生态农业综合评价指标体系在辽宁省绿色食品生产布局方面的应用

根据现代生态学、农学、系统工程学和市场经济学基本理论,以统计数据及辽宁省的自然、社会经济条件为依据,采用生态农业综合评价模型对辽宁省14个市的生态农业发展状况进行量化表征,再由评价结果并结合各地区生产现状对整个辽宁省的绿色食品产业开发进行分区布局,形成完整的绿色食品开发系统工程和配套技术体系,同时提出相应的对策,从而推动辽宁省绿色食品产业发展。     

浅议加快漳州绿色食品产业的发展

本文介绍绿色食品的概念、技术等级标准及发展绿色食品的意义，漳州发展绿色食品产业的优势与存在的问题及发展绿色食品产业的措施。     

我国绿色果蔬产业的现状及趋势

本文分析了国际市场上健康食品的发展和市场潜力情况及我国绿色果蔬产业的现状，提出了我国绿色食品水果、蔬菜产业的未来发展趋势。     

从会宁县小杂粮生产谈小杂粮绿色食品的发展

会宁县是甘肃省的小杂粮绿色食品生产基地，有许多成功的经验和做法，本文通过对发展绿色食品的意义、会宁县发展绿色食品的有利条件、发展小杂粮绿色食品的经验及产业化发展中存在的问题等方面综合分析，指出在甘肃省发展小杂粮绿色食品生产必须依靠科技进步，提高品质质量；建立健全质量标准，积极推进标准化生产拓宽服务领域，强化信息服务，服务领域要向产后延伸；积极争取项目，带动产业发展；建立绿色食品小杂粮产业研究与发展中心，发展小杂粮产业发展协会。     

发展吉林省绿色食品产业的几点看法

系统地介绍了在吉林省发展绿色食品的意义和吉林省绿色食品产业发展的现状,同时分析了现阶段吉林省绿色食品产业中存在的问题,提出了强化政府职能作用,加强对绿色食品工作的指导服务;建设绿色基地,培育绿色食品龙头,企业抓好绿色食品产业化经营,加快对绿色食品的宣传力度,提高全社会绿色食品意识;大力培育名牌产品,努力开拓绿色食品市场等一系列发展绿色食品产业的对策.     

浅谈辽宁省无公害农业生产存在的问题与对策

随着人民生活水平的提高 ,人们对食品的要求已逐渐从“数量型”向“质量型”转变 ,有机食品、绿色食品、无公害食品越来越受到人们的青睐。从辽宁省生产和消费水平来看 ,当务之急是大力发展无公害绿色食品生产 ,这也符合我国现阶段农业生产发展目标。发展无公害农业生产 ,充分利用自然资源 ,最大限度地限制外源污染物质进入农业生产系统 ,生产出无污染的安全、优质、营养类农产品 ,有利于保护生态环境 ,有利于提升农产品质量 ,确保人们食物安全 ,有利于缓解加入ＷＴＯ后国际上优质优价农产品对辽宁乃至中国市场的冲击 ,此外 ,通过创造无公害…     

加快发展福建山区绿色食品产业的途径和对策

本文介绍了绿色食品兴起的国际背景，总结了目前绿色食品开发利用现状及存在问题和福建山区发展绿色食品产业的比较优势，提出加快发展山区绿色产业和绿色食品产业的对策建议。     

浅议谷子绿色食品开发的几个问题

谷子是干旱及半干旱地区重要的粮食作物 ,其籽实(小米 )营养丰富、食味独特 ,不但可制做多种营养食品而且具有较高的食疗保健作用。改革开放以来 ,随着国民经济的发展 ,精米精面已成为人们的主食 ,单一的主食造成食品结构失衡导致病患人群增多 ,为此以小米等粗粮食品调节膳食结构越来越成为一种时尚 ,使谷子呈现出广阔的开发前景 ,尤其在我国加入ＷＴＯ以后 ,绿色小米市场势必进一步扩展。随着谷子绿色食品开发形势的发展 ,也出现一些影响和制约着谷子绿色食品产业化提高的问题。本文主要依据国内外对Ａ级和ＡＡ级绿色食品和无公害食品生产…     

关于目前水稻生产中用肥问题的商榷

目前,无公害食品、绿色食品、有机食品正日益受到消费者和生产者的关注,相关的技术问题在逐步获得解决,相关的标准被逐步掌握,但在水稻绿色食品、有机食品的生产实践中,关于施肥的某些问题并未取得广泛共识。本文就施用化肥与水稻绿色食品的关系及现阶段水稻有机食品生产的问题谈了看法,供商榷。     

