EXPLOITATION OF PHOSPHORUS PATCHES WITH DIFFERENT PHOSPHORUS ENRICHMENT BY THREE ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI

The effect of three arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi on phosphorus (P) nutrient activation and acquisition by maize from spatially heterogeneous sand was investigated using dual-mesh packages enriched with different P concentrations and compared with non-mycorrhizal cotrols. As would be expected the AM fungi significantly enhanced leaf photosynthetic rate and the biomass and P concentrations in shoots and roots. All three fungi (Glomus intraradices, Glomus mosseae and Glomus etunicatum) displayed the capacity to dissolve inorganic P and promoted P nutrient availability in the packages (P patches). G. etunicatum showed the largest effect comparing with Glomus intraradices and Glomus mosseae, particularly in packages with high concentrations of P. Possible mechanisms involved include the acidification of the P patches by the AM fungi, promotion of the dissolution of the P, and more marked effects of the three fungal isolates with increasing enrichment of P in the patches. Inoculation with G. etunicatum resulted in greater acidification compared to the other two fungi. We conclude that AM fungi can promote P availability by acidifying the soil and consequently exploiting the P in nutrient patches and by facilitating the growth and development of the host plants.     

Response of Two Maize Inbred Lines with Contrasting Phosphorus Efficiency and Root Morphology to Mycorrhizal Colonization at Different Soil Phosphorus Supply Levels

ABSTRACT

A pot experiment investigated the response of two maize inbred lines with contrasting root morphology and phosphorus (P) efficiency to inoculation with Glomus mosseae or Glomus etunicatum compared with non-mycorrhizal controls. Soil phosphorus was supplied at rates of 10, 50, and 100 mg P kg ^?1 soil. Root length, specific root length, and specific phosphorus uptake of maize line 178 (P-efficient) were significantly higher than of line Hc (P-inefficient). Percentage of root length colonized showed the opposite trend regardless of soil P supply level. The two maize lines did not differ significantly in growth response to mycorrhizal colonization. Root colonization rate decreased with increasing soil phosphorus supply. The beneficial effect of the two AM fungi on plant growth and P uptake was greatest at low soil P level and the responses were negative at high P supply. Mycorrhizal responsiveness also decreased with increasing P supply and differed between the two mycorrhizal fungal isolates.     

Interactive effects of co-inoculation of Bradyrhizobium japonicum strains and mycorrhiza species on soybean growth and nutrient contents in plant

The main objective of this study was to investigate the effects of co-inoculation with different strains of Bradyrhizobium japonicum (i.e. Helinitro, Rizoking, and Nitragin) and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) species (i.e. Glomus fasciculatum, Glomus versiforme, Glomus intraradices, Glomus mosseae, and Glomus etunicatum) on soybean growth, fungal root colonization, and nutrient uptake of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), zinc (Zn), iron (Fe), and copper (Cu). Co-inoculation with various AMF species and rhizobia significantly (p<0.01) increased the soybean biomass production as compared to the non-inoculated controls. Furthermore, AMF colonization of roots of soybean plants increased by 79, 70.1, 67, 63, 57.5, and 50.1% in the presence of G. fasciculatum (GF), G. versiforme (GV), G. intraradices (GI), G. mosseae (GM), and G. etunicatum (GE), and Gmix (a mixed culture of fungi), respectively. Higher nutrient contents were observed in plants co-inoculated with Helinitro and GF. More insight into these results will enable optimization of the effective use of AM fungi in combination with their bacterial partners as a tool for increasing soybean yields in Iran; however, its general analytical framework could be applied to other parts of the world.     

Uptake of Arsenic by Maize Inoculated with Three Different Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi

Effects of inoculation with three different arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi (Glomus etunicatum, Glomus constrictum, and Glomus mosseae) on arsenic (As) accumulation by maize were investigated by using soil spiked with As at rates of 0, 25, 50, and 100 mg kg^?1. The root colonization rates by the three fungi were significantly different (G. mosseae > G. etunicatum > G. constrictum) and decreased markedly with increasing As concentration in the soil. Inoculation with G. etunicatum or G. mosseae increased maize biomass and phosphorus (P) accumulation (G. mosseae > G. etunicatum) and reduced As accumulation in shoots (G. mosseae ≈ G. etunicatum), whereas inoculation with G. constrictum had little effect on these parameters. Inoculation with G. mosseae produced greater biomass and P uptake and less shoot As accumulation, and therefore it may be a promising approach to reduce As translocation from contaminated soils to plants.     

