湖南澧县防护林类型植物群落物种多样性研究

采用典型样方法,分别计算各样地的物种Margalef丰富度指数、Simpson指数、Shannon-Wiener指数、Pielou均匀度指数和生态优势度指数,对湖南澧县4种防护林类型(环湖低丘平原区封山育林、补植封山育林的水土保持林、平原湖区防护林和防浪护堤林)物种多样性进行了研究。结果表明:该地区4种防护林类型植物群落的物种多样性,均表现为基本一致的趋势,其中环湖低丘平原补植封山育林的水土保持林乔木层和灌木层物种数分别为20种和24种,环湖低丘平原封山育林的水土保持林为9种和17种,平原湖区防护林中为6种(10年生的湿地松林1种,5年生马尾松林为5种)和5种,防浪护堤林为1种和2种。研究结果可为湖区营造防护林提供科学依据。     

埃塞俄比亚东南部Dello Menna森林植被的植物区系和结构分析(英文)

描述了埃塞俄比亚东南部Dello Menna森林植被的植物区系组成和植被结构。鉴定和描述了50个20m×20m的样方的植物群落类型、物种多样性、丰富度和均匀性,分析了已鉴定植物群落类型与环境因子的相关性,还描述了木本植物种群结构。每个样方内,均记录木本植物的物种、丰富度、高度和胸径以及海拔、坡度。利用PC-ORD软件对植被进行分类。用Sorensen相似性系数探测群落之间的差异性。计算Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、物种丰富度、Shannon均匀性来描述各种植物群落的物种多样性。共记录了53个科的171个维管植物种。豆科植物是主要的优势植物科系,包括13个属26种(1 5%),其次依次是菊科、唇形科和槭树科,各包括8个物种(4.6%)。根据植物分类结果,识别并描述了3个植物群落(Dalbergia microphylla群落、Grewia bicolar-Acaciabrevispica群落、Combretum molle-Combretum collinum群落)。植物区系之间的物种丰富度、多样性和均匀性存在差异。物种丰富度和多样性随海拔变化呈现出贝尔型分布。群落间植物随海拔梯度有一定的变化,表明海拔是决定植物群落分布的重要因素之一。Dalbergia microphylla群落物种丰富度和多样性均最高。优势种群落结构呈现出各种模型。植被可持续利用是今后的研究方向。     

Plant diversity at Chilapatta reserve forest of Terai Duars in sub-humid tropical foothills of Indian eastern Himalayas

From March 2007 to March 2009 we quantified plant diversity at Chilapatta Reserve Forest in Terai Duars in the Indian eastern Himala-yas. We sampled stratified random nested quadrats. Species richness was 311, representing 167 genera and 81 families. The species diversity index and concentration of dominance of the forest were 2.20 and 0.0072, respectively. Shannon-Wiener index and evenness indices were 4.77 and 1.44, respectively. The Importance Value Index （IVI） of species ranged from 0.13 to 37.94. The estimated diversity indices indicated heterogene-ity of the forest in its composition, structure, function and dynamics. Rich forest plant diversity supports the need for continued conservation of tropical forests.     

东莞主要天然森林群落的物种多样性研究

采用样方法对广东省东莞市12个不同类型天然森林群落的物种组成和多样性进行测算,结果表明,12个群落的物种丰富度为54～147种,Shannon-Wiener指数为2.44～4.08,Pielous均匀度指数为58.08%～86.28%,Simpson指数为0.03～0.24.物种丰富度、Shannon-Wiener指数...     

Community structure and biodiversity in plantations and natural forests of seabuckthorn in southern Ningxia, China

Two types of sampling plots of seabuckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides) communities were investigated in Pengyang County of Ningxia region by a typical sampling method to study the characteristics of community structure and biodiversity. Composition and dominant species of each community were analyzed by the importance value of species as an index. The number of individuals and the importance value, as well as Sorensen’s similarity coefficient, Shannon-Wiener diversity index, Pielou’s evenness index and Simpson’s dominance index, were used as indices to compare characteristics of community structure, similarity and biodiversity between plantations and natural forests of seabuckthorn. The results indicate that the importance values of species of natural seabuckthorn communities were dispersed and the difference between dominant species was not statistically significant. Diversity indices of natural seabuckthorn communities reflected by species richness and evenness were higher than that of plantations. Com-munity structure of natural seabuckthorn forests is more complex. We propose that natural forest can be used as sample to guide se-lection of plant species in silviculture in order to improve biodiversity of plantation.     

