBT, and the expressions were formulated to calculate buckling loads of stainless steel members buckling in local, distortional and global modes. Compared with the existed test results, it is shown that linear elastic method cannot deal with stainless steel, while the results of proposed method are much more reliable. Moreover, the modified GBT method with deformation plasticity theories produces safer results, which could be used in determining buckling loads of non-linear metallic materials thin-walled members in compression, as well as structural design and further researches.     

Analysis of Hysteretic Performance of C-section Specimens of Cold-formed Steel

Seven specimens were loaded with axial force and horizontal cycle force to analyze the hysteretic performance and the influencing factor as well. The influence of axial compression ratio and aspect ratio on the hysteretic performance was investigated, including the buckling behaviors and the energy dissipation. And the positive role of combined effects on the hysteretic performance of cold-formed specimens was studied emphatically. The experiment reveals that a large axial compression ratio incurs a serious decrease on hysteretic performance, while the combined effects give an increase on it. In addition, the numerical mode is set up. Considering double nonlinearity, the results of experiment and simulation match each other well. Based on the data, it is obtained that local buckling plays a great negative role during the loading course. At last, the characteristics of hysteretic performance of cold-formed steel specimens are concluded and some suggestions are given.     

An Improved Genetic Algorithm for Optimum Design of Power Transformers

In order to enhance the ability of global searching for genetic algorithm in power transformers optimization design, some interrelated key technique problems such as encoding method, genetic operators, restrict condition, fitness function for the traditional genetic algorithm are further reformed. An Improved Genetic Algorithm (IGA) is developed. The optimal results of a representative mathematical example show that IGA has high efficiency of global searching. At the same time, a multi-objective algorithm based on IGA is studied in this paper. IGA is applied to the single and multi-objective optimum design of S9 power transformers for the first time. All the achievements in the paper are verified a practical S9-1000/10 kV power transformer. All the optimization results are satisfactory and show that IGA has powerful ability of global searching, excellent solution precision and has a bright application prospect in the fields of power transformers design.     

Fire-resistance performance of high-strength-steel H shaped columns under the axial compression

In order to investigate the fire-resistance performance of high-strength-steel column,this paper deduces the critical stress of high-strength-steel columns under the axial compression at high temperature by introducing the mechanical properties of high-strength-steel at high temperature.Moreover,coefficients of overall stability and critical temperature for high-strength-steel column under the axial compression are obtained which can provide a reference for design.The comparison of overall stability coefficient and critical temperature between high-strength-steel and normal steel is made.The results show that the overall stability coefficient and critical temperature for normal steel is not applicable for high-strength-steel,and the overall stability coefficient for high-strength-steel is smaller than that for normal steel.The paper uses the finite element analysis to validate the overall stability coefficient,and good match was found between them.     

Numerical Analysis for Torsion of Prismatic Bars with Sectorial Cross-section

In mechanical design and application, in order to calculate torsion angle and shear stresses of prismatic bars with seetorial cross-section undergoing extemal couples, the numerical method is presented. The torsion equation is nonhomogeneous partial differential equation. First, using the method of separation of variables, torsion stress function is acquired in polar coordinate. Then, the method of boundary collocation is improved to calculate the undetermined parameters. Finally,approximate numerical solutions of stress function and shear stresses in cross-section are obtained. It is given the several calculation results of shear stresses of prismatic bars with different vertex angles. These results show that the method has some precision and application feasibility in engineering design. The method of separation of variables is combinied with the method of boundary collocation simplified calculation process.