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi associated with wild forage plants in typical steppe of eastern Inner Mongolia

A preliminary investigation was conducted on the arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) status of the dominant and common wild forage plants in typical steppe of eastern Inner Mongolia, a major semi-arid grassland region in China. Fifty-four wild forage plant species were collected and examined, and 27 of these were colonized by AM fungi. Some plants belonging to families that are presumed to lack mycorrhizas (Cyperaceae, Caryophyllaceae and Chenopodiaceae) were also found to be mycorrhizal. Higher proportions of arbuscular mycorrhizal plants were found in perennial (56.1%) and monocotyledonous (64.7%) forage species. However, neither percentage of root length colonized nor spore density varied significantly between the two life forms or cotyledon types. Twenty-seven species belonging to 7 genera of AM fungi were identified in total according to the morphological characteristics of the spores from field soil and trap cultures, and the results indicate that Glomus was the dominant AM genus and Glomus geosporum (Nicolson & Gerdemann) Walker and Glomus mosseae (Nicolson & Gerdemann) Gerdemann & Trappe were the dominant species in field soil and trap cultures, respectively. Glomus intraradices Schenck & Smith, Glomus etunicatum Becher & Gerdemann, Glomus claroideum Schenk & Smith emend Walker & Vestberg, Glomus clarum Nicolson & Schenck and Scutellospora callospora (Nicolson & Gerdemann) Walker & Sanders also occurred with high frequencies.     

AM真菌对烟苗生长及某些生理指标的影响

在低浓度营养液条件下,利用漂浮育苗技术培育烟苗,于播种期、小十字期、生根期分别接种不同的AM真菌,研究了它们对烟苗生长、营养和某些生理指标的影响。结果表明,越早接种AM真菌,其侵染率越高;播种期接种,侵染率达到39.2%～59.6%。AM真菌的菌根效应因菌种(株)不同而异,接种球囊霉真菌（BEG-141）后,显著增加烟苗干重、磷含量、氮磷钾吸收量、叶绿素含量,以及根系硝酸还原酶、超氧化物歧化酶和几丁质酶活性。表明在漂浮育苗技术中,播种期接种适宜的AM真菌是培育壮苗的有效措施。     

Organic acid exudation by mycorrhizal Andropogon virginicus L. (broomsedge) roots in response to aluminum

Elevated aluminum (Al) availability limits plant growth on acidic soils. Although this element is found naturally in soils, acidic conditions create an environment where Al solubility increases and toxic forms of Al impact plant function. Plant resistance to Al is often attributed to organic acid exudation from plant roots and the chelation of cationic Al in the rhizosphere. The association of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi with the roots of plants may alleviate Al toxicity by altering soil Al availability or plant exposure through the binding of Al to fungal structures or through the influence of fungi on exudation from roots. Diverse communities of AM fungi are found in soil ecosystems and research suggests that AM fungi exhibit functional diversity that may influence plant performance under varying edaphic environments. In the present study, we evaluated acidic isolates of six AM species in their responses to Al. Andropogon virginicus (broomsedge), a warm-season grass that commonly grows in a range of stressful environments including acidic soils, was used as a plant host for Acaulospora morrowiae, Glomus claroideum, Glomus clarum, Glomus etunicatum, Paraglomus brasilianum, and Scutellospora heterogama. Fungal spores were germinated and exposed to 0 or 100 μM Al on filter paper in sand culture or were grown and exposed to Al in sand culture in association with A. virginicus. Short- and long-term responses to Al were evaluated using direct measurements of fungal spore germination, hyphal elongation, and measurements of A. virginicus colonization and plant growth as a phytometer of AM function in symbio. Spore germination and hyphal elongation varied among AM species in response to Al, but patterns were not consistent with the influences of these AM species on A. virginicus under Al exposure. Exposure to Al did not influence colonization of roots, although large differences existed in colonization among fungal species. Plants colonized by G. clarum and S. heterogama exhibited the least reduction in growth when exposed to Al, produced the highest concentrations of Al-chelating organic acids, and had the lowest concentrations of free Al in their root zones. This pattern provides evidence that variation among AM fungi in Al resistance conferred to their plant hosts is associated with the exudation of Al-binding organic acids from roots and highlights the role that AM fungal diversity may play in plant performance in acidic soil environments.     