白云山自然保护区蝶类昆虫物种多样性研究

对湖南保靖县白云山自然保护区鳞翅目蝶类昆虫种类进行了初步调查,并运用Margalef指数(d)、Men-hinick指数(ds)、Shannon-Wiener信息多样指数(H’)和Pielou均匀度指数(J’)分析该地区蝶类昆虫的物种多样性。结果表明:白云山共发现蝶类昆虫8科37属51种。在种级水平上,种类由多到少依次是:蛱蝶科>凤蝶科=眼蝶科=弄蝶科>粉蝶科>灰蝶科>斑蝶科=喙蝶科。Menhinick物种丰富度指数最高的科为蛱蝶科(2.065),Menhinick物种丰富度指数最低的科为喙蝶科(0.378)。Margalef物种丰富度指数(8.797)、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数(2.912)和Pielou均匀度指数(8.640)在不同方面体现了白云山鳞翅目蝶类昆虫的多样性状况。     

八大公山土壤跳虫群落结构与多样性的季节动态

[目的] 探索八大公山国家级自然保护区生境和季节变化对土壤跳虫群落分布的影响,为自然保护区森林健康的评价和监测提供科学的理论依据。[方法] 于2016年4月、7月和11月对该区青冈林、光皮桦林和栲树林的凋落物和土壤进行取样调查,采用Tullgren干漏斗法分离土壤跳虫,分析土壤跳虫群落结构和多样性与生境和季节变化的相关性。[结果] 共捕获土壤跳虫3 785头,隶属于4目15科29属,其中优势类群为符䖴属、长䖴属、球角䖴属和棘䖴属,4属共占总个体数的71.08%。分析数据表明,土壤跳虫主要集中分布于凋落物层,其个体数、类群数、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数和Margalef丰富度指数大小顺序为青冈林>栲树林>光皮桦林,且主要类群与生境的土壤有机质、全氮呈显著正相关,与土壤全钾、pH 呈显著负相关。春季（4月）土壤跳虫类群数最多,Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、Pielou均匀度指数和Margalef丰富度指数均最高,群落结构最复杂;秋季个体数量最多,但丰富度最低。[结论] 八大公山土壤跳虫群落结构与多样性受生境和季节变化影响显著,生境的植被类型与土壤理化性质共同决定土壤跳虫分布,保持地表植被多样性和保留凋落物对促进土壤跳虫多样性具有积极作用。     

Woody species composition and structure of Kuandisha afromontane forest fragment in northwestern Ethiopia

To investigate the woody species composition,diversity and structure of Kuandisha Afromontane forest,vegetation and environmental data were collected from 53 plots of 10 m 9 50 m for trees and shrubs and 265 subplots of 2 m 9 4 m for seedlings were laid along eight transect lines. The local name, scientific name, abundance,DBH, height and percentage foliage cover of species were recorded. Environmental variables, namely altitude, latitude and longitude as well as disturbance levels were also recorded in each plot. Structure, basal area, importance value index(IVI) and species prioritization were analyzed using spreadsheet programs. Correlation coefficients, frequency, relative frequency, Shannon diversity index,Shannon evenness and vegetation classification were analyzed using an R package. Sixty-six species belonging to40 families were recorded. Fabaceae was the most diverse family consisting of seven species, followed by Euphorbiaceae and Asteraceae. In terms of habit, 29 species were trees, 28 were shrubs, and 9 were lianas. The overall Shannon diversity index was 2.5. The frequency and relative frequency of woody species with DBH C2.5 cm ranged from 1.9 to 92.5 and 0.1 to 5, respectively. Seedling density varied among species ranging from five to 9938 individuals ha-1. The total basal area of woody species having DBH C2.5 cm is 15.3 m2ha-1. The IVI of species ranged from 0.13 for Solanum giganteum Jacq. to 28.4 for Croton macrostachyus Del. The woody vegetation was classified into five community types. Species richness,diversity and evenness of communities were strongly positively correlated. On the other hand, the correlation between disturbance and seedling density, and species richness was strongly negative. Thus, among the recorded woody species, a significant portion was either lacking regeneration or selectively removed for various purposes.The lack of seedlings of those species is mainly attributed to anthropogenic disturbances particularly free grazing. As a result, 14 tree, seven shrub and one liana species were prioritized for conservation and management interventions.     

