水稻新品种钱优817的特征特性及高产栽培技术

钱优817系浙江省金华市农科院作物所选育而成的杂交晚籼新品种,具有生育期适中,分蘖力较强,总粒数和结实率较高,优势突出,米质较好,适宜种植区域较广等特点,2012年通过浙江省农作物品种审定。简述了钱优817的特征特性及高产栽培技术。     

高产抗稻瘟病杂交晚稻新组合C两优817

C两优817系浙江省金华市农科院选育的杂交晚籼稻新组合,其母本为C815S、父本为金恢817。该组合具有抗稻瘟病、高产稳产、制种易获高产等特点,于2016年通过浙江省农作物品种审定委员会审定。介绍了该组合的选育过程、特征特性、栽培及制种技术要点。     

高产杂交中稻新组合B优817

B优817系西南科技大学水稻所用自育的优质不育系803A与四川省农科院水稻高粱所选育的恢复系泸恢17配组育成的中籼中熟杂交水稻新组合,表现农艺性状优良、丰产性好、品质较优、抗病性较强、适应性广,2003年7月通过四川省品种审定.     

分蘖期施用多效唑对杂交水稻C两优817产量及主要性状的影响

在施分蘖肥时,通过配施不同用量的多效唑,研究了多效唑对杂交水稻C两优817产量和主要性状的影响。结果表明,多效唑随分蘖肥一起撒施后,C两优817株高降低,分蘖和有效穗增多,穗粒数减少,伸长节间缩短;随着多效唑用量的增加,缩短的伸长节间数增多,株高降低,抗倒伏能力增强;当多效唑用量达到2 250 g/hm2时,大风后未倒伏,产量最高,且变异系数最小。     

杂交水稻新组合T优817的选育及制种技术要点

T优817是湘西民族职业技术学院、湖南杂交水稻研究中心、湘西自治州农科所合作选育的迟熟中籼杂交水稻新组合。该组合于2010年4月通过湖南省农作物品种审定委员会审定（湘审稻2010020）．2010年8月通过湖南省科学技术厅成果登记（湘科成登字第943Y20100194号）。T优817生育期141d左右．在湘西地区种植．其生育期比Ⅱ优58早6～7d：     

B803A系列组合高产制种技术

B803A是西南科技大学水稻研究所选育的籼型三系优质不育系,介绍了B优827、B优811、B优840、B优817、B优838等B803A系列组合的高产制种技术。     

高产稳产多抗玉米新品种绵单8号的选育及栽培技术

绵单 8号是四川省绵阳市农科所 1997年用外引系 785 4与自选系绵 817组配而成。 2 0 0 2年 5月通过四川省农作物品种审定委员会审定 ,准予推广。1　选育经过1.1　选育目的四川属于西南山地玉米区 ,生态条件复杂 ,地区间气候差异大 ,山区玉米栽培水平粗放。针对这些情况 ,我们运用携带有热带血缘的玉米材料选育出营养体较大 ,根系发达 ,耐旱性好的特别适合西南山地玉米生态条件的玉米杂交种绵单 8号。1.2　亲本来源和选育过程绵单 8号母本 785 4系引自西昌农科所的外引系 ,父本绵 817是选自热带血缘玉米材料 (815 6 5×C7的自选系 ,其中C7为…     

新型微孔矿物在佛手茶上肥效试验初报

2007年,在丘陵山地选6年生佛手茶园进行新型做孔矿物肥与空白配对设计试验,结果表明,新型微孔矿物肥增产茶青46．88kg／666．7m^2;差异显著;净增产值增加817．85元／667m^2,说明施用新型做孔矿物肥有一定增产效果。     

全国优质棉基地县建设初见成效

据德州汇报会统计,72个基地县(市)的原种场已建成投产54个,良种轧花厂基本建成投产45个,并成立了47个农业技术推广中心。据资料分析,1987年比1986年全国棉田面积增加了817万亩、总产增加985万担,其中,27个基地县(市)增加了285万亩和381万担,增加的皮棉产量约占全国的40%,河南     

K型不育系K18A的选育及应用

K18A是四川省农业科学院水稻高梁研究所育成的具有粳稻胞质的新质源不育系，具有败良彻底，异交习性优良，可恢性好，配合力高，抗性好和稻米品质优等特点，1999年7月通过四川省成果鉴定，所配组合表现优势强，产量高，熟期早，其中K优817，K优8725，K优8149已于2000年8月通过了四川省品种审定。     

Studies on natural repellents against potato tuber moth (Phthorimaea operculella Zeller) in country stores

Summary The effects of the leaves of five plant species, one from each of the generaAmbrosia, Anemone, Eupatorium, Eucalyptus andLantana, on potato tuber moth were investigated under indigenous storage conditions at the Central Potato Research Station, Shillong (1800 m above sea level). Their action was compared with that of a biological insecticide (spores ofBacillus thuringiensis), a chemical insecticide (carbaryl), and an untreated control. The data collected after six months storage on tuber damage, sprout damage and the rotting indicated that the leaves ofLantana aculeata provided most protection to the tubers, reducing damage from over 70% in the check to below 5%, and sprout damage from over 45% to below 3%. Next best wasEucalyptus globulus followed byB. thuringiensis. They may be used on tubers stored for table use or for seed as they had no adverse effect on germination or on the yield of a subsequent crop.     