Interactions between arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and fungivorous nematodes on the growth and arsenic uptake of tobacco in arsenic-contaminated soils

The effects of inoculation with two AM fungi (M1, Glomus caledonium; M2, Glomus spp. and Acaulospora spp.) and a fungivorous nematode Aphelenchoides sp. on growth and arsenic (As) uptake of Nicotiana tabacum L. were investigated in soils contaminated with a range of As. The reproduction of Aphelenchoides sp. was triggered by the co-inoculation of AM fungi regardless of AM fungal isolates and As levels. Stimulative effects of Aphelenchoides sp. on the development of mycorrhiza, slightly different between two AM fungi, were found particularly at the lowest As level. Irrespective of mycorrhizal inoculi, increasing soil As level decreased plant growth, but increased plant As uptake. Co-inoculation of AM fungi and Aphelenchoides sp. led plants to achieving further growth and greater As accumulation at the lowest As level. Results showed that the interactions between AM fungi and fungivorous nematodes were important in plant As tolerance and phytoextraction at low level As-polluted soil.     

Effects of soil application of olive mill wastewaters on the structure and function of the community of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi

Recycling of olive mill wastewaters (OMW) into agricultural soils is a controversial issue since benefits to soil fertility should counterbalance potential short-term toxicity effects. We investigated the short-term effects of OMW on the soil-plant system, regarding the diversity, structure and root colonization capacity of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi and the respective growth response of Vicia faba L, commonly used as green manure in olive-tree plantations. A compartmentalized pot system was used that allowed the establishment of an AM fungal community in one compartment (feeder) and the application of three OMW dose levels in an adjacent second compartment (receiver). At 0, 10, and 30 days after OMW treatment (DAT), V. faba pre-germinated seeds were seeded in the receiver compartment. At harvest, shoot and root dry weights, AM fungal root colonization, soil hyphal length and P availability were recorded in the receiver compartment. In addition, OMW effects on AM fungal diversity in plant roots were studied by DGGE. A transient effect of OMW application was observed; plant growth and AM fungal colonization were initially inhibited, whereas soil hyphal length was stimulated, but in most cases differences were absent when seeding was performed 30 DAT. Similarly, changes induced in the structure of the root AM fungal community were of transient nature. Cloning and sequencing of all the major DGGE bands showed that roots were colonized by Glomus spp. The transient effects of OMW on the structure and function of AM fungi could be attributed to OMW-derived phytoxicity to V. faba plants or to an indirect effect via alteration of soil nutritional status. The high OMW dose significantly increased soil P availability in the presence of AM fungi, suggesting efficient involvement of AM fungi in organic-P minerilization. Overall our results indicate that soil application of OMW would cause transient changes in the AM fungal colonization of V. faba plants, which, would not impair their long-term plant growth promoting ability.     

接种丛枝菌根真菌对脱毒马铃薯微型薯生长及产量的影响

在大田条件下采用混合菌种(Glomus mosseas+Glomus intraradices)作为接种剂,研究了接种丛枝菌根真菌对脱毒马铃薯微型薯菌根侵染、磷吸收和产量的影响。结果表明,接种菌根真菌,马铃薯菌根侵染率增加73.3%,植株吸磷量增加15.4%,块茎产量增加8.0%。上述结果证明,在大田条件下,接种菌根真菌能侵染马铃薯根部,促进植株对磷的吸收,从而增加产量。     

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in degraded typical steppe of inner Mongolia

Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi may have some potential use in the restoration of degraded grassland through beneficial effects on plant growth and soil quality. A field investigation was conducted in three grassland sites of typical steppe in Inner Mongolia. The three plant communities, one of which was undegraded, one moderately degraded and the third severely degraded, were studied by collecting soil samples and samples of four plant species that occurred in all three sites. The percentage of root length colonized by AM fungi was estimated and the species composition and diversity of AM fungus spores recovered from the soil were determined using spore morphological characteristics. Although differences between the sites may have been due partly to other factors, it is likely that the degree of degradation was an important factor. No decline was found in the AM colonization of the roots of the indicator plant species in the moderately or severely degraded plant communities, and two plant species showed higher colonization status in the two degraded areas. Glomus geosporum and Scutellospora calospora were the dominant AM fungi in the undegraded steppe, while G. geosporum and Glomus aggregatum dominated the two degraded sites which also had low spore densities, species richness and diversity indices. However, different AM species showed different distributions among the three plant communities and the results indicate that both biotic and abiotic factors were important in determining the AMF communities, with biotic factors possibly the more important. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

AM真菌对田间山银花生长、矿质营养及绿原酸含量的影响

Lonicera confusa, a traditional Chinese medicine herb for treating cold, flu, acute fever, and so forth, is often grown artificially in acidic soils and suffers from phosphorus (P) deficiency. A five-year field experiment was carried out to study the colonization rate, growth, nutrition, and chlorogenic acid content of Lonicera confusa seedlings inoculated with arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi, Glomus etunicatum and Glomus intraradices. Before transplanting into a field, both AM-inoculated and uninoculated control plants were cultured in nursery beds. In the plants inoculated with the AM fungi, the colonization rate decreased linearly with time and a greater decrease was observed in the plants inoculated with G. intraradices than with G. etunicatum, while the AM colonization increased from 0% to 12.1% in the uninoculated control plants 5 years after transplanting. Plant height, crown diameter, number of new branches, and flower yield increased significantly by AM inoculation as compared to the uninoculated control. Phosphorus concentrations in leaves and flowers increased, and plant uptake of nutrients, e.g., nitrogen (N), P, and potassium (K), was also enhanced significantly by AM inoculation. The Lonicera confusa seedlings had a better response to inoculation of G. intraradices than G. etunicatum in both growth and chlorogenic acid content in flowers. In contrast, both plant P uptake and P concentrations in leaves and flowers were similar between two fungal inoculations. The positive responses of Lonicera confusa to AM inoculation in growth, nutrient uptake, flowering, and chlorogenic acid content in flowers suggested that AM inoculation in nursery beds could promote the plant growth and increase chlorogenic acid content in flowers of Lonicera confusa when grown on acidic and P-deficient soils.     

Mineral Uptake of Mycorrhizal Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under Salinity Stress

The hypothesis was that arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi are able to alleviate salt stress on plant growth by enhancing and adjusting mineral uptake. The objectives were to determine (1) the effects of soil salinity on mineral uptake by different wheat genotypes and (2) the effectiveness of different mycorrhizal treatments on the mineral uptake of different wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes under salinity. Wheat seeds of Chamran and Line 9 genotypes were inoculated with different species of AM fungi including Glomus mosseae, G. intraradices, and G. etunicatum and their mixture at planting using 100 g inoculum. Pots were treated with the salinity levels of 4, 8, and 12 dS/m before stemming. Different arbuscular mycorrhizal treatments, especially the mixture treatment, increased wheat mineral uptake for both genotypes. Although Line 9 genotype resulted in greater nutrient uptake under salinity stress, Chamran was more effective on adjusting sodium (Na⁺) and chloride (Cl^?) uptake under salt stress.     

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi regulate plant mineral nutrient uptake and partitioning in iron ore tailings undergoing eco-engineered pedogenesis

Excess available K and Fe in Fe ore tailings with organic matter amendment and water-deficiencies may restrain plant colonization and growth, which hinders the formation of eco-engineered soil from these tailings for sustainable and cost-effective mine site rehabilitation. Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi are widely demonstrated to assist plant growth under various unfavorable environments. However, it is still unclear whether AM symbiosis in tailings amended with different types of plant biomass and under different water conditions could overcome the surplus K and Fe stress for plants in Fe ore tailings, and if so, by what mechanisms. Here, host plants (Sorghum sp. Hybrid cv. Silk), either colonized or noncolonized by the AM fungi (Glomus spp.), were cultivated in lucerne hay (LH, C:N ratio of 18)- or sugarcane mulch (SM, C:N ratio of 78)-amended Fe ore tailings under well-watered (55% water-holding capacity (WHC) of tailings) or water-deficient (30% WHC of tailings) conditions. Root mycorrhizal colonization, plant growth, and mineral elemental uptake and partitioning were examined. Results indicated that AM fungal colonization improved plant growth in tailings amended with plant biomass under water-deficient conditions. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal colonization enhanced plant mineral element uptake, especially P, both in the LH- and SM-amended tailings regardless of water condition. Additionally, AM symbiosis development restrained the translocation of excess elements (i.e., K and Fe) from plant roots to shoots, thereby relieving their phytotoxicity. The AM fungal roles in P uptake and excess elemental partitioning were greater in LH-amended tailings than in SM-amended tailings. Water deficiency weakened AM fungal colonization and functions in terms of mineral element uptake and partitioning. These findings highlighted the vital role AM fungi played in regulating plant growth and nutrition status in Fe ore tailings technosol, providing an important basis for involvement of AM fungi in the eco-engineered pedogenesis of Fe ore tailings.     