大围山森林公园鳞翅目蝶类昆虫多样性初步研究

对湖南浏阳大围山鳞翅目蝶类昆虫种类进行初步调查,并运用Margalef指数(d)、Menhinick指数(ds)、Shannon-Wiener信息多样性指数(H’)和Pielou均匀度指数(J’)分析该地区鳞翅目蝶类昆虫的物种多样性。结果表明:大围山共发现鳞翅目蝶类昆虫5科29属46种,种类由多到少依次排列为:蛱蝶科>粉蝶科>凤蝶科>弄蝶科>斑蝶科。鳞翅目蝶类昆虫物种丰富度指数最高的科为蛱蝶科(3.33),物种丰富度指数最低的科为弄蝶科(0.67)。物种丰富度指数(7.99)、多样性指数(2.53)和均匀度指数(4.64)在不同方面体现了鳞翅目蝶类昆虫的多样性状况。     

云顶山亚高山草甸物种多样性研究

在野外样带调查的基础上,通过物种丰富度、物种多样性、物种均匀度等指标,对山西省云顶山亚高山草甸物种多样性及其变化规律进行了分析。结果表明,草甸物种多样性Shannon-wiener指数,Simpson指数和物种均匀度Pielou指数均表现为东南（SE）坡〉西南（SW）坡〉南（S）坡。物种均匀度Alatalo指数变化格局大致相同。总体来讲,东南坡具有较高的物种多样性和较低的物种丰富度,而南坡多样性较低丰富度较高。     

福建茫荡山自然保护区昆虫多样性的初步研究

对茫荡山自然保护区的5个不同生境进行了昆虫多样性调查,并分别用物种丰富度S、个体数N、多样性指数H’、均匀度指数R和优势度指数D对不同的群落进行了统计分析。结果表明在不同生境中物种丰富度、个体教、多样性指数、均匀度指数和优势度指数皆不相同．其中常绿阔叶林内昆虫的丰富度、多样性指数和均匀度均为最高,针阔混交林次之,毛竹林为最低,但是毛竹林物种的优势度却是最高的。表明昆虫的多样性与其生境的植物种类、丰富程度密切相关。     

西安高新区园林绿地结构特征研究

对西安高新区主要绿地的树种组成、水平结构和垂直结构等进行调查。计算得出8个样地的树种丰富度Margalef指数（R）值为1.674 3-2.670 5,多样性Shannon-Wiener指数（H）值为1.054 9-2.231 6,均匀度Pielou指数（J）值为0.693 1-0.968 8,和单调度Simpson指数（M）值为0.125-0.413 6。8个样地的群落密度在130-1 000株/hm2,聚集度指数值为0.4-1.72之间。覆盖度在0.124-1.32之间。8个样地的第一林层比例在14.20%-72.20%之间,第二林层比例在20%-45.50%之间,第三林层比例在0-50%之间。针对高新区园林绿地的结构特征,作者提出了绿地建设的建议。     

井冈山自然保护区云锦杜鹃群落物种多样性研究

分别运用Simpson指数、Shannon-Wiener指数和物种均匀性指数(Pieou指数、Hill指数)探讨了井冈山云锦杜鹃群落的物种多样性特征.研究结果表明,云锦杜鹃群落物种多样性水平随海拔高度下降而呈上升趋势.木本层物种多样性决定群落总体物种多样性水平;而草本层物种多样性主要受生境条件影响,林隙使群落草本层均匀度下降.     

不同林龄桉树林下植被多样性分析

以广东省信宜市中部山区不同林龄（3 a 生和 5 a 生）桉树人工林为研究对象,通过样地调查, 统计和分析了桉树林下植被结构特征（种类组成、结构与分布）和物种多样性（Margale 丰富度指数、 Simpson 优势度指数、Shannon-Wiener 指数和 Pielou 均匀度指数）。结果表明：（1）3 a 生桉树林下植被共 记录维管束植物23 科 31 属 33 种,5 a 生桉树林林下植被共记录维管束植物 24 科 32 属 35 种,不同林龄 桉树林下植被结构与分布特征差异较大,乔木幼苗、灌木层和草本层的优势种均明显不同;（2）林龄对 桉树林下植被丰富度影响相对较小,但对优势度和均匀度影响较大;随着林龄的增加,桉树林下灌木层 和草本层植被物种多样性均明显下降,其中灌木层下降幅度大于草本层。总体而言,林龄对林下植被的 种类组成影响相对较小,但对林下植被的结构与分布以及物种多样性有显著影响。     