我国绿色食品的发展现状与对策探讨

分析了我国绿色食品生产与产业化发展的现状、存在问题及其今后进一步发展的对策。认为我国绿色食品生产与产业化开发目前处于蓬勃发展的初级阶段,但存在着管理不规范、市场规模较小、难进入国际市场等问题。今后需进一步加强规范化管理,发挥品牌与区域优势,树立竞争意识,加强基地建设,从而更好地发展我国的绿色食品产业。     

Mineral composition of some traditional Mexican teas

Teas of plant origin traditionally consumed by the Mountain Pima of Chihuahua, Mexico, were analyzed for mineral nutritional content. Fe, Cu, Zn, Ca, and Mg composition was determined for native teas made from shoots ofTagetes lucida, T. filifolia, Elytraria imbricata, andHolodiscus dumosus, and from root xylem ofCeanothus depressus andPhaseolus ritensis. Native uses of these teas are also described.     

Studies on natural repellents against potato tuber moth (Phthorimaea operculella Zeller) in country stores

Summary The effects of the leaves of five plant species, one from each of the generaAmbrosia, Anemone, Eupatorium, Eucalyptus andLantana, on potato tuber moth were investigated under indigenous storage conditions at the Central Potato Research Station, Shillong (1800 m above sea level). Their action was compared with that of a biological insecticide (spores ofBacillus thuringiensis), a chemical insecticide (carbaryl), and an untreated control. The data collected after six months storage on tuber damage, sprout damage and the rotting indicated that the leaves ofLantana aculeata provided most protection to the tubers, reducing damage from over 70% in the check to below 5%, and sprout damage from over 45% to below 3%. Next best wasEucalyptus globulus followed byB. thuringiensis. They may be used on tubers stored for table use or for seed as they had no adverse effect on germination or on the yield of a subsequent crop.     

Comparative Assessment of the Efficacy of Various Nitrogen Fertilizers

Summary

The efficiency of N fertilizers is usually poor; often less than 50% of the applied N is taken up by the crop. This review focuses on various N fertilizers with respect to the significance of different N loss pathways, namely (i) ammonia volatilization, (ii) dinitrogen and nitrogen oxide emissions, and (iii) nitrate leaching. Further, the significance of biological N immobilization, ammonium fixation and, finally, the impact of nitrate vs. ammonium uptake on crop yield are also discussed. The reviewed literature shows that N fertilizers may differ markedly in their susceptibility to losses. There is, however, considerable scope to improve N efficiency of each N source by proper N management practices.     

Redox Status and Neuro Inflammation Indexes in Cerebellum and Motor Cortex of Wistar Rats Supplemented with Natural Sources of Omega-3 Fatty Acids and Astaxanthin: Fish Oil,Krill Oil,and Algal Biomass

Health authorities worldwide have consistently recommended the regular consumption of marine fishes and seafood to preserve memory, sustain cognitive functions, and prevent neurodegenerative processes in humans. Shrimp, crabs, lobster, and salmon are of particular interest in the human diet due to their substantial provision of omega-3 fatty acids (n-3/PUFAs) and the antioxidant carotenoid astaxanthin (ASTA). However, the optimal ratio between these nutraceuticals in natural sources is apparently the key factor for maximum protection against most neuro-motor disorders. Therefore, we aimed here to investigate the effects of a long-term supplementation with (n-3)/PUFAs-rich fish oil, ASTA-rich algal biomass, the combination of them, or krill oil (a natural combination of both nutrients) on baseline redox balance and neuro-inflammation indexes in cerebellum and motor cortex of Wistar rats. Significant changes in redox metabolism were only observed upon ASTA supplementation, which reinforce its antioxidant properties with a putative mitochondrial-centered action in rat brain. Krill oil imposed mild astrocyte activation in motor cortex of Wistar rats, although no redox or inflammatory index was concomitantly altered. In summary, there is no experimental evidence that krill oil, fish oil, oralgal biomass (minor variation), drastically change the baseline oxidative conditions or the neuro-inflammatory scenario in neuromotor-associated rat brain regions.     