Comparative Assessment of the Efficacy of Various Nitrogen Fertilizers

Summary

The efficiency of N fertilizers is usually poor; often less than 50% of the applied N is taken up by the crop. This review focuses on various N fertilizers with respect to the significance of different N loss pathways, namely (i) ammonia volatilization, (ii) dinitrogen and nitrogen oxide emissions, and (iii) nitrate leaching. Further, the significance of biological N immobilization, ammonium fixation and, finally, the impact of nitrate vs. ammonium uptake on crop yield are also discussed. The reviewed literature shows that N fertilizers may differ markedly in their susceptibility to losses. There is, however, considerable scope to improve N efficiency of each N source by proper N management practices.     

Pharmacokinetics of Marine-Derived Drugs

Marine organisms represent an excellent source of innovative compounds that have the potential for the development of new drugs. The pharmacokinetics of marine drugs has attracted increasing interest in recent decades due to its effective and potential contribution to the selection of rational dosage recommendations and the optimal use of the therapeutic arsenal. In general, pharmacokinetics studies how drugs change after administration via the processes of absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME). This review provides a summary of the pharmacokinetics studies of marine-derived active compounds, with a particular focus on their ADME. The pharmacokinetics of compounds derived from algae, crustaceans, sea cucumber, fungus, sea urchins, sponges, mollusks, tunicate, and bryozoan is discussed, and the pharmacokinetics data in human experiments are analyzed. In-depth characterization using pharmacokinetics is useful for obtaining information for understanding the molecular basis of pharmacological activity, for correct doses and treatment schemes selection, and for more effective drug application. Thus, an increase in pharmacokinetic research on marine-derived compounds is expected in the near future.     

In vitro antimicrobial activity of different accessions ofSolanum commersonii Dun. from Uruguay

Summary The in vitro antimicrobial activity of extracts from accessions ofSolanum commersonii Dun. collected in the south of Uruguay was investigated against five microorganisms including the pathogenRalstonia solanacearum. A total of 30 extracts corresponding to organic and aqueous extracts were studied. Interestingly, most of the positive results for growth inhibition were againstR. solanacearum. The extracts were also analyzed for the presence of glycoalkaloids and lectins. Six of the ten aqueous extracts showed lectin presence and a wide variation in the type and amounts of glycoalkaloids, was found. Results indicate that there is no clear relationship between the antimicrobial activity against the five microorganisms screened and the presence or amounts of lectins and glycoalkaloids, traditionally regarded as possible antimicrobial metabolites in theSolanum genus, which indicates the presence of as yet unidentified antimicrobial compounds.     

La pourriture fongique des tubercules de pomme de terre en atmosphère contrôlée

Résumé Fusarium culmorum et, dans une moindre mesure,F. avenaceum, F. sambucinum, Colletotrichum coccodes etCylindrocarpon sp. ont été isolés de tubercules entreposés en atmosphère contr?lée (AC) et atteints de pourriture grave. Des expériences d'inoculation de tubercules avec 10 espèces ou variétés fongiques et conservation en AC à 8 et 10°C ont montré que: 1) les champignons non pathogènes en atmosphère normale (ex.:Cylindrocarpon sp.) le devenaient en AC, 2) ceux qui étaient faiblement pathogènes en atmosphère normale étaient nettement plus virulents en AC (ex.:F. culmorum), 3) les espèces ou variétés virulentes en conditions d'air normales (Fusarium sulphureum etPhoma exigua var.foveata) ne provoquaient pas de pourriture plus grave en AC et leur activité pouvait même être légérement freinée.

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Summary The extensive rotting of tubers which occurred during storage trials in controlled atmospheres has led to a mycological and pathological study of the rots. The most frequently isolated species wasFusarium culmorum althoughF. avenaceum, F. Sambucinum, Coletotrichum coccodes and aCylindrocarpon sp. were also present. Tubers of cvs Bintje and Ulla were inoculated with 19 isolates of 10 fungal species or varieties associated with rotting of stored tubers (Table 1). The tubers were incubated at 8 or 10°C in normal or controlled (2% O₂:1% CO₂, 2% O₂:6% CO₂, 2% O₂:12% CO₂, 6% O₂:6% CO₂) atmospheres and the extent of rotting was determined a month later (Tables 2 and 3 and Fig. 2). Species which were weakly virulent in a normal atmosphere (variousFusarium spp. andPhoma exigua var.exigua) were clearly more aggressive in the controlled atmosphere and this was especially evident in the case ofF. culmorum. Species ot pathogenic in a normal atmosphere under experimental conditions (Colletotrichum coccodes, Cylindrocarpon sp.,Phoma eupyrena) caused rotting in the controlled atmosphere. The two species which were virulent in a normal atmosphere (F. sulphureum andP. exigua var.foveata) were also virulent in the controlled atmosphere and in some cases the extent of rotting was even less. As a general rule, rotting caused by weakly virulent fungi was greater in both cultivars in the controlled than in a normal atmosphere.