鄱阳湖湿地不同环境条件土壤AM真菌群落特征及其影响因素

丛枝菌根(AM)真菌可以与湿地植物共生，并在湿地生态系统的修复与维护过程中具有重要作用。然而，不同环境条件下湿地土壤AM真菌群落分布特征及其影响因素仍然有待明晰。选择鄱阳湖湿地不同水位条件(高水位和低水位)2种典型植物群落(南荻和水蓼)为研究对象，运用高通量测序技术探究水位和植被类型对鄱阳湖湿地土壤AM真菌群落结构和多样性的影响，比较不同环境条件下AM真菌群落结构和多样性差异，分析其与土壤理化性质的关系。结果表明，AM真菌OTU数为21～38,水位和植被类型影响鄱阳湖湿地土壤AM真菌OTU数，高水位下AM真菌OTU数高于低水位，水蓼群落高于南荻群落。被鉴别出的菌属为Glomus、Claroideoglomus和Paraglomus,其中，Glomus是优势属，占比85%以上，其相对丰度在高水位下显著高于低水位(p<0.05),南荻群落高于水蓼群落。AM真菌多样性指数(Simpson和Shannon指数)受水位和植被类型以及二者交互影响(p<0.01),低水位下不同群落之间的AM真菌多样性指数无显著差异，而高水位下水蓼群落AM真菌多样性指数显著高于南荻群落(p<0.05...     

Mycorrhizal association of Agrostis capillaris and Glomus intraradices under heavy metal stress: Combination of plant clones and fungal isolates from contaminated and uncontaminated substrates

The present study aimed to compare the impact of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi on plant growth and heavy-metal (HM)-uptake when both plant and fungal symbionts originated either from contaminated or uncontaminated sites. HM-tolerance of six clones of the grass Agrostis capillaris and three isolates of the AM fungus Glomus intraradices of different origin was first tested separately. Plant clones from the vicinity of a lead smelter showed a consistently high HM-tolerance, whereas the control clones varied in their ability to cope with HMs. The AM isolate from the contaminated substrate also performed better under HM-stress than the isolates from uncontaminated soils. All A. capillaris clones were then grown in a contaminated substrate, uninoculated or inoculated either with a tolerant or non-tolerant G. intraradices isolate. Clones from the uncontaminated site accumulated considerably more HMs in their shoots and roots, regardless of inoculation. The effect of AM inoculation on plant growth and HM-uptake depended on the particular combination of plant clone and fungal isolate, without clear differences between tolerant and non-tolerant clones.     

Responses of Lentil to Co-Inoculation with Phosphate-Solubilizing Rhizobial Strains and Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the responses of lentil (Lens culinariscv. ‘Ziba’) to co-inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi and some indigenous rhizobial strains varying in phosphorus (P)-solubilizing ability in a calcareous soil with high pH and low amounts of available P and nitrogen (N). A factorial experiment with completely randomized block design was conducted under controlled greenhouse conditions. The treatments consisted of (1) three inoculants of Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. viciae strains and a mixed rhizobial inoculant with an effective P-solubilizer strain of Mesorhizobium ciceri, (2) two AM fungal species, Glomus mosseae and Glomus intraradices, (3) two P sources, superphosphate and phosphate rock. Four replications were prepared for each treatment and a related control. After the growth period of three months, the dry matter of shoots plus seeds, their P and N contents, and percent of root colonized by AM fungus were measured. The results showed that the effects of AM fungi, rhizobial strains, and P fertilizers were highly significant (p < 0.01) for all the characteristics studied. The rhizobial strain with P-solubilizing ability showed a more beneficial effect on plant growth and nutrient uptake than the strain without this ability, although both strains had similar effectiveness for N₂-fixation in symbiosis with lentil. Synergistic relationships were observed between AM fungi and some rhizobial strains that related to the compatible pairing of these two microsymbionts. The P-uptake efficiency was increased when P fertilizers were applied along with AM fungi and/or P-solubilizer rhizobial strains.     