Potential of dry fractionation of wheat bran for the development of food ingredients,part II: Electrostatic separation of particles

Wheat bran is a composite material made of several layers, such as pericarp, testa and aleurone. It could be fractionated into purified fractions, which might either be used as food ingredients, or serve as a starting material for extraction of bioactive compounds. The aim of this work was to evaluate the potential of using electrostatic separation as a way to obtain purified fractions from wheat bran. Ultrafine-ground bran obtained either by cryogenic grinding or by grinding at ambient temperature was used as starting material. The ultrafine bran was then charged by tribo-electrification and introduced in a chamber containing two high voltage electrodes, where bran particles were separated depending on their acquired charge, allowing positively and negatively charged fractions to be collected separately. The particle size distribution, microstructure and biochemical composition of the obtained fractions were studied. The charge of the particles was influenced by their biochemical composition: particles rich in highly branched and cross-linked arabinoxylans (pericarp) were separated from particles rich in β-glucan, ferulic acid and para-coumaric acid (aleurone cell walls). The testa and the intracellular compounds from aleurone were not highly charged, neither positively nor negatively. The most positively charged fraction represented 34% of the initial bran, and contained 62% of the ferulic acid present in the initial bran. The yield of the separation process was good (5.4% loss), and could be further increased.     

In vitro antimicrobial activity of different accessions ofSolanum commersonii Dun. from Uruguay

Summary The in vitro antimicrobial activity of extracts from accessions ofSolanum commersonii Dun. collected in the south of Uruguay was investigated against five microorganisms including the pathogenRalstonia solanacearum. A total of 30 extracts corresponding to organic and aqueous extracts were studied. Interestingly, most of the positive results for growth inhibition were againstR. solanacearum. The extracts were also analyzed for the presence of glycoalkaloids and lectins. Six of the ten aqueous extracts showed lectin presence and a wide variation in the type and amounts of glycoalkaloids, was found. Results indicate that there is no clear relationship between the antimicrobial activity against the five microorganisms screened and the presence or amounts of lectins and glycoalkaloids, traditionally regarded as possible antimicrobial metabolites in theSolanum genus, which indicates the presence of as yet unidentified antimicrobial compounds.     

Pharmacokinetics of Marine-Derived Drugs

Marine organisms represent an excellent source of innovative compounds that have the potential for the development of new drugs. The pharmacokinetics of marine drugs has attracted increasing interest in recent decades due to its effective and potential contribution to the selection of rational dosage recommendations and the optimal use of the therapeutic arsenal. In general, pharmacokinetics studies how drugs change after administration via the processes of absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME). This review provides a summary of the pharmacokinetics studies of marine-derived active compounds, with a particular focus on their ADME. The pharmacokinetics of compounds derived from algae, crustaceans, sea cucumber, fungus, sea urchins, sponges, mollusks, tunicate, and bryozoan is discussed, and the pharmacokinetics data in human experiments are analyzed. In-depth characterization using pharmacokinetics is useful for obtaining information for understanding the molecular basis of pharmacological activity, for correct doses and treatment schemes selection, and for more effective drug application. Thus, an increase in pharmacokinetic research on marine-derived compounds is expected in the near future.     

Novel food and non-food uses for sorghum and millets

Sorghum and millets have considerable potential in foods and beverages. As they are gluten-free they are suitable for coeliacs. Sorghum is also a potentially important source of nutraceuticals such antioxidant phenolics and cholesterol-lowering waxes. Cakes, cookies, pasta, a parboiled rice-like product and snack foods have been successfully produced from sorghum and, in some cases, millets. Wheat-free sorghum or millet bread remains the main challenge. Additives such as native and pre-gelatinised starches, hydrocolloids, fat, egg and rye pentosans improve bread quality. However, specific volumes are lower than those for wheat bread or gluten-free breads based on pure starches, and in many cases, breads tend to stale faster. Lager and stout beers with sorghum are brewed commercially. Sorghum's high-starch gelatinisation temperature and low beta-amylase activity remain problems with regard to complete substitution of barley malt with sorghum malt . The role of the sorghum endosperm matrix protein and cell wall components in limiting extract is a research focus. Brewing with millets is still at an experimental stage. Sorghum could be important for bioethanol and other bio-industrial products. Bioethanol research has focused on improving the economics of the process through cultivar selection, method development for low-quality grain and pre-processing to recover valuable by-products. Potential by-products such as the kafirin prolamin proteins and the pericarp wax have potential as bioplastic films and coatings for foods, primarily due to their hydrophobicity.