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Zusammenfassung Eine starke F?ulnis von in Kontrotrollierter Atmosph?re gelagerten Kartoffelknollen veranlasste eine mykologische und pathologische Untersuchung. Der am h?ufigsten isolierte Pilz warFusarium culmorum. F. avenaceum, F. sambucinum, Colletotrichum coccodes undCylindrocarpon sp. wurden ebenfalls bestimmt. Neunzehn St?mme von 10 Pilzsorten oder-Arten welche bei Lagerf?ulnis vorkommen (Tab. 1) wurden auf Knollen der Sorten Bintje und Ulla inokuliert. Die Lagerung wurde bei 8 oder 10°C under Normalbedingungen oder kontrollierter Atmosph?re durchgeführt (2% O₂:1% CO₂, 2% O₂:6% CO₂, 2% O₂:12% CO₂, 6% O₂:6% CO₂). Der F?ulnisgrad (Abb. 1) wurde nach einem Monat bonitiert. Die Ergebnisse sind in den Tabellen 2 und 3 dargestellt und in der Abb. 2 illustriert. Unter in Normalbedingungen nur schwach virulente Arten (verschiedeneFusarien undPhoma exigua var. exigua) waren deutlich aktiver in kontrollierter Atmosph?re. Dies was besonders der Fall fürF. culmorum. Pilze, die im Versuch unter Normalbedingungen nicht pathogen waren (Colletotrichum coccodes, Cylindrocarpon sp., Phoma eupyrena), haben unter kontrollierter Atmosph?re Sch?den verursacht. Hingegen werden die beiden unter Normalbedingungen sehr pathogenen Arten (F. sulphureum undP., exigua var.foveata), durch kontrollierte Atmosph?re wenig beeinflusst. Es wurde sogar in einigen F?llen eine gewisse Verringerung des F?ulnisbefalls beobachtet. Ganz allgemein haben die getesteten kontrollierten Bedingungen die Entwicklung der Pilzf?ulnis an beiden Kartoffelsorten gef?rdert, speziell durch Pilzarten, welche unter Normal-bedingungen wenig Sch?den verursachen.

     

Novel food and non-food uses for sorghum and millets

Sorghum and millets have considerable potential in foods and beverages. As they are gluten-free they are suitable for coeliacs. Sorghum is also a potentially important source of nutraceuticals such antioxidant phenolics and cholesterol-lowering waxes. Cakes, cookies, pasta, a parboiled rice-like product and snack foods have been successfully produced from sorghum and, in some cases, millets. Wheat-free sorghum or millet bread remains the main challenge. Additives such as native and pre-gelatinised starches, hydrocolloids, fat, egg and rye pentosans improve bread quality. However, specific volumes are lower than those for wheat bread or gluten-free breads based on pure starches, and in many cases, breads tend to stale faster. Lager and stout beers with sorghum are brewed commercially. Sorghum's high-starch gelatinisation temperature and low beta-amylase activity remain problems with regard to complete substitution of barley malt with sorghum malt . The role of the sorghum endosperm matrix protein and cell wall components in limiting extract is a research focus. Brewing with millets is still at an experimental stage. Sorghum could be important for bioethanol and other bio-industrial products. Bioethanol research has focused on improving the economics of the process through cultivar selection, method development for low-quality grain and pre-processing to recover valuable by-products. Potential by-products such as the kafirin prolamin proteins and the pericarp wax have potential as bioplastic films and coatings for foods, primarily due to their hydrophobicity.     

Extreme resistance to infection by potato virus X in genotypes of wild tuber-bearingSolanum species

Summary Clones derived from thirty-one different accessions (nineteen of Argentine origin) belonging to eightSolanum species were screened for resistance to infection by potato virus X strain cp (PVX cp) by mechanical inoculation of plantlets that had been micropropagated in vitro. Estimates of PVX multiplication obtained by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and slot blot nucleic acid hybridization allowed the identification of resistant clones derived from five accessions belonging toS. commersonii S. oplocense, S. sparsipilum andS. tuberosum andigena. Resistant genotypes supported PVX concentrations 5 to 15 times smaller than did the susceptible control cultivar Spunta. Graft inoculation test confirmed the presence of extreme resistance similar to that conferred by the ‘immunity’ gene X¹ (also called RX_act).