东莞清溪山地常绿阔叶林立木结构与多样性

文章研究了广东省东莞清溪山地常绿阔叶林群落组成和立木结构,并用丰富度指数、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、均匀度指数及Simpson指数分析了群落物种多样性的变化。结果表明：林分内立木的树高和胸径变化总趋势均为小级别的个体占大多数,而且各主要树种的重要值差异不大,这些都表明该群落处于进展演替阶段;处于南亚热带的东莞清溪山地常绿阔叶林Shannon-Wiener多样性指数在0.673~2.539,物种均匀度为0.619~0.977,Simpson指数则为0.480~0.905,其物种多样性指数与陈和洞自然保护区常绿阔叶林的多样性指数相近。总的来说,东莞清溪山地常绿阔叶林的物种多样性指数、均匀度和Simpson指数都比较高。并通过对物种多样性指数的分析,探讨了如何才能维持较高的生物多样性。     

武陵山地小花木荷群落物种多样性研究

对武陵山地小花木荷群落物种多样性进行研究,结果表明:在研究区自然条件下,小花木荷群落物种多样性高,种群分布均匀,群落表现稳定;群落的总体物种多样性指数平均值Margalef指数F为4.0411、Simpson多样性指数D为0.7896、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数H为2.1571、均匀度指数Js为0.3245...     

Effect of livestock grazing and human uses on herbaceous species diversity in oriental beech （Fagus orientalis Lipsky） forests,Guilan, Masal,northern Iran

Plant diversity plays key ecological roles in forest ecosystems, including influencing succession, resilience and nutrient cycling. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of livestock grazing and human uses on herbaceous species diversity. We surveyed 50 ha of protected area and 50 ha of unprotected area to evaluate herbaceous species diversity in oriental beech （Fagus orientalis Lipsky） forests in northern Iran. We calculated and compared three indices each of diversity and evenness, and species richness between the two areas. Herbaceous cover was higher in the unprotected area while leaf litter depth and tree canopy cover were higher in the protected area. The diversity indices, H （Shan- non-Wiener index ）, N~ （McArthur index）, N2 （Hill＇s index）, EQ （Modified Nee index）, E,ar （Smith-Wilson index）, E5 （modified index of Hill） and R=S （species richness） and species richness R=S were greater in the protected area than in the unprotected area, suggesting that protection from grazing results in increased numbers of plants and species. The effect of land protection on plant diversity was more pronounced for evenness than for species richness and the positive correlation between diversity and evenness indices was higher than that between diversity and richness.     

开林窗与封禁对华北落叶松林下植被多样性的影响

以木兰林管局典型的华北落叶松林为研究对象,对其采取开林窗、封禁等改造措施,采用样方法进行野外调查,通过丰富度、生态优势度、多样性、均匀度指数,分析不同经营措施下的生物多样性及样地的物种组成。结果表明:开林窗面积中等及较小的样地各生物多样性指数均呈上升趋势,且高于对照,而开林窗面积较大样地的Pielou均匀度指数成降低趋势;封育区的Simpson和Shannon-Wiener多样性指数与均匀度指数均大于对照区,而封育区的Margalef丰富度指数虽然呈上升趋势,但仍小于对照区;该实验区林下植被的优势物种为乌苏里苔草。     

Species composition, similarity and diversity in three successional stages of a seasonally dry tropical forest

The objectives of this study were to describe the floristic composition, species diversity, similarity and richness among three stages of forest regeneration, and to investigate the influence of the previous land use on species composition in a seasonally dry tropical forest in northwestern Costa Rica. The species diversity and richness of woody stems with diameter greater or equal to 5 cm in 26 0.1 ha plots was found to be the greatest in the intermediate stage followed by the late and early stages. The structural changes of this chronosequence of successional stages were quantified with a modification of the Holdridge complexity index. Using satellite imagery for site selection and historical ground truth analysis the influence of past land use and the frequency of anthropogenic disturbances on species composition was illustrated.     

山核桃人工林生物多样性研究

为构建山核桃人工林可持续经营群落,用群落调查法研究了浙江省临安市不同经营措施类型山核桃人工林的物种多样性,结果表明：（1）绵枣儿、天葵、麦冬、地丁、鹅观草、猪殃殃等物种在各经营类型林地中重要值相对较高。（2）丰富度指数在16～33之间,均匀度指数在0．72—0．85之间,Simpson指数在0．83～0．93之间．Shannon．Wiener指数在3．07～4．23之间。（3）类型c（长期使用草甘磷除草的林地）的Shan-non．Wiener指数和丰富度指数低于类型A（近3年未使用草甘磷,每年施肥2次的林地）和类型B（近3年未使用草甘磷,并未施肥的林地）,Simpson指数大小依次为：类型A〉类型B〉类型c,均匀度指数类型A与类型C基本相等,而类型B最少。对于类型c,需要改变林地的经营措施,加速林下植被的恢复,合理引入绵枣儿、天葵、麦冬、地丁、鹅观草、猪殃殃等适应性较强的物种。