Effect of Azospirillum inoculants on arbuscular mycorrhiza establishment in wheat and maize plants

Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria and arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi represent two main groups of beneficial microorganisms of the rhizosphere. The role of different strains of Azospirillum on AM fungi development was evaluated by measuring the percentage of AM colonisation of the root system in durum wheat and maize plants, grown under both greenhouse and field conditions. The effect of wild-type Azospirillum brasilense strain Sp245 and genetically modified (GM) derivatives overproducing indole-3-acetic acid was assessed at greenhouse level in (1) three different cultivars of durum wheat, in the presence of indigenous AM fungi and (2) maize plants artificially inoculated with Glomus mosseae and Glomus macrocarpum. In addition, the establishment of natural AM fungal symbiosis was evaluated using Azospirillum lipoferum CRT1 in maize plants at field level. Despite the stimulatory effect of the different Azospirillum inocula on root growth, no significant differences in AM colonisation were found, independently of the AM fungus involved, either in wheat or in maize plants. Similarly, GM A. brasilense, which strongly stimulates root development, did not affect AM formation. Although these results were obtained in conditions in which the mycorrhization rate was moderate (15–30%), overall considered they indicate that the use of wild-type or GM Azospirillum phytostimulators does not alter mycorrhization.     

接种丛枝菌根真菌对甘薯生长的影响研究

温室盆栽试验研究 3种丛枝菌根真菌 (AM )对甘薯生长的影响结果表明 ,灭菌土壤条件下接种 3种AM真菌 (GlomusmosseaeBEG16 7GlomusintraradicesBEG14 1和Glomussp .WUM2 6 )均不同程度促进甘薯对P的吸收和植株生长 ,其中BEG16 7和BEG14 1对甘薯效应显著高于WUM2 6 ;各接种处理菌丝长度差异及琥珀酸脱氢酶(SDH)活性与其对甘薯的生长效应基本一致 ;接种BEG16 7和BEG14 1的生长效应无显著差异 ,但接种BEG16 7菌丝长度显著大于BEG14 1,其原因可能是BEG16 7菌丝活性低于BEG14 1所致。未灭菌土壤条件下接种 3种AM真菌对甘薯的生长效应不显著 ,而土著AM真菌繁殖体数量较多可能是影响其接种效果的主要原因。     

丛枝菌根真菌对西藏高原固沙植物吸磷效率的影响

采用盆栽方法,就外源菌种、土著菌种(含混合菌种)对固沙植物白草(Pennisetum.flaccidum)生长和吸磷效率的影响进行了研究。结果表明,白草具有较高的菌根依赖性(平均达166.4%);不同AM真菌(或真菌组合)对白草根系均具显著的侵染效应。随菌根侵染率的提高,植株生物量、吸磷量均呈显著增加(相关系数分别为0.7465*、0.6000*);菌根菌丝对白草吸收土壤磷素的贡献十分明显,各接种处理菌根菌丝对植物吸收土壤磷素的贡献量、贡献率分别在3.2～11.6.mg/pot和61.5%～85.3%之间;接种菌根处理植株吸磷量呈Glomus.intraradicesG.mosseae+G.etunicatum+G.intraradices+Scutellospora.erythropaG.mosseae(外源菌种)G.mosseae+G.intraradices+Scutellospora.calosporaG.mosseae-I(土著菌种)G.etunicatum的趋势。此外,不同AM真菌对寄主植物地上部、根部生物量和吸磷量的影响程度明显不同,一般呈地上部根系的趋势,但寄主植物根系的生长速率相对较快;土著菌种中,多菌混合接种对寄主植物的侵染效应明显高于单一接种。